متن کامل انگلیسی ساینو-ایرانیکا اثر جاوید برتولت لوفر

LOAN-WORDS IN TIBETAN 593

valid for the Turkish epoch under the T'ang. According to the T'ang
Annals (Tan $u, Ch. 217 B, p. 8), the officials of the Kirgiz were divided
into six classes, the sixth being called tarkan. The other offices are
designated by purely Chinese names, and refer to civil and military
grades. Among the Kirgiz, therefore, tarkan denoted a high military
rank and function.

The title has been traced by E. CHAVANNES and SYLVAIN LEVI in
the Itinerary of Wu K'ufi (751-790). The Chinese author relates that
the kingdom of Ki-pin (Gandhara and territory adjoining in the west)
sent in 750, as envoy to the court of China, the great director Sa-po ta-kan
H $ 31 & (or T ), anciently *Sat or Sar-pa dar-kan (cf. Journal
asiatique, 1895, II, p. 345). Chavannes and LeVi have recognized a
Turkish dynasty in the then reigning house of Ki-pin, and have regarded
the title ta-kan also as Turkish, without, however, identifying it (ibid.,
p. 379). In 1903 Chavannes noted the identity of the Chinese tran-
scription with Turkish tarkan (Documents sur les Tou-kiue occidentaux,
p. 239). The Chinese transcription *dar-kan does not allow us to pre-
suppose a Turkish model darkan; but the Old-Turkish form was indeed
tarkan, as is also confirmed by New Persian tarxan and Armenian
t'arxan (HUBSCHMANN, Armen. Gram., p. 266). Tarsa, the Persian
designation of the Christians, is transcribed in Chinese by the same
character, * l ta-sOj anciently *dar-sa. The complex phonetic phe-
nomenon which is here involved will be discussed by me in another
place. Wherever the Chinese mention the title, it regularly refers to
Turkish personages : thus the pilgrim Hiian Tsan is accompanied by an
officer Mo-tu tarkan, assigned to him by the Turkish Kagan (WATTERS,
On Yuan Chwang's Travels, Vol. I, pp. 75, 77); for examples in the
Chinese Annals, see HIRTH, I.e.

In the Vita S Clementis (XVI), a Bori-tarkdnos appears as com-
mander of Belgrad; this may be Turkish bilri ("wolf")- Among the
Bulgars, Bulias tarkanos (Old Turkish boila tarkan) was one of the
titles of the oldest two princes (cf. MARQUART, I.e., pp. 41, 42). As a
Hunnic title, tarxan occurs in the Armenian History of Albania by Moses
Kalankatvaci (HUBSCHMANN, I.e., p. 516). The word has survived in
the name of the Russian city Astrakhan, originally Haj or Hajji Tar-
khan, as it was still called by Ibn Batuta (ed. DEFREMERY, Vol. II,
pp. 410, 458), who adds that tarkhan among the Turks designates a
place exempt from any taxation. PEGOLETTI calls the city Gintarchan
(YULE, Cathay, Vol. Ill, p. 146). Our word does not occur in Marco
Polo, as supposed by H. Beveridge, nor do the Mongols know it in the
form tarkan, but they have only darkan or darxan (KOVALEVSKI,
p. 1676), which has two different meanings, " workman, artist," and



594 SlNO-lRANICA

"exempt from taxes." GOLSTUNSKI, in his Mongol-Russian Dictionary
(Vol. Ill, p. 63), defines it as " smith, master; exempt from taxes and
obligations." There is no association between these two meanings, as
wrongly deduced by E. BLOCHET (Djami el-TeVarikh, Vol. II, p. 58).
In Karakirgiz we have darkan in the sense of "smith, artist," while the
same word in Kirgiz means "favorite of the Khan" and "liberty."
Perhaps darkan was an independent Mongol-Turkish word, which was
subsequently amalgamated with Old Turkish tarkan.

The Tibetan forms dar-k'a-c'e and dar-rgan lead to Uigur darkati
(-&* being a suffix) and dargan or darkan. Tibetan tradition itself assigns
these words to the Uigur language; thus it is legitimate to conclude that
Mongol, on its part, derived the words from the Uigur, and that the
initial dental sonant is peculiar or due to the latter. The Tibetan
transcriptions, further, are decisive in reconstructing the Uigur forms;
for an Uigur (or Mongol) tarkan would have been transcribed by the
Tibetans only t*ar-k*an. Among the Mongols, the title never had an
extensive application; it does not occur in the chronicle of Sanafi
Setsen. Also the fact that the Manchu and other Tungusian languages
did not adopt it from the Mongols is apt to show that it is of com-
paratively recent date among the Mongols. Neither was it the Mongols
who conveyed the word to Persia, as is evidenced by the Persian form
tarxan. The form dargan paves the way to daruga, which, although a
different word, that has assumed a development of its own, in its founda-
tion is doubtless related to darkan, tarkan. Both words start with the
common significance "official, governor, commander, high authority,"
and gradually depreciate in value, daruga simply becoming a chief,
mayor, superintendent, manager, and tarkan a favorite of the Khan.

There is no evidence of the existence of the title on Asiatic soil
prior to the seventh or eighth century A.D. The Chinese do not ascribe
it to the Hiun-nu or any of the numerous early Turkish tribes with
which they came in contact, while they have preserved many titles and
offices in their languages. We have no right to assume an unlimited
antiquity for any historical or linguistic phenomenon; nor can it be
argued with Mr. Beveridge that "the antiquity of the name is evidenced
by the fact that its etymology is unknown, and that Oriental writers are
obliged to make absurd guesses on the subject." There are a great many
ancient words the etymology of which is perfectly known, and there are
many words of recent origin the etymology of which is shrouded in
mystery or dubious. I have no judgment on the point raised by Mr.
Beveridge, that the names Tarchon, Tarquin, and Tarkhan may be
identical ; but for chronological and ethnographical reasons this theory
does not seem very probable. At any rate, both detailed phonetic and



LOAN-WORDS IN TIBETAN 595

historical investigations are necessary in order to establish such an iden-
tity ; a merely apparent coincidence of words proves little or nothing.

170. The Turkish origin of tupak is also maintained by W. GEIGER
(Lautlehre des BaluSi, p. 66) : Baluci tupak, tupan, tufan, topak; Yidga
tufuk.

171. The word cdku occurs also in Kurd caku, caxo, etc. (J. DE
MORGAN, Mission en Perse, Vol. V, p. 140).

183. The word se-mo-do occurs in the Tibetan translation of the
Amarakosa (p. 166).

198. pir-t'i (" quick-match") is also connected with Turk! pilta
(LE COQ, p. 86 b).

207. Another Sanskrit term for Panicum miliaceum is cmaka
("Chinese") and cinna.

279. k'ra-rtse, pronounced t*ar-tse, is perhaps merely a bad spelling
of Persian tardzu (No. 128).

299. t'ai rje is possibly connected with Mongol taiji (cf. O. FRANKS,
Jehol, p. 30).

On p. 421 it is stated that the animal kun-ta is not yet traced to its
Sanskrit original. Boehtlingk's Dictionary, however, has Sanskrit
kunta with the meaning "a small animal, a worm"; but this entry
may be simply based on the Tibetan mDzans-blun. The Chinese tran-
scription calls for a prototype *kunda.

To the Persian loan-words add $o-ra (above, p. 503).

To the Arabic loan-words add $eg (" chief tain, elder"), from Arabic
Saix.

To the Turkl loan-words add gan-zag (above, p. 577).

Sir GEORGE A. GRIERSON, editor of the "Linguistic Survey of India/'
has done me the honor to look over my Loan- Words in Tibetan, and to
favor me with the following observations, which are herewith published
with his kind permission:

The Kashmiri for "egg" (p. 405) is t'ul.

15. I cannot think that *andanil is a possible Apabhramga (using
the word in its technical sense) word. The presence of n seems to
point to Kashmiri, in which ni has a tendency to change to ni. The
Ksh. equivalent of Skr. mla- is nilu, pronounced nyul, and it is a com-
mon-place that ny and n in that language have the same sound. In fact,
original medial ny is written n (e.g. dana, from Skr. dhdnya-, "paddy"),
in this following Paigaci Prakrit.

17. 'Arya-pa-lo. This is typical Pigaca, which changes ry to
r(i}y and v(b) to p. In all Indian Prakrits, dry a would become ajja- 9
with short initial a.



596 SlNO-lRANICA

1 8. pot'l is the common word for "book" all over North India.
The Ksh. form is put'i.

21. sendura- is the regular Prakrit form of Skr. sindura-.

28. I do not see how ba-dan can represent patdka. The change
of initial p to b is, I think, impossible in any Prakrit or modern
Indian language. Of course, the change might have occurred in
Tibetan. 1

29. saccha, with a long a, is impossible in Prakrit. Compare Hindo-
stani saca ("a mould").

30. In true Apabhramca, medial k often becomes g (Hemacandra,
iv 39 6 ) This accounts for the g in mu-tig. But the Ap. form would
be *mu(6)ttiga-, not mukt- or mut-.

45. Is not Tibetan &'a-ra = HindostanI khar, "coarse sugar?" I
should be inclined to derive the Tibetan word $a-ka-ra from the Persian
word lokar, not from Skr. Sarkara. If the Tibetan word came from
India, it would be sa-ka-ra. In regular Prakrit, and in all the modern
Indo-Aryan vernaculars except Bengali, Sanskrit (f) becomes 5. The
Persian word is in regular use in Kashmiri $akar t and could thus have
got into Tibet.

68. The regular Prakrit form is vidduma-, which is quite common.
See, e.g., the index to the Setubandha. I have never met any form such
as *viruma-, or the like.

113. Although dar-cmi is the dictionary word, dal-cini is universal
all over North India.

1 1 8. T have not come across cob-cml in Kashmiri, but in that
language other compounds with cob are common, to indicate the roots of
various plants. This leads me to think that the word probably got into
Tibetan through Kashmir.

122. The word tsddar, a shawl, is pure Kashmiri. It came into that
language from India.

143. Araq is, of course, common all over North India. It is even
used by Hindus, and appears in Hindi. In Kashmiri, arak means ' 'sweat."
It is the same word.

143-156. I think it is certain that all these Arabic words came via
India. They are all in common use in North India and Kashmir. The
only exception is No. 148. I do not remember coming across this cor-
ruption of masjid anywhere in India proper. But, curiously enough,



1 It 'hould be borne in mind that the derivation of ba-dan from patdka is proposed
by tb^xfibetan grammarians; whether this is objectively correct, is another ques-
tion. At any rate, ba-dan is not a Tibetan word, and the object which it denotes
came from India with Buddhism. [B.L.]



LOAN-WORDS IN TIBETAN 597

maslt occurs in the Ormuri language spoken in Afghanistan. Of course,
the form bagSis with g (No. 145) does not occur in India. 1
173. Argon occurs in Kashmiri in the same sense.

1 The final g (pronounced k} is a purely graphic, not a phonetic phenomenon;
Tibetan writing has no final k. [B.L.]



GENERAL INDEX

The Index contains also additional information.



A-lo-yi-lo, 378 note 2, 511.

Abel-Re"musat, see Re"musat.

Abu Dulaf, 351.

Abu Mansur, 194, 209, 298, 301, 306,
307, 315, 320, 332, 350, 354, 364, 366,
369, 370, 373, 38o, 383, 396, 399, 405,
425, 443, 446, 449, 453, 455, 459, 481,

483, 507, 509, 544-547, 549, 55i, 553,
587, 589; Indian elements in pharma-
cology of, 580-585.

Abulfeda, 351.

Achundow, A. C., 194, 209, 253, 298,
301, 304, 306, 307, 315, 320, 327, 332,
350, 354, 364, 366, 367, 370, 373, 380,
383, 396, 399, 402, 405, 425, 443, 446,
449, 453-455, 459, 478, 483, 507, 509,
544-547, 551, 580, 583-585, 587.

Aconite, 582.

Acorn, in Persia, 246.

Acosta, C., 356, 528, 550, 556, 591.

Aden, almonds of, 405.

Aeschylus, 320.

Aetius, 586.

Africa, aloes of, 480; date-palm intro-
duced into eastern, 389 note I ; ebony
from, 485, 486; home of Ricinus, 404;
home of sesame cultivation, 290;
home of water-melon, 438; myrrh
from East, 461.

Ahlquist, A., 577.

Ahmed Sibab Eddin, 561.

Ai-lao, 489.

Ain-i Akbari, 222, 282, 319, 502, 592.

Ainslie, W., 241, 254, 266, 364, 367, 453,

484, 514, 585, 588.
Aitchison, 343.

Akbar, promoter of viticulture, 240.

al-Akfani, 566.

Albertus Magnus, 395 note 6, 411.

Alcohol, Chinese allusion to, 237.

Aleni, Giulio, S. J., 433, 527.

Alexander Romance, Chinese in, 570-
571; Ethiopic version of, 566.

Alexandria, 550.

Alfalfa, cultivation of, in Fergana, 210;
history of, 208-219; wild species of, in
China, 217-218. Alfalfa is culti-
vated in Arabia, being styled gadhub
on the South- Arabian coast. The
Arabs also received the plant from
Persia. In Egypt it became only
known during the nineteenth century
under the name "Arabian clover"



(bersim hegi&si)\ cf. G. Schweinfurth,

Z. Ethn., 1891, p. 658.
Almeria, 492, 497.
Almond, 193, 405-409.
Altabas, altobas, term for brocades,

derivation of, 492.
Alum, 336, 474-475-
Amber, 521-523; of Samarkand, 251.
Ammianus Marcellinus, 355, 548.
Amomum, 481-482.
An-si, Chinese name of the dynasty of

the Arsacides or Parthia, 187, 221,

457; cotton stuffs of, 488.
Anabasis, 223, 224.
Andamans, Memecylon on, 315.
Anderson, J., 266, 286.
Andreas, 529.
Anglo-Saxons, cultivation of carrot by,

451, 452; cultivation of coriander by,

299.
Annam, pepper of, 375; Psoralea of, 484;

styled Yavana, 212; Styrax benjoin

of, 465.

Antimony, 509.
Ao-men & Ho, 434, 501.
Apricot, in India, 240, 408; transmitted

from China to the west, 539.
Arabia, alleged home of fig-culture, 411;

amber from, 522; costus of, 463;

manna of, 346 note 3; myrrh from,

461; saffron from, 310; turmeric ex-
ported from India to, 314.
Arabs, activity in sugar-industry of,

377; date of, 390; gold-dust of, 510;

grapes of, 223; grape- wine of, 239;

importers of asbestos into China, 500;

nux-vomica of, 449; rape-turnip of,

381; symbolism of pomegranate

among, 287; trading brocades with

Kirgiz, 488-489; viticulture of, 241;

yue no textiles of, 494.
Areca palm, 584.
Argentine, alfalfa in, 219.
Aristobulus, 239, 372.
Aristophanes, 208.
Aristotle, 411, 512.
Armenia, alfalfa in, 218; grape- wine in,

220; peach and apricot in, 539; rhu-
barb of, 547.
Armenian apple, Greek term for apricot,

203, 209.

Aromatics, 455-467.
Arrian, 455.



599



6oo



GENERAL INDEX



Arsak, Chinese transcription of, 284.

Arthac,astra, 569.

Asafoetida, 353-362.

Asbestos, 498-501.

Assyria, fig in, 411.

Atharva Veda, 290, 455.

Athenaeus, 223, 224.

Attalic textures, 488.

Aurousseau, L., 263, 330.

Avesta, 185, 187, 277, 372, 488, 563, 572.

Avicenna, 383, 587.

al-Awwam, 395.

Aymonier, E., 286, 473, 476, 486.

Baber, 452.

Babylonia, ebony of, 486; figs of, 412.

Babylonians, ebony used by, 486; se-
same oil used by, 290.

Backgammon, a Persian game (nard),
known in China in the sixth century

A. D., 335.

Bactria, bamboo of Se-6'wan traded to,
535; pistachio of, 246; visited by
Can K'ien, 211.

BadaxSan, asbestos of, 499.

Bagdad, yue no of, 494.

Bailey, T. G., 260.

al-Bai^ar, Ibn, 298, 314, 316, 332, 351,
360, 396, 422, 432, 443, 448, 483, 522,
545, 546, 549, 550-553, 58i, 586.

Baku, saffron exported from, 320.

Balas nlby, 575.

Bali, camphor of, 479.

Balm of Gilead, 429-434.

Balsam-poplar, 339-342.

Baltistan, saffron of, 318.

Baluchistan, alfalfa in, 209, 216; Bal-
samodendron of, 467; caraway of,
383 note ii ; date of, 390; fig of, 412;
Lawsonia alba in, 337; olive of, 415;
pistachio in, 246; pomegranate in,
276; rhubarb of, 547.

Bamboo, the square, 535-537.

Bang, W., 496.

Barberry, 314.

Bartholomae, C., 461.

Basil, 193, 194, 586-590.

Batata, Ibn, 282, 418, 442, 496, 546,

Bauer, M., 521.

Seal, S., 282, 304, 512.

Beccari, 527.

Becker, C. H., 489.

Beckmann, J., 321, 512, 514.

Bellew, H. W., 397, 444.

Belon du Mons, P., 346, 433.

Bentham, G., 589.

Be"guinot, A., 218.

Berbera coast, myrrh from, 461.

Berezin, 502.

Bergaigne, A., 212.

Bernier, 547.

Berosus, 290.



Betel, 582.

Beveridge, A. S., 278, 452.

Beveridge, H., 592-594.

Bezoar, 525-528. To the bibliography
on p. 528 add the new edition of
Barbosa by M. L. Dames, Vol. I,
p. 235 (Hakluyt Society, 1918).

Bhoja, see Fu-i.

Biddulph, D., 254.

Billiard, R., 220.

Biot, E., 322.

Birch, 552-553-

Birdwood, G., 451.

Blagden, C. O., 474.

Blanco, M., 482.

Blasdale, W. C., 408, 418.

Blochet, E., 564, 576, 594.

Blochmann, H., 222, 282, 319, 502, 592.

Blumner, H., 294, 367.

Bod, Chinese transcription of, 198 note 6.

Boehtlingk, O., 452, 527, 576, 577, 595.

Boissier, E., 547, 549, 588.

Bokhara, Bukhara, rugs from, 493; salt
of, 511; seedless grape of, 231.

Bonavia, E., 390, 411.

Bontius, J., 361.

Borax, 503.

Borneo, 469; bezoar of, 527; tabashir of,
352.

Borooah, A., 397, 425.

Borszczow, E., 353, 354, 362, 364-366.

Bostock, 586.

Bouchal, L., 527.

Bouvet, J., S. J., 238.

Bower Manuscript, 248, 254, 283, 314,
404 482.

Brandstetter, R., 443.

Brass, 511-515-

Brassica, 380-382.

Bretschneider, E., 190, 191, 195, 201,
204, 206, 207, 213, 214, 216, 226, 230,
236, 238, 252, 254, 257-260, 263-265,
268, 278-280, 284-286, 288, 289, 293,
295, 297, 300, 302, 305-308, 311, 313-
315, 324-326, 329, 330, 332, 335, 341,
346, 348, 351, 355, 358, 371, 385, 387-
389, 392, 395, 400, 401, 403, 406-408,
413, 421, 436, 437, 439, 440, 442, 446,
458, 459, 465, 466, 473, 494, 496, 497,
508, 515, 520, 525, 543, 554, 557, 560.

Bretzl, H., 355.

Briancon, manna of, 346.

Brocades, Chinese, in Persia, 537; Per-
sian, 488-492.

Brown, E., 211.

Browne, E. G., 194.

Budge, E. A. W., 566, 570.

Buhler, G., 558.

Bandahisji, disquisition on plants, con-
tained in the, 192-194.

Burma, Alpinia galganga in, 546; lac
employed in, 478; mentioned in the
Man u, 468, 494; mentioned in the



GENERAL INDEX



601



T'ang Annals, 469; nux-vomica of,
449; trade of, with Yun-nan, 471;
transit-mart in the trade of asafcetida
from Siam to Yun-nan, 360 note 2.

Buschan, G., 276, 277, 451.

Bushell, S. W., 560.

Buxtorf, J., 429.

Cabaton, A., 286, 473, 476, 486.
Cahen, G., 550.

Cairo, balsam of, 433; men from, teach-
ing sugar-refining in China, 377.
Camboja, 477; gold of, 509 note 10;
mango in, 552; pomegranate of, 282;
saffron exported from India to, 318.

Cambyses, 224, 372.

Camphor, 478-479, 585, 591.

Canakya, 569.

Candolle, A. de, 190, 205-208, 214, 216,
219, 220, 246, 257, 258, 276, 279, 288,
290, 294, 300, 301, 304, 307, 320, 324,
387, 39i , 395, 397. 400, 401, 404, 407,
413, 416, 425, 438-440, 445, 447, 452,
453, 539, 54i, 584, 589-

Cange, Du, 353, 395, 498.

Canton, former cultivation of date in,
386.

Caraway, 383.

Cardamom, in Pahlavi literature, 193.

Carmania, 223.

Carob, 424-425.

Carrot, 451-454-

Cassia pods, 420-426.

Castre"n, 577.

Celery, 402.

Chalybonian wine, 224.

Chardin, 320.

Chavannes, E., 186, 195, 202, 211, 221,
222, 262, 264, 303, 318, 341, 344, 357,
379, 438, 439, 456, 462, 470, 488-490,
493-495, 499, 509, 512, 520, 521, 529,
53i, 549, 563, 564, 573, 593-

Chess, 576.

Chestnut, in Pahlavi literature, 193.

China, etymology of the name, 568-570.

China Root, 556-557.

Chive, 302.

Chloride of sodium, 505.

Chowry, 565.

Christensen, A., 529, 530, 533.

Chrysanthemum, in Pahlavi literature,
193.

Cinnamon, 541-543, 583.

Citron, 581.

Clark, W. E., 592.

Clement-Mullet, 395.

Coccus lacca, 478.

Coccus mannifer, 348.

Cockscomb, 193.

Coco-nut, Arabic-Persian designation of,
derived from Indian, 585; mentioned
in Pahlavi literature, 193; wine, 240.

Collas, M., 505, 508.



Copper, green, attributed to Persia, 515.

Copper-oxide, 510.

Coral, 523-525; of Samarkand, 251.

Cordier, H., 206, 236, 252, 346^352, 496,
560.

Coriander, 192, 205, 297-299. To the
Persian names add sauniz; Persian
karinj, kiranj, or kurinj, and juljul&n,
mean ' ' coriander-seed ' ' (juljul&n
means also "sesame-seed").

Cosmas, 240.

Cosmetic, of white lead, 201.

da Costa, see Acosta.

Costus root, 462-464.

Cotton, 490, 491, 574.

Couling, S., 293.

Courteille, Pavet de, 370.

Crab-apple, in India, 240.

Crawfurd, J., 269, 278, 283, 404, 443.

Croton, 583.

Cucumber, 300-301.

Cucurbitaceous plants, history of, 440
note 2.

Cummin, 383-384, 575-

Curtel, G., 220.

Cynips quercus folii, 367.

Cyropaedia, 223, 224.

Cyrus, 223, 412.

Can-pei, or Can-pi, a Malayan country,
268.

Can Cu, 527 note 2.

Can Cun-kin, or Can Ki, 205, 262.

Can Hun-mao, 232.

Can Hwa, 258, 259, 278, 310, 324.

Can K'ien, Chinese general of the second
ceiitury B. c., introduced alfalfa and
grape-vine into China, 190, 210, 221;
chive not introduced by, 302; cori-
ander not introduced by, 297; cucum-
ber not introduced by, 300; fig not
introduced by, 413; introduction of
safflower wrongly connected with, 310,
324; introduction of sesame wrongly
ascribed to, 288-289; Memoirs of his
journey, 242; pomegranate not due
to, 278-279; walnut not introduced
by, 257-259; see, further, 372, 535,
536, 539, 564.

Can K'ien 'u kwan i, 242.

Can Yi, 285, 306.

Can Yu-si, 446.

Can Yue, 233, 344.

Cao Hio-min, 229, 252.

Cao u-kwa, 344, 355, 360, 368, 459,
461, 463, 465, 472, 480, 493, 541, 549.

^553-

Cen cu S'wan, 442.

Cen Kwan, 464.

Cen Ho, 390.

Cen Kan-cun, 336.



602



GENERAL INDEX



Cen K'ien, 268, 326.

Cen lei pen ts'ao, 201, 204, 211, 233, 250,
258, 279, 280, 288, 302, 340, 351, 367,
380, 384, 392, 399, 420, 422-424, 448,
458-460, 462, 475, 483, 500, 504, 508,
510, 524, 588.

Cen su wen, 399, 409.

Cen en tsi, 536.

Cen Tsiao, 196, 289, 323, 328, 348, 392.

Ci fan wai ki, 433, 527.

Ci p'u, 561.

Ci wu min i t'u k'ao, 196, 197, 204, 218,
247, 258, 264, 267, 279, 296, 300,
306-308, 312, 340, 368, 388, 393, 394,
410, 411, 413, 443, 463, 482, 484.

Ci ya fan tsa c"'ao, 447, 500, 566.

Co ken lu, 386, 388, 448, 519.

Cou Kin i Lu an ki, 281.

Cou K'u-fei, 270, 344, 472, 494, 553.

Cou li, 314, 322, 565.

Cou Lian-kun, 536.

Cou Mi, 336, 447, 500, 566.

Cou u, 201, 320, 372, 374, 375, 378, 379,

_ 457. 510, 515, 5i6, 525, 532, 533, 565.

Cou Ta-kwan, 282, 478.

Cu fan i, 480.

Cu Mu, 491.

Cu p'u sian lu, 537.

Cu Yi-&in, 234.

Cun hwa ku kin 6u, 327.

Cun Su Su, 392, 440.

C'an Te, 332, 515, 520.

C'an wu &, 496, 497.

C'en C'en, 358, 359, 470.

C'en Hao-tse, 259, 267, 279.

C'en Ki-zu, 442.

C'en Lin-ku, 281.

C'en Si-lian, 198.

C'en Ts'an-k'i, 195-198, 200, 228, 233,
247, 297, 306, 307, 313, 318, 343, 345,
365, 380, 384, 386, 402, 420, 423, 424,
458, 472, 553, 588, 590.

C'en fu fun hwi, 429.

C'en-ts'an, walnuts of, 264, 274.

C'u hu kwo fan, 204.

C'un ts'ao fan tsi, 409, 427.

Dal', 502.

Dalgado, S. R., 465.

Dallet, C., 563.

Damascus, wine of, 224.

Darius, 208, 223, 320.

Darwin, C., 261, 267.

Date, in Pahlavi literature, 193.

Date-palm, 385-391.

Datura, 582, 585.

Daud, 369, 546, 584.



Daur, Tungusian tribe, cultivators of
walnuts, 267.

Dautremer, J., 244.

Davis, J. F., 232.

Defre"mery, 282, 492.

Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, 208, 219.

Deva, a Buddhist monk from Magadha,
359-

Dev
Diamond, 518, 521.

Diels, H M 350.

Dilock, Prince of Siam, 242.

Dimagql, 555.

Diodorus, 372, 563.

Dioscorides, 208, 246, 252, 255, 286, 364,
366, 367, 427, 428, 432, 447, 453, 463,
464, 546, 548, 586.

Diratzsuyan, P. N., 218.

Distillation, practised by Chinese from
the Mongol period, 238.

Dodoens, D. R., 396, 587.

Dog-rose, 193.

Dore", H., 287.

Doughty, C. M., 287.

Dozy, R., 389, 465, 547, 555, 589.

Dragendorff, 546.

Drouin, E., 559.

Drugget, 501-502.

Dudgeon, J., 236, 238.

Dujardin-Beaumetz, 415.

Dziatzko, K., 563.

Ebony, 485-486.

Eden, 261 note 8.

Edkins, J., 211, 238.

Edrtsl, 320, 354, 389, 549.

Egasse, 415.

Egypt, balsam in, 432, 433; carrot in,
4535 Cassia fistula in, 422; coriander
of, 299; cucumber of, 301; cummin
from Iran to, 383; ebony of, 486;
grape-vine in, 220; manna of, 346
note 3; pomegranate of, 278; safflower
of, 324; tabashir shipped from India
to, 35O; vetch in, 307; water-melon
in, 438.

Egyptians, ricinus-oil used by, 403.

Eisen, G., 412, 413.

Eitel, E. J., 291, 309, 335.

Elderkin, G. W., 223.

Elephants, white, sent from Burma,
Po-se, and K'un-lun to Yun-nan, 471.

Elias, 278.

Elliott, H. M., 278, 319.

Emblic myrobalan, 551, 581.

Emerald, 518-519.

Engler, A., 206, 207, 255, 258, 272, 276,
290, 300, 311, 355, 389, 415, 416, 418,
438, 539-

Ephthalites, Persian brocades sent to
China by, 488.

Er ya i, 212, 326, 436, 442.



GENERAL INDEX



603



Erdmann, F. v., 527.
Esposito, M., 433.
Ezekiel, 486.

Fa Hien, 282.

Fadlan, 553.

Falaha naba^Iya, 396.

Falconer, 362.

Fan C'en-ta, 197, 328, 408, 426.

Fan Co, 468, 469, 494.

Fan I-6i, 260.

Fan yi min yi tsi, 215, 216, 254, 283, 290,
308, 318, 323, 404, 411, 455, 457, 458,
466, 518, 551, 592.

Fanyu &, 413, 491.

al-Faqlh, Ibn, 500, 507, 512, 515, 556.

Farvardin Yat, 569.

F6e, 543, 586.

Fei sue hi, 197.

Feldhaus, 513.

Fenugreek, 446-447.

Fergana, carrot in, 454; centre from
which viticulture spread to China,
221; Chinese words from language of,
212-213, 22 5; coriander in, 298; indigo
in, 370; Iranian language spoken in,
212; mango in, 552; rice in, 372; se-
same attributed by Chinese to, 288;
sesame cultivated in, 291; visited by
Can K'ien, 210; walnut in, 255.

Ferrand, G., 320, 351, 378, 419, 469,
474, 478, 512, 524, 541, 545, 549, 552,

^.553-

Fig, 410^414.

Filbert, in Pahlavi literature, 193.

Firdausl, 532, 570.

Fish-teeth = walrus ivory, 567.

Flax, 293-296.

Fletcher, G., 567.

Fluckiger, F. A., 299, 311, 316, 320, 346,
347, 349, 357, 364, 366, 405, 447, 449,
480, 542, 548, 549, 556.

Forbes, F. B., 217, 266, 289, 296, 311,
341, 408, 426, 439, 535, 547, 587.

Ford, C., 196, 449.

Forke, A., 523.

Formosa, pea of, 306.

Fossey, C., 519.

Fraenkel, S., 415, 559.

France, manna of, 346; walnut oil manu-
factured in, 266 note 4.

Francisque-Michel, 489, 492, 496, 498,
501.

Franke, O., 231, 284, 409, 553, 595.

Frankincense, in Pahlavi literature, 193.

Fryer, John, 253, 347, 357, 447, 454.

Fu Hou, 302, 327.

Fu-kien, square bamboo of, 536.

Fu K'ien, 381.

Fu kwo ki, 282.

Fu-li Palace, 263.

Fu-lin (Syria), balm of Gilead of, 429;
cassia pods of, 420; fig of, 411, 412;



galbanum of, 363; grape- wine in, 223;
jasmine of, 330; language of, 408, 411,
415, 420, 423, 427, 429, 435-437, 479;
olive of, 415; se-se of, 516; transcrip-
tion of the name in Chinese, 436-437 ;
words from, transmitted to China in
latter half of the ninth century, 424.

Fu-lu-ni, amber and coral of, 521 note 9.

Fu-nan (Camboja), pomegranate of,
282; Pterocarpus of, 459 note i;
saffron from, 318; storax from, 457.

Fu-si, on Sumatra, cassia pods of, 420;
cummin of, 384.

Fu-tse, 379.

Fuhner, H., 525.

Fukuba, Y., 244.

Fun i wen kien ki, 232, 279, 304, 379,

393-
Fun Yen, 279.

Gabelentz, H. C. v. d., 416, 439, 575.

Galangal, name not derived from Chi-
nese, 545.

Galbanum, 363-366.

Galenus, 246, 366, 369.

Gandhara, vegetable from, 402.

Garcia da Orta, 314, 346, 347, 351, 353,
355, 356, 360, 361, 370, 421, 422, 443,
458, 464-466, 476, 481, 482, 542, 544,
546, 550, 556, 583, 591.

Gardthausen, V., 563.

Garver, 218.

Gauthiot, R., 186, 212, 285, 529, 530,

531, 563, 569, 573, 589.

Gazna, asafcetida of, 359, 361.

Gedrosia, Balsamodendron of, 467;
myrrh of, 462; nard of, 455.

Geerts, A. J. C., 201, 340, 508, 510, 512,
514, 516, 519-

Geiger, W., 462, 595.

Gerarde, John, 393, 396, 477, 551, 587.

Gerini, G. E., 269, 473, 474.

Gesar romance, 235, 236, 437 note I.

Gilyak, acquainted with wild walnut,
266.

Ginger, dried, 201, 583.

Goeje de, 389, 495.

Gold, in Tibet, 516; of Persia, 509;
traded in Yun-nan, 469.

"Gold Peach," 379.

Golde, on the Amur, acquainted with
wild walnut, 266.

Golstunski, 361, 594.

Gombocz, Z., 294, 574.

Gourd, native of China, 197.

Grape-vine, 220-245.

Grape-wine, at the court of the Mongols,
234; in Fergana and Sogdiana, 221;
in KuSa, 222; in Persia, 223-225; in
Syria, 223, 224; introduced into China,
231; method of making, introduced
into China, 232; of India, 239-242; of
Qara-Khoja, 236; of Tibet, 236; pro-



604



GENERAL INDEX



duced in T'ai-yuan fu, 236; recipe for
making, 234.

Grapes, introduced into China in 128
B.C., 221; method of preserving and
storing, 230; rare in southern China,
232; varieties of, in China, 228-230.

Gray, A., 338, 440.

Greek, alleged loan-words from the, in
Chinese, 225, 445; Iranian loan-words
in, 285, 427 note 8; not known in
Fergana, 226.

Greeks, influence of, on Orient in tech-
nical culture superficial, 294; water-
melon unknown to ancient, 445.

Grierson, Sir George A., 591, 595.

Groeneveldt, W. P., 269, 390, 472,

497-

Groot de, 303.
Grube, W., 266, 512.
Grum-Gr2imailo, 266, 439.
Gruppy, H. B., 238.
Guibourt, 523, 528.
Guillon, J. M., 220.
GundeSapQr, 377.

Hadramaut, myrrh from, 461.

Hai-nan, 286, 375, 470, 485.

Hai yao pen ts'ao, 247, 248, 359, 384,

460, 465, 470, 471, 475, 479, 483, 510.
Hajji Mahomed, 546.
Halde Du, 425, 426.
Haleyy, J., 208.
Hami, balsam-poplar of, 341; raisins of,

231; varieties of grape introduced

from, 229.

Han Pao-en, 340, 380.
Han Wu ti nei 6wan, 232.
Hanbury, D., 198, 299, 316, 321, 343,

346, 347, 349, 357, 364, 366, 405,

447, 449, 458, 464, 48o, 503, 505, 508,

542, 545, 548, 549, 556.
Handcock, P. S. P., 415, 486.
Hanlfa, Abu, 316, 354.
Hansen, N. E., 219.
HanzO Murakami, 501.
Hardiman, J. P., 563.
Hauer, 409.

Haukal, Ibn, 255, 374, 377, 507, 5H.
Hehn, V., 206, 208, 220, 243, 247, 258,

272, 276, 277, 300, 320, 321, 369, 373,

386, 438 539-
Hei Ta & ho, 234.
Heldreich, Th. v., 267, 299.
Hemp, brought to Europe by Scythians,

294; mentioned in Pahlavi literature,

I 93I typical textile of the ancient

Chinese, 293.
Hemsley, W. B., 218, 266, 289, 296, 311,

341, 408, 426, 439, 535, 548, 587.
Henna, 332, 334~338.
Henry, A., 295, 328, 375.
Herat, almonds exported from, 409;

almonds of, 406 note 4; amber from,



522; asafoetida of, 354; Chinese and
Iranian names of, 187; manna of, 347
note 4.

Herbelot d', 277, 361, 430, 433.

Herodotus, 223, 224, 290, 291, 348, 372,
390, 403, 412, 456, 486, 488.

Hervey St.-Denys d', 499.

Herzfeld, 563.

Heyd, W., 321, 496, 544, 549.

Hi, country and tribe of Korea, 198.

Hian p'u, 459, 470.

Hian tsu pi ki, 409.

Hickory, discovered in China by F. N.
Meyer, 271.

Hien lu ki, 438, 441.

Hien Yuan-gu, 515.

Himly, K., 578.

Kin-nan fu &, 520.

Hio pu tsa u, 308.

Hippocrates, 447.

Hirth, F., 186, 187, 190, 191, 202, 21 1,
213, 223, 226, 227, 230, 239, 242, 257,
269, 279, 282, 283, 286, 288, 297, 302,
319, 321, 324, 329, 330, 334, 344, 355,
359, 36o, 363, 368, 369, 371, 373, 374,
385, 389, 408, 410, 411, 415, 424, 428,
429, 435-437, 445, 457, 459, 461, 462,
465, 466, 470, 472, 475, 479-481, 485.
487, 490-495, 513, 523-525, 529, 535,
537, 538, 545, 546, 550, 558, 559, 592,
593-

Hjuler, A., 574.

Ho K'iao-yuan, 394.

Ho-lo-tan, on Java, 491.

Ho-nan, pomegranates of, 280; walnuts
of, 265.

Ho Se-hwi, 236, 252, 406.

Ho Yi-hin, 399, 409.

Hoang, P., 325.

Hoernle, A. F. R., 248, 254, 335, 558, 559,
590.



Hollyhock, 551.
Hommel, W., 514.



Hone's Sokukan, 244.

HonzO komoku keimO, 204, 243, 250

260, 273, 293.
HonzO-wamyO, 243.
Hooker, J. D., 260, 261.
Hooper, D., 338, 343, 348, 528.
Hoops, J., 221, 255, 451, 452.
Hori, K., 530, 531.
Horn, P., 225, 321, 343, 373, 493, 495,

506, 53i, 538, 557, 563, 58i, 590.
Horses, of Iran, conveyed to China, 210.
Hort, A., 355, 364, 431.
Hou Han Su, 187, 221, 374, 456, 489, 492,

521, 525-

Houtum-Schindler, A., 496, 497.

Hu, alluding to India, 374; iron of the,
202; language of the, 508; meaning of
term, 194 (cf. also the discussion of
S. Le>i, Bull, de I'Ecole fr., Vol. IV,
PP' 559-563) ; prefixed to plant-names,



GENERAL INDEX



605



194-202; salt of the, 201; with refer-
ence to Mongolia, 381.

Hu Hia, 381.

Hu Kiao, 438-442.

Hu-nan, pomegranates of, 280.

Hu-pei, flax in, 295.

Hu pen ts'ao, 204, 268, 282, 326, 327.

Hu-pi-lie, 252.

Hu-se-mi, amber and coral of, 521 note

9-

Ht -suan, dancing-girls of, 494.

Hu.m Tsari, 240, 282, 304, 317, 359, 361,

TT 457 '^ 40 '
Huan Ym, 240.

Hubschmann, C M 248, 256, 301, 321,
331, 36i, 373, 385, 415, 427, 429, 436,
506, 508, 513, 515, 525, 531, 533, 537,
538, 541, 568, 573, 58i, 585, 589, 590,
593-

Hui k'ian Ci, 230, 299, 341, 442, 443, 506,
5.62.

Hui tsui, 536.

Hujler, A., 261.

Hultzsch, E., 545.

Hun C'u, Jj9, 470.

Hun Hao, watermelon introduced into
China by, 440, 441.

Hurrier, P., 312, 319, 328, 361, 404, 407,
417, 449, 482, 484, 583.

Hwa i hwa mu k'ao, 429.

Hwa kin, 259, 267, 279, 324, 330, 336.

Hwa-lin Park, 263.

Hwa mu siao &, 409, 427..

Hwa p'u, 204.

Hwa yo i, 523.

Hwai-nan-tse, 292.

Hwan^Sin-ts'en, 563.

HweiZi, 359.

Hwi Cao, 373, 470.

Hyaena, transcription of word, in Chi-
nese, 436.

Hi, 20 1.

Imbault-Huart, C., 268.

Incense, 585; produced in the Malayan
Po-se, 470.

. idia, alfalfa cultivation of recent date
in, 209; black salt of, 511; brass of,
511; Brassica rapa in, 381; consump-
tion of asafcetida in, 354, 359; cori-
ander in, 298; costus of, 464; cucum-
ber in, 301; Curcuma in, 314; ebony
from, 485, 486; fenugreek in, 447; fig
of, 412 ; flax introduced from Iran into,
294; ginger of, 201; grape and grape-
wine of, 239-242; Lawsonia alba in,
338; manna in, 346 note 3, 349~35o;
nux-vomica of, 449; pepper of, 201,
374; pomegranate of, 282; rugs of,
493? sesame of, 290; textiles of, 491;
walnuts of, 254.

Indigo, 370-371, 585-

Indo-China, nux-vomica of, 449.



Indo-Europeans, relation of, to viticul-
ture, 220^-221.

Indo-Scythians, see Yue-c"i.

Ingalls, W. R., 514.

Inostrantsev, K., 492, 501, 502.

Interpolations, in the Kin kwei yao Ho,
205; in the Ku kin &i, 485; in the Nan
fan ts'ao mu Swan, 263, 330, 331, 334;
in the Ts'i min yao u, 191.

Iranian, geographical and tribal names
in Chinese transcription, 186.

Irano-Sinica, 535-571.

Iron, of the Hu, 202.

Iskandarname, 570.

Ispahan, wine of, 241.

Istaxrl, 255, 320, 332, 354, 511.

I2ak Ibn Amran, 316, 442, 552.

'aba, A., 250.

ack-fruit, 479.

ackson, A. V. W., 225, 277.

acob, G., 239, 316, 337, 492, 513, 522,

523, 553, 556.
Jacobi, 569.
al-Jafiki, 546.
Jaguda, aconite of, 379; black salt of,

511; indigo of, 370; myrrh in, 460;

rice in, 372; saffron of, 317, 318;

styrax benjoin of, 467; sugar in, 376.
Jahanglr, on saffron cultivation, 319.
Japan, alfalfa in, 218; fig introduced

into, 414; wild vine in, 226.
Jaschke, H. A., 235, 260, 509.
Jasmine, 192, 193, 329-333.
Jastrow, M., 533.
Jaubert, A., 320.
Java, 469; aloes from, 480; a-wei

ascribed to, 360 note 2; Canarium

in, 270; textiles of, 489.
Jawbarl, 512.



Jehol, grapes of, 231.
Jews, Chinese desij



lesignation of, 533;

parchment manuscripts of Chinese,

564-

Jolly, J-, 556, 580, 581, 585-
Joly, H. L., 392.
Joret, C., 206, 208, 223, 239, 246, 255,

277, 290, 291, 295, 301, 337, 338, 349,

360, 383, 390, 404, 405, 412, 444, 453,

455, 462, 467, 539, 541.
Josephus, Flavius, 430.
Joshi, T. R., 260.
Julien, S., 240, 254, 304, 317, 359, 418,

511, 514,561.
Justi, F., 495, 530, 532.

Kabul, jasmine of, 332; myrobalan of,

378.
Kaempfer, E., 249, 250, 285, 353, 354,

360, 414, 488, 528.
Kafiristan, pomegranate of, 278.
Kaibara Ekken, 204, 272.
Kalila wa Dimna, 370.



6o6



GENERAL INDEX



Kan-su, vine growing in, 226.
Kao-S'an, grape of, 232; manna of, 343,

344^

Kao C'en, 279, 292, 441.
Kao Se-sun, 332, 517.
Kao Si-ki, 411.
Kao Tsun, 498.
Kaolin, known in Persia, 556.
Karabacek, J., 558, 559.
KaraSar, copper-oxide of, 510; wine in,

222.

Kashgar, asbestos garment from, 498;
rice in, 372; sugar-cane of, 376 note 2.

Kashmir, alfalfa found in, 209, 216;
amber of, 521 ; carrot of, 452; coral of,
525; famed for grapes, 222 note 6;
fenugreek of, 447; grape- wine of, 240;
jasmine of, 332; saffron of, 310, 315-
321; vine of, 222.

Keith, A. B., 240, 308, 391, 455, 569.

Ken sin yu ts'e, 526.

Kermanshah, kaolin of, 556.

Kern, H., 212, 590.

Khojand, pomegranate of, 286.

Khonsar, manna of, 348.

Khorasan, manna of, 347 note 4; pis-
tachio in, 246; rhubarb of, 547; saf-
fron of, 320.

Khordadzbeh, 541, 545.

Khosrau I, 209, 370, 372 note 4, 391.

Khosrau II, 532.

Khotan, amber from, 522; asafcetida of,
359; borax and sal ammoniac from,
506; rice of, 372.

Ki fu t'un c'i, 501.

Ki Han, 263, 329, 330, 332.

Kia-p'i, in India, 317.

Kia Se-niu, 247, 263, 278.

Kia Tan, 466.

Kia yu lu, 393.

Kia yu pen ts'ao, 394.

Kia yu pu u pen ts'ao, 392.

Kiao-6i, 375, 376, 485.

Kiao ou ki, 263.

Kidney bean, 307.

Kie-li-pie, name of a pass in Persia, 187.

Kien-c'en, Buddhist priest, 469.

Kin kwei yao lio, 205, 262, 279, 297,
302.

Kin lou tse, 222, 417.

Kin 6'u swi si ki, 511, 512.

Kin k'ou ki, 281.

Kin Si, 281.

Kin si hwi yuan, 494.

King, F. H. f 230, 445.

Kingsmill, T. W., 213, 225, 226.

Kirgiz, recipients of Parthian textiles,
488; trading with Arabs, 489.

Kirkpatrick, 261.

Kirman, antimony in, 509; asbestos in,
500; cummin of, 383; sal ammoniac
of, 5O7; turquois of, 519; zinc-mines
of, 512.



Kitab el-falaha, 395.

Kitan, water-melon obtained from the

Uigur by, 438, 441; words from the

language of, in Chinese transcription,

439 note 2.
Kiu c'i ki, 217.

Kiu hwan pen ts'ao, 197, 307, 335.
Kiu T'an su, 318, 469, 488, 491, 516.
Kiu Wu tai i, 439, 488, 506.
Kiu yii c'i, 471.
Kiu Yun-nan t'un c'i, 308.
Klaproth, 236, 503, 523, 538, 540, 560,

562, 572, 574.

Ko & kin yuan, 259, 264, 265, 270, 561.
Ko Hun, 279.
Ko ku yao lun, 485, 491, 497, 500, 510,

512, 515, 516, 536, 553, 566, 568.
Kobert, R., 194.
Kodans'o', 472.
Kojiki, 243.
Korea, Corydalis of, 198; mint of, 198;

variety of walnut from, introduced

into Japan, 273; walnut introduced

from China into, 275.
Korzinski, S., 211, 246, 255, 291, 294,

298, 344, 454, 587.
K'ou Tsun-i, 204, 217, 265, 313, 402,

460, 470.
Kovalevski, O., 235, 295, 361, 509, 575,

577, 59i, 593-
Krauss, S., 415, 429, 435.
Kremer, A. v., 337, 527.
Ku kin cu, 242, 280, 283, 302, 303, 305,

324-327, 459, 485, 486.
Ku-lan, 370.
Ku-i, 341, 343.
Ku yu t'u p'u, 517.
Kua, cosmetic of, 201; grape-wine in,

222; rice in, 372; sal ammoniac of, 504,

506; styrax ben join in, 467; yen-lu of,

510.

Kumarajlva, 303.
Kuner, N. V., 262.
Kunos, I., 214.
Kunz, G. F., 350, 528.
Kurdistan, almond in, 405; pomegranate

in, 276.

Kuropatkin, A. N., 506.
Kurz, S., 261.
Kwa, alleged name of a country, 401,

402.

Kwa su su, 394.
Kwan c'i, 228, 250, 264, 268, 281, 305,

358, 359, 456-458, 464, 470, 471, 536.
Kwan &>u ki, 384, 475.
Kwari Sou t'u kin, 333.
Kwan k'un fan p'u, 204, 259, 270, 305,

307, 330, 331, 394, 440, 443, 448, 451.
Kwan-sii Sun t'ien fu c'i, 410.
Kwan-tun, fenugreek in, 446; myrrh of,

460, 475.

Kwan wu hin ki, 264.
Kwan ya, 285, 306.



GENERAL INDEX



607



Kwan yu ki, 201, 251, 341, 345, 489, 492,

SIS-
Kwei hai yu hen ft, 197, 328, 408, 426,

568.

Kwei ki san fu c"u, 199.
Kwei sin tsa si, 335, 447.
Kwo P'o, 212, 536.
Kwo su, 256, 265.
Kwo Yi-kun, 264, 281.
Kwo Yun-t'ao, 468.

K'ai-pao pen ts'ao, 258, 265, 303, 350,
351, 384, 417, 418, 460, 462, 481, 483.

K'ai yuan t'ien pao i si, 527.

K'an miu cen su, 227.

K'an-hi, the Emperor, new varieties of
grape introduced by, 228, 229; pre-
sented with foreign wine, 238.

K'ao ku t'u, 517.

K'i-lien Mountain, 326.

K'ian, forefathers of Tibetans, connected
with plant-names, 199; salt of the,
201 ; walnut named for, 257, 259.

K'ien su, 537.

K'u Yuan, 195.

K'un fan p'u, 336.

K'un-lun, a Malayan country, alum
from, 475; a-wei (kind of asafcetida)
in, 358-360; costus root of, 464; lac
from, 477; storax from, 458; trade of,
with Yiin-nan, 469471.

Lac, 475-478.

Lacaze-Duthiers, 523.

Lamarck, 523.

Land-tax, of Khosrau I, 209, 391.

Lao-p'o-sa, 389.

Lapis lazuli, 518, 520.

Laufer, H., 463.

Leclerc, L., 209, 298, 304, 314, 316, 321,
332, 333, 337, 347, 351, 354, 355, 360,
363, 367, 370, 383, 390, 395, 396, 399,
402, 404, 422, 425, 427, 428, 430, 432,
445, 446, 448, 449, 453, 461, 463, 478,
483, 512, 520, 522, 541, 544, 545, 546,
549, 55i, 552, 554, 556, 581-583, 586,
587, 590.

LeCoq, A. v., 214, 230, 345, 577-579,



595-
Lei Hiao, 197, 292.



Lei Kun, 548.

Leitner, W., 284.

Lentil, 193.

Lenz, H. O., 518.

Lettuce, 400402.

Levesque, E., 411, 430, 459.

LeVi, Sylvain, 222, 317, 358, 359, 398,

404, 464, 544, 545, 592, 593.
Levy, J., 429, 430.
Li Cun, 311.
Li Hiao-po, 201.
Li ki, 216.
Li K'an, 537.



Li Po, 232.

Li Sao, 195.

Li sao ts'ao mu su, 195.

Li Sun, 248, 327, 358, 359, 384, 465,
470, 471, 478-483, 5io.

Li San-kiao, 494.

Li Si, 401.

Li Si-cen, 198-200, 204, 214, 215, 217,
225, 226, 228, 231, 237, 238, 242, 252,
279, 284, 289, 293, 297, 300, 302, 305-
307, 310-313, 317, 318, 323, 327, 328,
33i, 336, 341, 345, 358, 360, 365, 371,
374, 375, 38o, 381, 384-388, 392,
399-401, 403, 406, 407, 409-411, 413,
417, 418, 420, 426, 427, 441, 442, 451,
459-461, 465, 467, 472, 478, 480, 482
484, 485, 491, 510, 512, 515, 526, 527
557, 558.

Li Tao, 191.

Li Tao-yiian, 264, 322.

Li Te-yu, 282, 527.

Li wei kun pie tsi, 282.

Li-yi, production of grapes in, 221.

Li Yu, 279

Li Yuan, 279.

Lian se kun tse ki, 233, 344.

Liari u, 286, 316, 412, 457, 488, 490,
525-

Lily, 193-

Lin hai i, 351.

Lin piao lu i, 196, 268-270, 340, 386,

417, 479-
Lin wai tai ta, 269, 270, 319, 344, 472,

T - 4 ;tf ' 5 ?'
Lmdley, J., 412.

Linne", 586, 589.

Linschoten, 550, 556.

Lippmann, E. O. v., 238, 376, 377.

Litharge, 508-509.

Littre", 353.

Liu Hi, 201.

Liu Hin-k'i, 263.

Liu Sun, 268, 386, 387, 417, 479.

Liu Si-lun, 268.

Liu Tsi, 197.

Liu Yii-si, 393.

Lo-fou san ki, 536.

Lo yan k'ie Ian ki, 217.

Lo Yuan, 212, 326.

Localities, plant-names derived from,

381, 401, 402, 456, 457.
Lockhart, 508.
Lo-lo, of Yun-nan, acquainted with

pomegranate, 286 note i; acquainted

with tree-cotton, 491, 492 note;

acquainted with wild walnut, 267;

familiar with almond, 407 note 3;

familiar with Ricinus, 404.
Loan-words, Arabic, in Tibetan, 596;

Chinese, in Persian, 557, 564, 565, 568;

Chinese, in Turkl, 577-579; from

ancient languages of Indo-China, in



6o8



GENERAL INDEX



Chinese, 268 note 2, 376 note 5, 486,
491; Greek, in Syriac, 436; Indian, in
Arabic, 545; Indian, in Malayan, 283;
Indian, in Persian, 332; Iranian, in
Greek, 427 note 8; Iranian, in Mongol,
572-576; Iranian, in Sanskrit, 240,
283 note 3, 286, 367, 407, 411, 503;
Malayan-Pose (Pasa), in Chinese, 471 ;

Man, in Chinese, 197; Persian in
Hindi, 452; Persian, in Hindustani,
505; Persian, in Tibetan, 503; Slavic,
in West-European, 501.

Loew, I., 365, 390, 423, 428, 429, 583,

585.

Lorenzetti, I. B., 219.
Loret, V., 220, 277, 285, 286, 290, 299,

301, #>7, 337, 386, 403, 422, 453, 461.
Lotus, 585.
Loureiro, J. de, 265, 266, 313, 401, 407,

482.

Lu 5'an kun i k'i, 346, 498, 527.
Lu Hui, 280.
Lu Ki, 278, 297.
Lu Kia, 330.

Lu Kwan, conqueror of Ku5a, 222.
Lu Mountain, 281.
Lu-nan &, 266.
Lu Sin-yuan, 460.
Lu Sanki, 281.
Lu an siao 6i, 281.
Lu Tien, 323.
Lu Yin-yan, 251.
Lun-kan, pomegranate of, 281.
Lyte, H., 396, 587.

Ma Ci, 265, 313, 328, 370, 378, 417, 418,
482, 483, 485, 526.

Ma-k'o-se-li, 345, 510.

Ma-ku Mountains, 271.

Ma-ku San &, 271.

Ma Twan-lin, 389, 436.

Macao, 501, 567.

MacCrindle, 309.

Macdonell, A. A., 240, 308, 391, 455.

Macgowan, J., 237, 535.

MadLyantika, 321.

Magadha, pepper of, 374; sugar-indus-
try of, 377.

Magadhl, influence of, on Tibetan, 591.

Magnolia, 588.

Maimargh, 512.

Main waring, G. f 261.

Maitre, H., 450.

al-Makln, 571.

Makkari, 492.

Malayan Po-se, see Po-se.

Malindi, 389.

Man u, 420, 463, 466, 468, 469, 474,
494 517.

Manchuria, asbestos in, 501; se-se in,
518; wild walnut in, 266.

Mandelslo, J. A. de, 352, 357, 499, 554.

Mandrake, 447, 585.



Mango, 552.

Manna, 343-35-

Manna-ash, 343.

Manu, Institutes of, 290, 404.

Margiana, 223.

Marigold, 193.

Marjoran, 585.

Markham, C., 314, 346, 352, 353, 355,
360, 370, 444, 458, 464, 465, 476, 478,
542, 544, 546, 550, 556.

Marking-nut tree, 482-483.

Marquart, J., 537, 592, 593.

Marsden, W., 404.

Maspero, H., 186, 417, 476, 499, 538.

Massagetae, 224.

Masudi, 370, 506.

Matsuda, S., 216.

Matsumura, 196, 218, 243, 244, 250, 251,
269, 273, 274, 295, 296, 314, 328, 342,
406, 417, 422, 426, 459, 462.

Mayers, W. P., 491, 515, 516.

Media, products of, 208.

Medic apple, Greek term for citron, 202,
209.

Medike, the Medic grass, Greek term
for alfalfa, 202, 208.

Megasthenes, 290.

Megenberg, K. v., 364, 433.

Meillet, A., 186, 187, 437, 530, 532.

Melinawi, ginger of, 583.

M61y t F. de, 340, 475, 504, 508, 510, 514,

526.

Merw, Chinese names of, 187.
Mesopotamia, early cultivation of grape-
vine in, 220; fenugreek in, 447; olive
in, 415.

Methodology, in the history of culti-
vated plants, 242-243, 271-272, 422.
Meyer, F. N., 267, 271, 408, 410.
Meynard, Barbier de, 320, 370, 373, 425,
, 506, 507, 509, 547, 559- 1
Miao tribes, familiar with Ricinus, 404.
Migeon, G., 492.
Miklosich, F., 501.
Miller, W., 256, 415.
Millet, in Persia and China, 565.
Min siao ki, 536.
Min u, 394, 396.
Min hian p'u, 363.
Min hwan tsa lu, 517.
Min &, 264, 390, 562.
Min wu Si, 256 note 6.
Mint, 193, 194, 198.

Mirrors, with grape-designs, 226 note I.
Mo k'o hui si, 401.
Mo-lin, 389.

Mo-lu, country in Arabia, 381, 399, 402.
Modi, J. J., 372, 437, 532, 537, 564, 568,

569-

Mohammedan bean, 197.
Moldenke, Ch. E., 277.
Mon K'an, 339.
Mon k'i pi fan, 289, 459.



GENERAL INDEX



609



Mon-ku &, 295.

Mon lian lu, 229, 282.

Mon Sen, 233, 238, 265, 292, 297, 303,

376.

Mon-tse, 216.
Monardes, N. de, 342.
Mongol dynasty, cultivation of alfalfa,

encouraged by, 217.

Mongol, Iranian Elements in, 572-576.
Mongolia, Brassica rapa in, 381; flax

in, 295.

Morange, M., 449, 450.
Morbus americanus, 556.
Morga, A. de, 283.

Morgan, J. de, 343, 369, 435, 444, 595-
Morse, H. B., 560.
Moses of Khorene, Armenian historian,

310 note i, 369, 377.
Mosul, manna of, 344.
Mu-ku-lan^ Mekran, 355.
Mu-lu, Chinese name of a city on the

eastern frontier of Parthia, 187.
Mukerji, N. G., 261, 397, 452.
Mulberry, 339, 582.
Miiller, F. W. K., 267, 290, 417, 461, 490

530, 572-574, 578, 589-
Mun ts'uan tsa yen, 227, 229.
Mungo bean, 585.
Munkacsi, B., 345, 574.
Muqaddasl, 255, 377, 425.
Musil, A., 287.
Musk, of China, 310 note i; traded in

Yun-nan, 469.
Musk flower, 193.
Muss-Arnolt, 226, 285, 459, 519, 542,

543-

Myrobalan, 378, 583.
Myrrh, 460-462.
Myrtle, 461.

Nagasaki, figs introduced into, 414..
Nan-ao, 469; cotton in, 491; peculiar

variety of pomegranate in, 286; se-se

in, 517; wild walnut in, 270.
Nan ao ye Si, 413, 471.
Nan ou i wu &, 317, 417, 464.
Nan 6ou ki, 247, 248, 250, 460-462, 480,

482, 483.
Nan Fan, Southern Barbarians, 358,

375, 49i-
Nan fan ts'ao mu cwan, 263, 329, 330-

332, 334, 375, 376, 388, 417, 464, 486,

543-

Nan hai yao p'u, 327.
Nan i i, 469.
Nan Man, se-se among women of the,

517.

Nan i, 490, 491, 493, 521, 523, 564.
Nan-tou, vine m, 222.
Nan Ts'i su, 282, 376.
Nan Yue &, 491, 510.
Nan yue hin ki, 330.
Nanjio, Bunyiu, 254, 303, 457.



Narcissus, 427-428; mentioned in Pah-

lavi literature, 192.
Needham, J. F., 492.
Needles, of gold, silver, and brass, 512.
Nepal, spinach introduced into China

from, 393.

Nicolaus of Damaskus, 247.
NizamI, 570.
Noldeke, T., 209, 390, 391, 427, 461, 493,

495, 530-533, 573, 582.
Nonsuch, 218.
Numerals of Malayan-Pose (Pasa)

language, 472-473-
Nun cen ts'uan u, 336.
Nun u, 307.
Nux-vomica, 448-450.

Oak-galls, 367-369.

Oak manna, 349.

Oakley, 218.

Odoric of Pordenone, 346, 352, 549,
590.

Oil, from walnuts, 266.

Okada, K., 501.

Olearius, A., 277, 337.

Olive, 415-419; absent in Bactria, 223;
in India, 239; in Pahlavi literature,
193. No other text regarding the
olive is known than that of the Yu yan
tsa tsu. Li Si-en (Pen ts'ao kan mu,
Ch. 31, p. lob) cites this single text
only, and is at a loss as to what to
make of this plant. He has added this
note as an appendix to the article on
mo-'u (*mwa-dzu), saying that the
ts'i-tun fruit is of the same kind.
G. Ferrand (Journal asiatique, 1916,
II, p 523) has identified the term
mo-Vu with Javanese maja, the fruit
of the Aegle marmelos.

Ono Ranzan, 204, 250, 260, 273, 293.

Onyx, 554.

Oppert, G., 527.

Oranges, method of storing, 231.

Ormuz, 346.

Osbeck, P., 238.

Ouseley, W., 372, 374, 479, 485, 507-

Pa-lai, locality in southern India, 240.

Pai pin fan, 381.

Palaka, Palakka, name of country, 397,

398.
Palembang, 470; p'o-so stone of, 526;

storax-oil of, 459.
Palestine, coriander in, 299.
Palladius, 315, 436, 509, 511.
Pallas, P. S., 523, 527.
Pallegoix, 299, 323, 332, 443, 476.
Pandanus, 192.
Panto; a, S. J., 433, 527.
Pao 6i lun, 197.
Pao p'u tse, 279.
Pao ts'an lun, 509, 515.



6io



GENERAL INDEX



Paper, 557-559. To the series of Indian
words (p. 558) add Kagmlrl kakaz.
The Uigur-Persian word has further
migrated into some Indo-Chinese (or,
as I now prefer to say, Sinic) lan-
guages, Siamese kadat and Kanaurl
kagll. All Sinic palatals are evolved
from dentals: thus Chinese i
("paper") is evolved from an older
*di. The ancient dental sonant is still
preserved in Miao ndou ("paper")
and in Pa-ten (a T'ai dialect) do; it
is changed into the dental surd or
aspirate in the Lo-lo dialects (Lo-lo-
p'o ta-vi, Nyi t'o-i, A-hi t'u-yi, P'u-p'a
Vo-zo) and in T'ai (White T'o *'*, Man
Ta-pan t'oi, White Meo tad}. All these
forms represent ancient loan-words
based on Old Chinese *di, while Ahom
li was apparently derived from Chi-
nese ci at a more recent date.

Paper money, 559^563.

Parchment, as writing-material in Persia,
563-564.

Parker, E. H., 187, 204, 456, 469, 471,

565-

Parkinson, John, 353, 396, 589.
Parrenin, D., S. J., 238.
Parthia, 187, 210, 284, 372, 457, 488,

564-

Patkanov, K. P., 525.

Pauthier, G., 218.

Pea, 305-307-

Peach, in India, 240, 540; variety of,
introduced into China from Sogdiana,
379; transmitted from China to the
west, 539.

Pear, in India, 240; wild, in Persia, 246.

Pegoletti, 252, 496, 509, 593.

Pei hu lu, 196, 264, 268-270, 282, 324-
327, 330, 334, 335, 385, 393, 400, 479,
11, 526,536,537.

Pei pien pei tui, 326.

Pei Ian tsiu kin, 234.

Pei si, 286, 322, 343, 345, 460, 506, 516.

Pei-t'in, 488.

Pelliot, P., 185, 186, 191, 195, 198, 211,
214, 222, 230, 235, 236, 248, 264, 268,
269, 282, 303, 306, 318, 322, 330, 344,
357, 376, 423, 428, 436, 437, 443, 456,
457, 462, 464, 466-471, 478, 479, 489,
491, 494, 495, 526, 527, 529, 531, 538,
540, 543, 566, 568, 569, 575, 591.

Pemberton, 261.

Pen kin, 401, 548.

Pen kin fun yuan, 229.

Pen ts'ao hui pien, 557.

Pen ts'ao kan mu, 196, 198, 200, 201,
204, 206, 214, 217, 226, 228, 229, 233,
236, 237, 242, 254, 256-258, 265, 270,
273, 288, 295, 297, 298, 300, 302, 303,
305, 3io, 312, 317, 330, 335, 336, 341,
344, 348, 351, 358, 359, 36i, 363, 365,



371, 374, 378, 380, 381, 385, 387, 392,

393, 399, 400, 402, 403, 407, 410, 420,

422, 423, 426, 427, 433, 439-441, 448,

459-461, 470, 471, 475, 482, 485, 491,

504, 508, 509, 512, 515, 516, 519, 526,

527, 551, 553, 557, 558, 566, 588, 592.
Pen ts'ao kan mu si i, 229, 236, 242, 252,

263, 311, 312, 394, 429, 434.
Pen ts'ao kin, 307.
Pen ts'ao pie wo, 359, 360, 470.
Pen ts'ao si i, 197, 233, 247, 248, 280, 297,

298, 300, 306, 386, 402, 420, 423.
Pen ts'ao yen i, 204, 217, 223, 232, 233,

265, 280, 288, 313, 351, 402, 446, 460,

470, 478, 505, 509, 524, 526.
Pepper, 201, 374~375, 435, 479, 583, 584-
Periplus, 486, 524.
Perrot, E., 312, 319, 328, 361, 404, 407,

417, 449, 482, 583.
Persepolis, inscription of, 210, 383.
Persian Pharmacology, Indian elements

in, 580-585.
P6tillon, C., 216.
Peyssonel, 523.

Philippines, Semecarpus in, 482.
Phillott, D. C., 253.
Philostratus, 390.
Pi e'en, 229.
Pie lu, 196, 201, 211, 227, 279, 291, 335,

381, 401, 463, 526, 548.
Pie pen 6u, 504 note 3.
Pien tse lei pien, 439, 458, 459.
Pierlot, M. L., 492.
Pilau, 372.

Pistachio, 193, 246-253.
Pliny, 208, 246, 281, 290, 294, 299, 309,

317, 339, 353, 355, 364, 366, 367, 376,

403, 404, 411, 416, 424, 432, 447, 453,

455, 46i, 475, 486, 488, 522-525, 541,

548, 586.
Po-ki, 566.

Po ku t'u lu, 226, 517.
Po-lin, name of a country, 393.
Po-se, Chinese name of Parsa, Persia,

203.
Po-se, Pa-sa, a Malayan country and

people, 203, 269, 375, 384, 424, 460,

462, 465, 466, 468-487.
Po wu &, 258, 259, 263, 278, 282, 284,

297, 302, 310, 324.
Pognon, H., 529, 530, 542.
Polo, Marco, 236, 247, 319, 380, 455,

474, 496, 521, 543, 549, 560, 563, 564,

593 ; new identification of his saffron of

Fu-kien, 311.
Polyaenus, 247.

Pomegranate, 193, 205, 276-287, 574.
Pompey, 432, 486.

Pondicherry, French viticulture at, 241.
Portuguese, asbestos of Macao, 501;

fig introduced into Japan by, 414.
Posidonius, 224, 246.
Potanin, 527.



GENERAL INDEX



611



Pott, F. A., 249, 370, 421, 503, 545, 587.

Powder, of white lead, 201.

Poyarkov, 267.

Procopius, 224.

Przyluski, J., 321, 512.

Psoralea, 483-485.

Ptolemy, 473.

Putchuck, 462-464.

Pyrard, F., 338, 370, 421, 465, 556.

P'an an, 271.
P'an san ci, 259, 271.
P'an Yo, 280, 285.
P'ei wen cai kwari k'un fan p'u, 259.
P'ei wen yiin fu, 475, 512, 566.
P'en C'en, 401.
P'i ya, 323.

P'in ts'uan san ku ts'ao mu ki, 527.
P'o-lo-men, country along the frontier
of Burma, 46 8-470, 494.

Qara-Khoja, asafcetida of, 358; manna
of, 346; wine of, 236.

eazwlnl, 552, 554.
uatremere, 556.

Rabelais, 203.

Radloff, W., 256, 565, 572, 574, 592.

Raisins, 231.

Ramsay, H., 362, 577.

Rape- turnip, 381.

Raquette, G., 579.

RaSid-eddin, 564.

Rauwolf, L., 546, 550.

Ray, P. C., 513-

Reil, T., 428, 495.

Reinach, L. de, 408.

Reinaud, M., 232, 248, 282, 407, 413,

506, 553.
Re"musat, Abel, 499, 508, 526, 531, 538,

565, 572, 574-
Rhubarb, 547-551.
Rice, 372-373.
Ricinus, 403-404 1482.
Richthofen, F. v., 190, 535, 538.
Riley, 586.

Risley, H. H., 235, 261.
Ritter, C., 377.
Rock-crystal, cups of, from Sogdiana,

494-
Rockhill, W. W., 202, 260, 262, 269, 317,

345, 355, 390, 405, 487 493. 497, 5,
519, 527, 562.



Roediger, R., 249, 370, 421, 503, 545.
Rom, Rim, transcription of, in Chinese,

437-
Rose, in the Lo-yu gardens, 217; in

Pahlavi literature, 194.
"Rose of China," 551.
Ross, Sir E. D., 199, 278, 497, 498.
Rosteh, Ibn, 492.
Roxburgh, W., 261, 381, 397, 405, 421,

452, 484, 544, 582, 584, 585, 587.



Rubruck, 496, 564.

Rugs, with gold threads, 488; woollen,

492-493-

Rum, in plant-names, 384, 497, 498.
Rumphius, 290.

Ruska, J., 511-513, 527, 528, 554, 555-
Russia, alfalfa in, 219.
Russian Turkistan, pistachio in, 246;

sesame in, 291.

Sa-la, Lo-lo word for tree-cotton, re-
corded by Chinese in the fifth century,
491.

Saba, Queen of, 430, 431.

Saburo, S., 560.

Sachau, E., 530.

Sacy, Silvestre de, 432.

Safflower, 324-328; confounded by Chi-
nese with saffron, 310; saffron adul-
terated with, 309.

Saffron, 193, 309-323.

Sainson, C., 413, 471.

Sakharov, 416.

Sal ammoniac, 503-508.

Salamander, 500, 501.

Salemann, C., 496, 530, 532, 565, 573.

Saltpetre, 503, 555.

Salts, of various colors, 511.

Samarkand, amber from, 522; jasmine
of, 332; manna of, 345, rhubarb of,
550.

San fu hwan t'u, 263, 334, 417.

San kwo &, 313.

San ts'ai t'u hui, 507.

San K'in, 322.

"Sand-pot," peculiar kind of pottery,

234-

Sandal- wood, exported from India, 318,
374 SS 2 , 584. See the recent discus-
sion of S. Le"vi, Journal asiatique, 1918,
I, pp. 104-111.

Sanguinetti, 282, 552.

Sanskrit, no word for "alfalfa" known
in, 214; method of treating plant-
names in Chinese dictionaries of
215-216.

Sapan-wood, in Pahlavi literature, 193.

Sargent, C. S., 266, 271.

Sarkar, B. K., 240.

Sasanian Government, titles of, 529-534.

Satow, E., 535.

Savel'ev, 492.

Savina, F. M., 404.

Scarlet, 498.

Schefer, Ch., 547, 561.

Scherzer, K. v., 408.

Schiefner, A., 260, 321, 572.

Schiltberger, J., 373.

Schlegel, G., 199, 408.

Schlimmer, J. L., 200, 206, 209, 249, 251,
298, 304, 306, 308, 320, 337, 344, 347-
349, 363, 365, 369, 370, 381, 383, 391,
402, 405, 416, 425, 428, 447, 449, 454,



6l2



GENERAL INDEX



455, 460, 479, 48i, 525, 544, 556, 565,

587-

Schmidt, I. J., 235, 572.
Schmidt, P., 473.
Schmidt, P., 538.
Schmidt, R., 352.
Schoff, W. H., 524, 541.
Schott, W., 251, 252, 257, 341, 344, 491,

508, 574.
Schrader, O., 208, 220, 240, 249, 274,

285, 369, 386, 395, 411, 461, 513, 538,

542, 548, 582.
Schrenck, L. v., 267.
Schumann, C., 542, 543.
Schwarz, P., 255, 332, 377, 425, 500, 507,

511, 512.

Schweinfurth, G., 337, 453.
Scott, J. G., 563.
Scythians, hemp brought from Asia to

Europe by, 294.
Se-2'wan, aconite of, 379; brassica of,

380; flax in, 295; kidney bean in, 308;

Psoralea in, 484; species of Curcuma

in, 313; square bamboo of, 536; sugar

imported into, 376; walnut in, 266;

wild pepper of, 375.
Se S'wan t'un &, 501.
Seals, made from walnut shells, 268.
Seidel, E., 320, 347, 349, 368, 369, 402,

443, 446, 522, 551.
Seligmann, R., 194.
Seres, name not connected with a

Chinese word for "silk," 538. I have

meanwhile found what I believe is

the correct derivation of the word, on

which I hope to report in the near

future.
Sesame, in Chinese records, 288-293; * n

Pahlavi literature, 193.
Seth, Symeon, 586.
Shagreen, 575.
Shah, acorn of, 369; basil named for, 586;

cummin of, 384.
Shahrokia, 355, 358.
Shallot, 303-304.

Shaw, R. B., 213, 214, 256, 261, 565.
Shiratori, 326.
Shiraz, galbanum of, 366; fenugreek of,

447; jasmine oil of, 332; wine of, 241.
Si-fan, 200, 20 1, 310.
Si Fan, Western Barbarians (not Tibe-
tans), 341, 344.
Si ho kiu i, 326.
Si kin tsa ki, 217, 262.
Si Si ki, 520.
Si Ts'o-S'i, 325, 326.
Si Wan Mu, 232.
Si yan S'ao kun tien lu, 563.
Si yu ki, 355.
Si yu lu, 286.
Si ^u wen kien lu, 341.
Si-zun, in names of Iranian plants,

synonymous with Hu, 203.



Si 2un, 313, 339, 367, 374~376, 380, 465,
481, 482, 504, 509 note 10. See also



Siam, a-wei ascribed to, 360 note 2;

coriander in, 299; dye-stuff of, 316;

nux-vomica of, 449; Psoralea in, 484

note 5; wine from sugar in, 376 note

5-

Sian kwo ki, 281.
Siao Tse-hien, 282.
Siberia, alfalfa in, 219; Conioselinum in,

200.

Sickenberger, 587.
Sie Lin-ft, 216.
Sie lo yu yuan, 268.
Silk, 537-539-
Silphion, 208, 355.
Sin-ra, in Korea, mint of, 198; pine of,

269; silver of, 510.
Sin Wu Tai i, 516.
Sina, Ibn, 551.
Slraf, 374, 377 note 2.
Skattschkoff, C. de, 218.
Smith, A. H., 234.
Smith, F. P., 201, 279, 304, 310, 336, 365,

395, 426, 436, 474, 484, 505.
Smith, V. A., 540, 569.
Socotra, Punica protopunica of, 277.
Sogdiana, 494; basil of, 588; peach of,

379; pistachio in, 246; sal ammoniac

of, 504, 506; se-se of, 516; visited by

Can K'ien, 211; viticulture in, 221.
Soleiman, 231, 232, 282, 407, 413, 553.
Solinus, 486, 525.
Soltania, Archbishop of, 419.
Soubeiran, J. L., 475.
Soulie", G., 491, 520.
Spain, basil brought by Arabs to, 587;

spinach cultivated from end of

eleventh century in, 395.
Spelter, 555.
Spiegel, F., 240, 254, 277, 416, 443, 537,

570-

Spinach, 392-398.
Spinden, H. J., 440.
Spinel, 575.
Sprengling, M., 435.
Square bamboo, 535~537.
Stachelberg, R. v., 209.
Stalactites, 21.
Stapleton, H. E., 505.
Steel, 515, 575.

Stein, Sir M. A., 214, 230, 255, 549, 562.
Steingass, F., 249, 299, 490, 495, 525,

53i, 545, 55i, 552, 555-
Storax, 456-460.
Storbeck, 389.
Strabo, 208, 212, 222-225, 239, 246, 290,

355, 372, 390, 405, 412, 431, 462, 541-
Strange, G. le, 277, 294, 332, 374, 390,

428, 479.
Strychnine tree, 448.



GENERAL INDEX



Stuart, G. A., 195-197, 200, 216, 236,
251, 258, 260, 269, 279, 288, 292, 298,
300, 303-305, 3io, 312-314, 324, 328,
331, 334-336, 343, 344, 348, 35i, 358,
360, 361, 365, 379, 382-384, 388, 393,
394, 399-401, 403, 406, 410, 418, 421,
426, 428, 439, 446, 448, 456, 458, 464,

478, 482, 484, 485, 491, 544, 551, 583,
588.

Stuhlmann, F., 353.
Stummer, A., 220.
Stumpf, B. K., S. J., 238.
Sty-rax benjoin, 464-467.
Su &>u fu ft, 228.
Su Han Su, 456.

Su Kun, 200, 201, 228, 313, 340, 358, 359,
374-376, 380, 400, 403, 464, 465, 478,

479, 504, 508, 510, 524.
Su K'ien Su, 527, 537.
Su Kwan-k'i, 336.
Su-le, 376 note 2, 498.

Su Piao, 247, 460, 482, 483.

Su po wu i, 242, 401.

Su Sun, 195-198, 200, 228, 257-259, 264,
265, 280, 288, 313, 341, 358, 359, 384,
403, 446, 460, 464, 480, 482, 483, 504,
505, 508.

Su Tin, 234.

Su Yi-kien, 561.

Suarez, J., S. J., 238.

Sugar, 376-377, 576, 584, 596.

Sugar beet, 399-400.

Sui u, 1 86, 201, 221, 306, 320, 343, 370,
372, 374, 376, 378, 379, 385, 455-457,
460, 462, 467, 470, 485, 487-490, 493,
496, 503, 505, 5io, 511, 515, 5i6, 521,
525, 529, 530, 552.

Sulphur, 575.

Sumatra, aloes from, 480; cassia pods of,
420; p'o-so stone of, 526; Styrax
benjoin of, 465.

Sun Mien, 297.

Sun Se-miao, 198, 303, 306.

Sun mo ki wen, 440.

Sun i, 311, 360, 408, 471, 494.

Sun u, 280, 281, 491, 499.

Swallow of the Hu, 199.

Swingle, W. T., 195, 620.

Syria, wine of, 224. See Fu-lin.

Sa-li-Sen, envoy from the Malayan Po-se,

x 477-
Sahnameh, 224.

San hai kin, 536.

San hwa hien &, 410, 451.

San ku sin hwa, 515.

San-si, flax of, 295; grape- wine of, 236-
237; raisins produced in, 231.

San- tun, square bamboo in, 537; wal-
nuts of, 266, 267.

San tun fun &, 266, 537.

San cou tsun G, 266.



San-se ou, grapes of, 232 note 2.

San-se ou ci, 409, 418.

Sen Hwai-yiian, 491.

Sen Kwa, 289.

Sen Nun, 548.

Sen-si, alfalfa abundant in, 217; walnuts

of, 265.

Sen-si t'un ci, 484.
Si Hu, 280, 306.
Si i lu, 300.

Si ki, 191, 194, 221, 231, 326, 537.
Si kin, 216.

Si leu kwo 6'un ts'iu, 232.
Si liao pen ts'ao, 233, 265, 273, 292, 297,

303,376.
Si Lo, taboo placed on plant-names by,

298, 588.

Si min, 201, 493, 558.
Si sin pen ts'ao, 198.
Si wu ki yuan, 279, 292, 298, 300, 441.
Si yao er ya, 504, 507.
Su i ki, 217.
Su kien, 468.
Su pen ts'ao, 340.

Swi kin cu, 264, 322, 323, 341, 509.
Swo wen, 322, 323, 376.

al-Ta'alibl, 571.

Ta-ho, explanation of name, 186.

Ta Min, 201, 313, 340, 483, 484.

Ta Min i t'un &, 201, 251, 275, 323, 345,

368, 406, 480, 520, 522.
Ta Tail leu tien, 512, 521.
Ta Tan si yu ki, 240, 282, 304, 412, 488,

Ta Ts'in, the Hellenistic Orient, alum
from, 475; amber of, 521; coral of,
524; costus of, 464; jasmine and henna
from, 329-330, 334; musicians and
jugglers from, 489; rugs of, 492;
storax of, 456; yu-kin, growing in, 318.

Ta ye i i lu, 300.

Ta Yue-&, see Yue-ci.

Tabashir, 350-352.

Taboo, in the word hu-p'o (amber), 521
note 9; plant-names changed in con-
sequence of, 198, 298, 300, 306, 588.

Tacitus, 432.

Takakusu, 317, 359, 379. 382, 469,
470.

Tamarind, 582.

Tamarisk, 339, 348, 367.

Tamarisk manna, 348.

Tan k'ien tsun lu, 331, 441.

Tanaka, T., 207; note on fei zan by, 260
note 2; notice on grape-vine trans-
lated from Japanese by, 243-245;
notice on walnut translated from Japa-
nese by, 272-275.

Tao i & Ho, 344, 510, 519.



6i4



GENERAL INDEX






Tashkend, pulse of, 306; rice in, 372;
wine in, 221.

Tavernier, 241, 242, 406, 477, 478.

Tea, 553-554- The request of an envoy
from Arabia for tea-leaves (p. 554)
meets its counterpart in a similar docu-
ment recently translated by Sir E. D.
Ross (New China Review, Vol. I, p. 40),
who observes, "It is curious to note
from these memorials that tea, which
was first brought to Europe toward the
end of the sixteenth century, appears
to have been in demand in Arabia
long before that period." The ancient
Chinese form of the word for "tea"
was *da, which, like all initial dental
sonants, could pass into the palatal
series (hence mediaeval Chinese *dza
and dialect of Wu dzo), or could be
changed into the dental surd (hence
dialect of Fu-kien ta, the source of
our word "tea"; Korean ta, An-
namese tra).

Tenasserim, Memecylon of, 315; wine
of, 286.

Terebinthus, 246, 431.

Textiles, Persian, 488-502.

Theophrastus, 208, 239, 246, 281, 355,
364, 367, 390, 403, 427, 428, 430-432,
447, 453, 455, 462, 486, 518, 539, 54',
542, 548, 586.

Theophylactus Simocatta, 532.

Thiers, 438.

Thomas, F. W., 545, 592.

Thomsen, V., 592.

Ti li fun su ki, 322.

Tibet, alfalfa unknown in, 218; almond
in, 405; borax and tincal of, 503;
Brassica of, 381; rhubarb of, 549;
saffron imported into China from, 310;
saffron not cultivated in, 312; sal
ammoniac of, 506; salt of, 201 ; se-se of,
516; woollen stuffs of, 497.

Tien hai yu hen &, 228, 266, 315, 360,
463, 466, 512, 520, 568.

Tien hi, 491.

Tigris, 1 86.

Tincal, 503.

Tobar, J S. J., 533, 564.

Tomaschek, W., 212-214, 225, 226, 248,
261, 495, 496, 540.

Tonking, ebony of, 485.

Tootnague, 555.

Tou Kin, 378.

Trigonella, in Pahlavi literature, 194.

Tse yuan, 298 note I.

Tsen tin kwan yu ki, 251.

Tsi yun, 199.

Tsin kun ko min, 263.

Tsin Lun nan k'i ku cu, 280.

Tsin su, 221, 259, 260.

Tsiu-mo, vine in, 222.

Tsiu p'u, 378.



Tso Se, 280.

Tsuboi, K., 472, 474, 495.

Tsufi kin yin nie lun, 291.

Tu i ft, 279.

Tu Pao, 300.

Tu yan tsa pien, 517.

Tu Yu, 339.

Tulip, 192.

Tun-hwan, grape- wine of, 232; vine

growing in, 226.
Tun si yan k'ao, 360, 526.
Tun-sun, 286.

Turf an, 232, 511 ; co^on-stuffs of, 492.
Turkistan, grapes of, 229-230; originally

inhabited by Iranian tribes, from the

end of the fourth '. entury settled by

Turks, 233.
Turmeric, 309-323.
Turner, W., 261, 396^
Turquois, 519-520.
Twan C'en-Si, 247, 3;' 15, 364, 407, 423,

424, 430, 478, 479.
Twan Kun-lu, 264, 334, 335, 479.

T'ai p'in hwan yu ki, 187, 222, 223, 265,
269, 306, 339, 343, 358, 370, 372, 376,
378, 379, 38i, 389, 390, 399, 402, 438,
455, 459, 46o, 468, 475, 489, 493, 496,
503, 5". 515, 517, 530, S3', 552.

T'ai p'in yu Ian, 195, 217, 222, 228, 231-
233, 258-260, 264, 270, 280, 281, 292,
305, 307, 393- 457, 46?', 469, 536.

T'ai Tsun, emperor, instrumental in the
introduction of foreign vegetables into
China, 303, 394, 400; method of mak-
ing grape- wine introduced under reign
of, 232; promoting sugar-industry,
377; spinach introduced from Nepal
under reign of, 393; variety of
peach introduced under reign of, 379.

T'ai-yuan fu, production of wine in, 236.

T'an, country, 489.

T'an hui yao, 232, 304, 317, 377, 379,
393,400,402,478,499.

T'an lei han, 285.

T'an pen cu, 367, 458.

T'an pen ts'ao, 227, 233, 29, 340, 367,
375, 376, 403, 508. '

T'an Sen-wei, 204, 250, 258^380, 392.

T'an i, 306.

T'an su, 221, 222, 318, 38. , 393, 402,
489, 494, 499, 511, 516, 5x7, 525, 593.

T'an su i yin, 489. ,

T'an Sun pai k'un leu fie, 250, 260, 265.

T'an Ts'ui, 228, 360, 512, 52 " 568.

T'an yun, 297, 302.

T'ao Hun-kin, 200, 21 1, 227 279, 281,
288, 289, 292, 302, 325, 335, 400, 442,
458, 543, 557, 558, 588. :

T'ao hun kin cu, 442.

T'ao Ku, 401.

T'ien lu i yu, 411.

Ts'ai Fan-pin, 251.



GENERAL INDEX



615



Ts'ai Lun, 563.

Ts'ai Yin, 281 note 7.

Ts'ai Yun, 565.'

Ts'ao Cao, 497.

Ts'ao mu tse, 237, 442.

Ts'e fu yuan kwei, 304, 379, 393, 400,

402, 494, 506.
Ts'i min yao s"u, 191, 211, 230, 247, 258,

263, 268, 278-281, 288, 297, 300, 311,
324, 442, 588.

Ts'ien Han su, 187 216, 222, 326, 339,

521, 523,525, 56 v
Ts'ien kin fan, 198, 306.
Ts'ien lian lu, 232.
Ts'in i lu, 401, 40:*.
Ts'in wen pu hui, . 16.
Ts'uan pu t'un &, 562.
Ts'ui Fan, 512.

Ts'ui Pao, 242, 28 , 302, 325, 485.
T'u kin pen ts'a< , 195, 196, 198, 257,

264, 288, 341, t ;.6, 483, 504, 524.
T'un 6i, 196, 199, ^89, 323, 327, 348, 392.
T'un su wen, 381. '

T'un tien, 339.
T'un ya, 260.

Uigur, borax and sal ammoniac sent by,
506; coriander cultivated by, 298; pea
attributed to, 306; taught the Chinese
the process of making grape-wine,
232-233; yitf ulture of, 223; water-
melon cultivaced by, 438, 439.

Uzbeg, 346.

Valle, Pietro della, 567.

Vambe-ry, H., 214, 233, 345, 444, 527.

Varro, 586.

Vegetables, five, of strong odor, 298, 303.

Veliaminof-Zernof, 565.

Veltman, 502.

Venice, rhubarb traded to, 550.

Verbiest, P., S. J., 434.

Veselovski, 502.

Vespasian, 432.

Vetch, 307.

Vial, P., 226, 404, 492.

Vigne, G. T. 216.

Vigouroux, 3 16.

Vinegar, ma e from grapes, 233.

Violet, ment oned in Pahlavi literature,

192.

Vissering, V T ., 562.
Viticulture, of uniform origin, 220.
Vullers, T. A., 249, 301, 304, 566.

Waddell, L A., Lieut.-Col., 262, 299,

558

Wai kwo 6wan, 489.
Ws/nut, history of, 254-275; in Pahlavi

literature, 193; mentioned by Can Ki,

205.
Walrus, referred to in Chinese Gazetteer

of Macao, 567.



Walrus ivory, 565-568.

WamyO-ruiju0, 244.

Wan, a monk from Fu-lin, 359, 424.

Wan Cen, 317.

Wan Sou gen tien, 238.

Wan Cen, 307.

Wan C'un, 523.

Wan Fu, 517.

Wan Hao-ku, 198.

Wan Ki, 557-

Wan Si-mou, 256, 265, 308, 394.

Wan Su-ho, 205.

Wan Ta-yuan, 344, 510, 519.

Wan Tso, 497.

Wan Ts'un, 471.

Wan Yen-te, 344, 508 note.

Wan 2en-yu, 527.

Water-lily, 193.

Water-melon, 438-445.

Watt, G., 200, 209, 214, 222, 246, 249,
253, 261, 291, 294, 301, 309, 311, 315,
321, 338, 342, 347, 349, 350, 357, 365-

367, 371, 375, 38o, 383, 391, 405, 425,
426, 445, 451, 452, 455, 462, 475, 478,
483, 484, 541, 544, 547, 55i, 583-585,
588.

Watters, T., 213, 285, 304, 311, 326, 329,

368, 374, 383, 395, 406-408, 410, 434,

491, 497, 505, 513, 519, 540, 592, 593-
Weber, A., 447.
Wei hun fu su, 588.

Wei lio, 332, 456, 492, 499, 517, 521, 524.
Wei si wen kien ki, 520 note 4.
Wei 2u, 201, 239, 320, 322, 343, 372,

374, 385, 456, 462, 487, 498, 500, 516,

52i. 530, 531-533-
Wen Cen-hen, 496 note 8.
Wen hien t'un k'ao, 191.
Wen yu kien p'in, 394.
West, E. W., 192, 255, 307, 489, 521, 530.
Westgate, J. M., 208.
Wheat, staple food of ancient Persians,

372.
Wiedemann, E., 309, 431, 524, 528, 545,

555, 556.

Wieger, L., 231, 236, 260, 280, 306.
Wiesner, J., 559, 562.
Williams, S. W., 361, 425, 426, 499.
Wilson, 266.
Wine, from flowers, 378; from palms,

290; from pomegranate juice, 286; see

grape- wine.

Woenig, F., 299, 337, 400, 453.
Wood, 521.
Woodville, W., 317.
Wu, emperor of Han dynasty, 210.
Wu, mint of, 198.
Wu-hai, envoy from the Malayan Po-se,

477-

Wu Kun, 217, 262, 263.
Wu K'i-tsun, 197, 218, 306, 307, 388,

413, 463, 484.
Wu k siao 1, 519,



6i6



GENERAL INDEX



Wu lu ti li Si, 268.
Wu P'u, 548.

Wu i pen ts'ao, 200, 292, 526.
Wu Si wai kwo Si, 264.
Wu-sun, horses of the, 210.
Wu Tai hui yao, 506.
Wu Tai i, 298, 439, 445, 488.
Wu tsa tsu, 229, 230, 252.
Wu Tse-mu, 229, 282.
Wu Zen-kie, 195.
Wu Zui, 441.

Wylie, A., 205, 234, 251, 254, 262, 265,
281, 306, 325, 339, 341, 434, 468, 562.

Xenophon, 223, 224.

Xerxes, 412, 488.

Xwarism > dancing-girls of, 494.

Yamanasi, principal vine-district of
Japan, 244.

Yamato honzO, 204, 316, 399, 414, 445.

Yan Huan-Si, 217.

Yan-sa-lo, 389.

Yan Sen, 413, 441, 471.

Yan Yu, 515.

Yao Min-hwi, 295.

Yao Se-lien, 316.

Yao sin lun, 280.

Yaqut, 320, 373, 377, 389, 425, 497, 507,
509, 547-

Yarkand, 231.

Yarkhoto, 343.

Yates, 488.

Yavana, Indian designation of Greeks
and other foreigners, Chinese tran-
scription of, 211 (cf. also Pelliot, Bull,
de I'Ecole frangaise, Vol. Ill, p. 341);
wine of, 241.

Yaxartes, 516; transcription of name in
Chinese, 530.

Ye, in Ho-nan, pomegrante of, 280, 281.

Ye Sun ki, 280, 306.

Ye-lu C'u-ts'ai, 278, 286.

Ye T'in-kwei, 363, 459.

Ye Tse-k'i, 237, 265, 442.

Yemen, nux-vomica of, 449.

Yen-Si Mountain, 326.

YenSi-ku, 211, 227, 339.

Yezd, pistachio of, 249; wine of, 241.

Yi ts'ie kin yin i, 240, 258, 297, 315, 457,
489, 492.

Yi Tsin, 317, 359, 379, 380, 382.

Yi wu Si, 524.

Yin-p'in, walnuts of, 264, 268.

Yin san Sen yao, 236, 252, 303, 305, 361,

Yin Sao, 322.

Yin yai en Ian, 405, 443, 497.



Yo Si, 265.
Yu k'ie i ti lun, 457.
Yu-lin district, 322.
Yu sie i Sun su, 326.
Yu ti yun u, 278.
Yu-wen Tin, 229.

Yu yan tsa tsu, 204, 228, 242, 247, 248,
264, 265, 270, 278, 283, 330-332, 334,

345, 349, 358, 363, 365, 367-369, 374,
385, 386, 399, 400, 407, 4io, 412, 413,
415, 417, 418, 420, 421, 423, 427-429,
432, 433, 435, 46i, 462, 466, 473, 476,
478, 479.

Yu yen wan su, 326.

Yu-yue, not a transcription of Yavana,

211.

Yuan, Emperor, 222, 417.

Yuan S'ao pi i, 495.

Yuan kien lei han, 280-282.

Yuan i, 217, 496, 518, 519, 533, 562.

Yuan tien San, 236.

Yuan Wen, 394.

Yuan Yin, 258.

Yue-Si, 21 1 ; wine of, 222.

Yule, H., 236, 252, 310, 311, 319, 324,

346, 352, 377, 419, 442, 455, 474, 496,
497, 503, 509, 521, 528, 539, 544-546,
549, 552-555, 56o, 564, 565, 583, 590,
593-

Yun Ho, 298 note I.

Yun-nan, Ai-lao of, 489; amber of, 523;
ancient trade-route to India, 535;
asafcetida in, 359, 360 note 2; cassia
of, 425; costus root of, 463; cotton of,
491; ebony of, 485; fig of, 413-414; in
communication with Ta Ts'in by way
of India, 489; pepper of, 375; pome-
granate of, 286; precious stones of,
568; silver of, 510; spikenard of, 456;
square bamboo of, 535; Styrax ben-
join of, 466; t'ou-s"i of, 512; turquois-
mines of, 519, 520; walnut in, 266;
wild walnut in, 267, 270.

Yun-nan ki, 231.

Zanzibar, ginger of, 545, 583.
Zedoary, 544.
Zimmer, H., 455.
Zinc, 511-515, 555.
Zoroaster, 525.
Zotenberg, H., 571.

Zamtsarano, 564.

Zen Fan, 217.

Zi hwa Su kia pen ts'ao, 483.

Zi yun pen ts'ao, 441.

, 200, 201, 305, 306, 313, 367-



BOTANICAL INDEX



Abrus precatorius 215

Acacia catechu 481

Aconitum ferox 582

Aconitum fischeri 379

Acorus calamus 583

Actea spicata 400

Agallochum 463

Aleurites triloba 263, 408

Alhagi camelorum 346, 347

Alhagi maurorum 347

Allium ascalonicum 304

Allium fistulosum 303

Allium odorum 483, 484

Allium porrum 304

Allium sativum 302, 427

Allium scorodoprasum 205, 259, 302

Aloe abyssinica 480

Aloe perryi 480

Aloe vulgaris 480

Aloexylon agallochum 580

Alpinia galanga 545, 546

Alpinia globosum 242

Alpinia officinarum 546

Althaea rosea 551

Altingia excelsa 459

Amarantus 195

Amomum 482

Amomum granum paradisi 584

Amomum melegueta 584

Amomum villosum 481

Amomum xanthioides 481

Amomum zingiber 545

Amygdalus cochinchinensis 407

Amygdalus communis 405, 406

Amygdalus coparia 405

Amygdalus persica 539

Amyris 543

Amyris gileadensis 429, 430

Andropogon nardoides 455

Angelica anomala 358

Angelica decursiva 196

Antiaris 450

Apium graveolens 401 , 402

Apium petroselinum 102

Aplotaxis auriculata 464

Apocynum syriacum 349

Areca catechu 584

Aristolochia kaempferi 464

Artocarpus integrifolia 479

Astragalus adscendens 348

Astragalus florulentus 348

Atraphaxis spinosa 347

Atriplex L. 397

Atropa belladonna 585

Atropa mandragora 585

Aucklandia costus 462



Averrhoa carambola 415

Baliospermum montanum 583

Balsamodendron giliadense 429

Balsamodendron mukul 462, 467

Balsamodendron pubescens 462, 467

Bambusa arundinacea 350

Bambusa quadrangularis 535

Barkhausia 200

Barkhausia repens 199

Basella rubra 324-328, 336

Benincasa cerifera 439, 443, 445

Beta bengalensis 397

Beta maritima 397

Beta vulgaris 399, 400

Betula alba 553

Bombax malabaricum 491

Borassus flabelliformis 536

Boswellia 470

Boswellia serrata 467

Boswellia thurifera 585

Brassica capitata 381

Brassica caulozapa 381

Brassica cypria 380

Brassica marina 380

Brassica napus 381

Brassica rapa 199, 381

Brassica rapa-depressa 381, 429

Brassica silvestris 380

Broussonetia papyrifera 558, 560

Brunella vulgaris 200

Bupleurum falcatum 196

Butea frondosa 328

Caesalpinia bonducella 583

Camellia oleifera 251

Camellia theifera 553, 554

Canarium album 417

Canarium commune 269, 479

Canarium pimela 417

Canavallia ensiformis 426

Cannabis sativa 289, 291, 403, 562, 582

Capsella bursa-pastoris 427

Cardamomum malabaricum 585

Cardamomum minus 585

Carthamus tinctorius 309, 310, 312, 318,

324, 325, 327, 393
Carum bulbpcastanum 383
Carum carui 383, 384
Gary a cathayensis 271 f
Caryophyllus aromaticus 222, 584
Cassia fistula 421-426, 472
Cassia tora 582
Castanea vulgaris 369
Catalpa bungei 271
Cathartocarpus 425



617



6i8



BOTANICAL INDEX



Cathartocarpus fistula 421
Cedrus deodara 583
Ceratonia siliqua 424
Chamaerops excelsa 387
Chavica betel 375
Chavica roxburghii 375
Chenopodium botrys 226
Cichorium 400-402
Cichorium endivia 401
Cinnamomum cassia 323, 543
Cinnamomum tamala 583
Cinnamomum zeylanicum 541
Citrullus vulgaris 438
Citrus chirocarpus 260
Citrus grandis 195, 280, 415
Citrus medica 301, 420, 581
Cnidium monnieri 329
Cocos nucifera 585
Commiphora opobalsamum 429
Commiphora roxburghii 467
Conioselinum univittatum 200
Convolvulus reptans 395
Convolvulus scammonia 584
Convolvulus turpethum 584
Coptis teeta 199, 546, 547
Corallium rubrum 523
Coriandrum sativum 297
Corydalis ambigua 197
Corylus heterophylla 247
Costus amarus 584
Costus speciosus 584
Cotoneaster nummularia 347
Crocus sativus 309-312, 314, 316
Crocus tibetanus (alleged name,

species does not exist) 312
Croton jamalgota 583
Croton polyandrus 583
Croton tiglium 448, 583
Cucumis melo 440, 443
Cucumis sativus 300
Cucurbita citrullus 438
Cucurbitacea 301, 440, 463
Cuminum cyminum 383
Curcuma aromatica 583
Curcuma leucorrhiza 312, 313
Curcuma longa 312-314, 318
Curcuma pallida 313
Curcuma petiolata 313
Curcuma zedoaria 313, 544, 583
Cycas reyoluta 386, 388
Cydonia indica (doubtful name) 584
Cydonia vulgaris 584

Datura 585
Datura metel 582
Daucus carota 451-453
Daucus maximus 453
Diospyros ebenaster 486
Diospyros ebenum 485
Diospyros embryopteris 215
Diospyros kaki 215, 234
Diospyros lotus 435
Diospyros melanoxylon 485



this



Diospyros tomentosa 588
Dorema anchezi 365
Dryobalanops aromatica 478

Elaeagnus longipes 197
Elaeagnus pungens 197
Elettaria cardamomum 585
Embelia ribes 582
Emblica officinalis 581
Eriobotrya japonica 311
Eryngium campestre 454
Erythrina 478
Euryangium 315

Faba sativa 307
Faba vulgaris 307
Ferula alliacea 353, 357
Ferula erubescens 365
Ferula foetida 353
Ferula galbaniflua 365
Ferula narthex 353, 362
Ferula persica 353, 366
Ferula rubricaulis 365
Ferula schair 366
Ferula scorodosma 353
Ferula sumbul 315
Ficus carica 410, 412, 413
Ficus glomerata 412
Ficus johannis 412
Ficus retusa 435
Flacourtia cataphracta 584
Flemingia congesta 316
Foeniculum vulgare 383
Fraxinus ornus 343

Gardenia florida 311
Gariophyllatum 589
Gelsemium elegans 196
Gleditschia sinensis 403, 420, 426
Glycine hispida 305
Glycine labialis 585
Gossypium herbaceum 491
Guilandina bonduc 583
Gymnocladus sinensis 420, 426

Hedysarum 586
Hedysarum alhagi 343
Hedysarum semenowi 344
Hibiscus mutabilis 311, 316, 317
Hibiscus Rosa sinensis 561
Hyoscyamus 582

Impatiens balsamina 335, 336
Indigofera linifolia 370
Indigofera tinctoria 370, 371, 585
Inula britannica 335
Inula chinensis 334, 335
Ipomoea aquatica 196
Ipomoea turpethum 584
Iris pseudacorus 583
I sis nobilis 523

Jasminum grandiflorum 332, 334



BOTANICAL INDEX



619



Jasminum officinale 329, 332
Jasminum sambac 329, 332
Juglans camirium 266
"uglans catappa 266

uglans cathayensis 266, 269, 479

uglans cordiformis 274

uglans mandshurica Dode 266, 267

uglans plerococca Roxb. 261

uglans pterocarpa 255

uglans regia 254, 255, 260, 261, 263,

265, 266, 272, 273
Juglans sieboldiana 273

Kaempferia galanga 427
Kaempferia pundurata 313
Killingea monocephala 544



Lactuca sativa 401, 402

Lagenaria vulgaris 197, 440

Lampsana apogonoides 297

Lathyrus 586

Laurus camphora 368, 585

Laurus cassica 584

Laurus cinn*nomum 583

Lawsonia alba 329, 332, 334, 338

Lawsonia inennis 334

Lindera glauca 375

Linum nutans 296

Linum perenne 296

Linum possarioides 296

Linum sativum 296

Linum stelleroides 296

Linum usitatissimum 289, 294, 295

Liquidambar altingiana 459

Liquidambar orientalis 365, 456

Luff a cylindrica 463

Magnolia 589

Mallotus philippinensis 316

Mangifera indica 552

Medicago agrestis 218

Medicago arborea 431

Medicago denticulata 217, 218

Medicago falcata 218, 219

Medicago lupulina 218, 219

Medicago minima 218

Medicago platycarpa 219

Medicago sativa 208-210, 213, 215, 216,
218, 219

Melia azadiracta 581

Memecylon capitellatum 315

Memecylon edule 315

Memecylon tinctorium 309, 314-316

Mentha arvensis (aquatica) 198

Michelia champaca 290

Mirabilis jalapa 328. It is not surprising
that this species is not mentioned in
the Pen ts'ao, for it is a plant of
American origin, and was not known
in China during the sixteenth century.
Its history will be dealt with in my
Cultivated Plants of America.

Momordica cochinchinensis 448



Morus alba 339, 560, 563, 582
Morus indica 582
Morus nigra 563, 582
Mucuna capitata 305
Mulgedium sibiriacum 292
Myristica fragrans 582
Myristica moschata 582, 584
Myristica officinalis 582
Myrtus communis 460

Narcissus tazetta 427, 428
Nardostachys jatamansi 215, 455
Nardus indica 455
Nasturcium aquaticum 433
Nelumbium speciosum 317, 581
Nelumbp nucifera 581
Nigella indica 215
Nyctanthes arbor tristis 331
Nymphaea alba 585
Nymphaea lotus 585

Ocimum album 587

Ocimum basilicum 300, 586-588, 590

Ocimum gratissimum 589, 590

Ocimum sanctum 590

Ocimum vulgare 589

Olea europaea 415, 416

Olibanum 581

Ophiopogon spicatus 317

Origanum dictamnus 585

Origanum marjorana 585

Orithia edulis 439

Ornus europaea 345

Oryza sativa 581

Osmanthus fragrans 336

Pachyrhizus angulatus 351
Pachyrhizus thunbergianus 242, 311
Panictim miliaceum 540, 565, 595
Patrinia villosa 328
Paulownia imperialis 339
Peucedanum decursivum 199
Phaseolus mungo 308, 585
Phaseolus radiatus 585
Phoenix dactylifera 385, 391
Phoenix sylvestris 391
Phragmites communis 536
Phyllanthus emblica 378, 551, 581
Phyllpstachys quadrangularis 535
Pimpinella anisum 196, 200
Pinus bungeana 365
Pinus deodara 583
Pinus gerardiana 260
Pinus koraiensis 269
Pinus larix 346
Piper betle 582
Piper longum 375, 479, 583
Piper nigrum 374, 429, 584
Pistacia acuminata 246, 249
Pistacia chinensis 250
Pistacia lentiscus 252
Pistacia mutica 250
Pistacia sylvestris 249



620



BOTANICAL INDEX



Pistacia terebinthus 246, 250

Pistacia vera 246, 250, 251

Pisum sativum 305

Polygonum tinctorium 325, 371

Polypodium fortune! 195

Poncirus trifoliata 227. It is the trifoliate
orange common in northern China
and Japan, and usually called Citrus
trifoliata. The name Poncirus has
been re-introduced by W. T. Swingle
(in Sargent, Plantae Wilsonianae,
Vol. II, pp. 135-137).

Pongamia glabra 581

Populus balsamifera 339, 342

Populus euphratica 341

Prunus amygdalus 405, 406

Prunus armeniaca 539

Prunus davidiana 408

Prunus domestica 216

Prunus persica 408

Prunus triflora 552

Psoralea corylifolia 483, 484

Pterocarpus santalinus 459, 584

Punica granatum 276

Punica protopunica 277

Quercus cuspidata 471

Quercus lusitanica var. infectoria 367

Quercus persica 349

Quercus vallonea Kotschy 349

Ranunculus ficaria 546
Raphanus 381
Raphanus sativus 446
Rehmannia glutinosa 195
Rheum emodi 551
Rheum officinale 548
Rheum palmatum 548
Rheum ribes 547, 549, 550
Rheum spiciforme 547
Rhus toxicodendron 196
Rhus vernificera 274
Ricinus communis 403, 482
Rosa banksia 464
Rosa rugosa 217

Saccharum officinarum 376, 584
Sago rumphii 385
SaHsburia adiantifolia 251, 388
Santalum album 552, 584
Sapindus mukorossi 551, 583
Sapindus trifoliatus 583
Saussurea lappa 462, 463, 584
Schizandra chinensis 229
Scorodosma foetidum 353-355
Sedum erythrostictum 400
Semecarpus anacardium 482, 582



Sesamum indicum 289-292, 295
Sesamum orientale 288
Setaria italica glutinosa 565
Setaria viridis 339
Sinapis alba 380
Sinapis juncea 380
Smilax pseudochina 556
Sonchus 400, 401
Sophora 426
Spanachea 396
Spinacia oleracea 392
Spinacia tetandra 397
Spondias amara 551
Sterculia platanifolia 242, 339
Strychnos nux-vomica 448, 449
Sty rax japonica 417
Sty rax officinalis 456, 459

Tamarindus indica 426, 581, 582
Tamarix chinensis 339
Tamarix gallica 348
Taraxacum officinalis 325
Terminalia belerica 378, 581
Terminalia chebula 378, 581
Thalictrum foliosum 547
Thapsia garganica 355
Torreya nucifera 251
Tribulus terrestris 393
Trifolium giganteum 215
Trigonella foenum graecum 216, 446
Tulipa gesneriana 314

Ulmus campestris 334, 439
Ulmus macrocarpa 439
Ulmus montana 439
Ulmus suberosa 439

Valeriana jatamansi 455, 584

Valeriana sisymbrifolia 455

Vicia faba 307

Viola pinnata 196

Vitis bryoniaefolia 227

Vitis coignetiae 244, 245

Vitis filifolia 243

Vitis flexuosa 245

Vitis labrusca 227

Vitis saccharifera 245

Vitis thunbergii 243, 245

Vitis vinifera 220, 221, 227, 243, 244

Winterania canella 580

Zanthoxylum 252, 374
Zanthoxylum setosum 375
Zingiber officinale 545, 583
Zizyphus lotus 478
Zizyphus vulgaris 385, 552



INDEX OF WORDS



Iranian, Indian, Mongol and other words reconstructed on the basis of Chinese transcriptions are

provided with an asterisk.



Afghan 629
Arabic 625
Aramaic 626
Armenian 629
Baluci 629
Chinese 621
Ferganian 627
Fu-lin 626
Greek 630
Hebrew 626
Hindustani 62 7
Japanese 623
Javanese 624
Kurd 629
Malayan 624

Chinese

a-lo-p'o 420, 421
a-sa-na hian 455, 456
a-t'i-mu-to-k'ie 290
a-wei 358, 361
a-yii-tsie 359, 361
a-yue 247, 248
a-yiie-hun 247, 248
a-zi 410
an-lo 552

2a-ta 527
en-t'ou-kia 215
Ci ma 293
Co-pi 493
u-c6 376
u-mu-la 518

c^a-ku-mo 318
6'a mu 250
'ui-hu-ken 196

fan mu-pie 448
fan-pu-wai 531
fei-zan 260
fou-lan-lo-lo 588
fu lo-po 451 note 3
fu-t'u ts'ai 402

hai liu 284 note 2
hai-na 336
han-hue 210
hei-nan 473
hian ts'ai 298
hin-kii 361
hiun-k'iun 200
ho-li-lo 378
ho t'ao, hu t'ao 256
hu fen 201



Alphabetical Index of Languages

Manchu 623
Middle Persian 627
Mongol 623
New Persian 628
Old Iranian 627
Pamir 629
Portuguese 630
Russian 630
Sanskrit 626
Sogdian 628
Spanish 630
Syriac 626
Tibetan 624
Turkish 624
Uigur 624

hu hien 195

hu hwan lien 199

hu kan kian 201

hu kiai 380

hu k'ian si e 199

hu k'in 196, 400

hu kiu-tse 483

hu kwa 300

hu-lo 503

hu lo-po 451

hu-lu-pa 202, 446

hu ma 288, 290-292

hu-man 196

hu-man 385

hu mien man 195

hu-na 496

hu pa-ho 198

hu-sa 305

hu Sen 195

hu-swi 202, 297, 298

hu tou 197, 305, 307

hu ts'ai 199, 202, 381

hu ts'un 303

hu t'ui-tse 197

hu t'un lei -202, 339

hu wan si e 199

hu-ye-yen-mo 420, 423

hu yen 201

hu yen-& 327, 328

hui-hu tou 305

hui-hui tou 197, 307

hui-hui ts'un 303

hun 248

hun-t'i 303, 304

hun-t'o ts'ai 304

hun hwa 310

hun-ku 358

hwan kwa 300

hwan-lien 547

621



hwan-p'o-nai 197
hwo mao siu 499
hwo-i-k'o pa-tu 448
hwo-si-la 448

i-lan 404
i-muk-i 486
i-ts'at 530

kan hian 455
kan-lan 417, 460
kan-sun hian 215, 428
ken ta ts'ai 399
kian-hwan 313
kiao ma 300 note 4
kin-hwa 539
kin tsin 520
ko47i
ku-un 491
ku-pei 491

ku-pu-p'o-lu 479 note I
ku-sui-pu 195
ku-tu 565
ku-lin-kia 216
ku-en 290-292
kun-t'a 399
kwo tou 306

k'ian hwo 199
k'ian t'ao 259
k'ian ts'in 199
k'ie-p'o-lo 343
k'u-lu-ma 385
k'u-man 385
k'u-mi-6'e 215
K'u-sa-ho 529
k'u i pa tou 448

lan-6'i 520



V



622



INDEX OF WORDS



len-fan-t'wan 556


po-tie 489-492


t'a-ten 492


li tou 305


po ts'ai 394


fan 496


liu tou 306


pu-hwei-mu 500


t'ien-u hwan 350


lo-k'ia 476


pu-ku-i 483


t'ien ma 210


lo-wan-tse 426




t'o-te 378


lu-tu-tse, plant-name de-


p'i-li-lo 378


fou-i 511, 513


rived from a language


p'i-Si-Sa 330, 334, 335


t'u hun hwa 311 note I


of the Man, 197


p'i-ts'i 363


t'u-lin 282


lu-wei 480, 481


p'ien ho t'ao 268




ma kia u 516


p'o-lo-pa-tsao 393 note 4
p'o-lo-te 482


tsa-fu-lan 311
tse-kun 327, 476-478


ma-k'in 196


p'o-so 525


tse-mo kin 509


ma lei 305


p'o-tan 406


tse p'u-t'ao 228


ma-se-ta-ki 252


p'u-lo 497


tse-t'an 459


ma-Su 313


p'u-t'ao 225


tsiu-pei-t'en 242


ma ts'ien-tse 448


p'u-t'ui-tse 197


tso-pi(p'i) 493


ma zu p'u-t'ao 228, 232




tsu-mu-lu 518


man hu t'ao 270
man hwa 332
mi hian 462
mi-li-ye 241
mi-to-sen, mu-to-sen 508


sa-fa-lan 311
sa-ha-la, so-ha-la 496
sa-pao 529
sai-pi-li-k'ie 214
san-lo tsian 378


ts'an tou 307
ts'ao lun 5u 228
ts'e-hu 196
ts'e-mou-lo 384


mo-hu-t'an 531
mo-li 329, 330
mo-lo-k'ie-t'o 518
mo-so 526
mo-t'o 241
mo-tsei 368
mu hian 462
mu-nu 471


se kio (botanical term),
pointed, oblong (of
leaves), 466 note 6.
se-se 516
si kwa 438, 439, 445
sie-po-p'o 533
so-lo 491
so-Sa-mi 481


ts'i-t'un 4^5
ts'ien-hu 196
ts'ien nien tsao 385
ts'in mu hian 462
ts'ifi tai 370, 371
ts'in zan 292
ts'iu p'i 271
ts'o ts'ai 400


mu-su 212


so-so 229


wo-ku 401, 402




su-ho 456


1 i
wu hwa kwo 411


na-ho tou 197 note 3, 307


su-lo 240


wu-kia 308


nai-k'i 427


su-tu-lu-kia 457


wu-lou 386


nan tou 308




wu-men 485


nao-Sa 503


Sa kwo 234 note 2


wu min mu 247


ni-hu-han 532


Sa-mu-lu 368


wu pa- ho 198


niu k'in 196


Sa p'en 234


wu-t'un kien 339


nu hwi 481


Sa-ye 530





nan-si hian 464-467
nan Si liu 278, 284
no-lo-ho-ti 532
nu-se-ta 533

pa-Ian 408
pa-lu 368, 369
pai-nan 473
pan-han-5'un 197
pan-mi 376
Pei-t'in a 504
pi-lu 519
pi-po 375
pi-se-tan 251
pi-si 568

pin 515
po-ho 198
po-lin 392, 397
po-lo-i 254
Po-se fan 475
Po-se kan-lan 418
Po-se tsao 203, 385
Po-se ts'ai 394



an-hu 525

San hu t'ao 267

an-hu ts'ai 394

ge-mo-k'ie 200 note 6

Si hu t'ao 270

Si liu 279, 284

Si-lo 383

Si-lu 510

Si-mi 376

Sou-ti 200

Su-hu-lan 196

Swi tsiri p'u-t'ao 228

ta ken ts'ai 399
ta-lan-ku-pin 345
ta pien fen 409
ta-p'en Sa 506
tan-zo 283
ti-pei-p'o 532
ti yen 504
tou-lou-p'o 457
tu hwo 199
tu-lu-se-kien 458
tun-mou 523



ya ma 295

ya-pu-lu 447

yan-kwei 361

yaft-mai 509. This word
is derived from the
language of the Cham,
and is identified with
the term tse-mo kin in
theNanTs'iSu,Ch.58,
p. 3b.

yan ts'e 343

ye-si-mi 330, 331

ye-si-min 329-331

yen-Si 324-328

yen hu su 197

yen-lu 510

yi tien ts'ao 399

yin-wu ts'ai 394

yin-vu 227

yin-zi 410

yu ma 289

yu-kin 312, 314, 316, 317,
explanation of term,
321-323



INDEX OF WORDS



623



yu-kin hian 314, 317


sankaku-dzuru 245


b6riya 575


yii liu 282


sankakuto 273


bus 574


yu-t'an-po 411


soramame 307




yue no 493~496


sugO 456


ditun jimin 416




gitan 459 note I


darkan, darxan 593


Japanese


gokai 274


debter 564




gukugamitsu 481


dsaran 575


agetsu-kongi 250






aka-goma 296


teuCi-gurumi 274


Esroa 572


ama 295


to-kurimi 273




ama-dzuru 245


tsuta-urugi 196 note 8


gad-pu-ra, gabur 591






gangsa 577


banzai-gi 273


yama-budO 245




budo 225, 243


yama-gurumi 273


irbis 579




yebikadzura 243




6insO-gurumi 274
osen-kurimi 273


zakuro 285


jildunur 509
jirukba 198 note I


&5sen-matsu 269 note I
&5sen-modama-rabOgi 426




kuben 574
kugur, kukur 575


cflseki 513


Manchu








marba 235


ebi-dzuru 243, 245


arc"an 235


maga 585


ebi-kadzura 243, 244
ego-no-ki 417


boso 574
buleri, buren 575
&bahanc"i 573


mirba 235
nal575


fusudasu, fusudasiu 250,


CirCan 509


naligam 591


2SI


debtelin 564


nom 574




dungga(n) 441


nomin 521


goma 295


farsa 198 note I




gonroku-gurumi 274

hime-gurumi 273, 274
ho-no-ki 588


kubun 574
kulun, related to Hiun-nu
k'i-lien, 326 note 8
kuru 235


sagari, sarisu 575
suburgan 573

gibagantsa 573




mase 267


gikar 576


i&jiku 411, 414


monggo Sibin 199


gimnus 573


i&nen-ama 295


morxo 218


gingun 362


ingu 361


nomin 521


giradsa 235


inu-ebi 243


nomun 574


girgek 538




sarin 575




kami 559


sirge 538


takpa 235


karasu-gurumi 274
kariroku 378
koroha 446


gempi 575
toxai 578
ulusun 416, 417


tarbus 444
tikpa 235
titim 573


ko0 374


xalxori 591


torga(n) 502


koto 273, 339


xengke 441


tos 575




xdba 523


toti 575


matsuba-nadegiko 296
matsuba-ninjin 296


xosixa 266
xowalama usixa 267


tsagasun 559
turma 574


me-gurumi 274






mirura 462


Mongol


ubasantsa 573


namban-saikaft 422


anar 574


*yinan 362


ninjin 451


aradsa 235




nume-goma 296


araki 235-237


*xasini 361, 575






xatun xariyatsai 199


ogurumi 274


bag 575


xoradsa 235


okkoromi 274
oni-gurumi 272, 273


bagdar 575
bodso 575


Xormusda 572
xuba 523


oreifu 417


bogda 576


xurut 235




bolot 575


xusiga 266


safuran 311


bor 235




sakuboku 250


boradsa 235


zira 575



624



INDEX OF WORDS



Uigur


min-lan-za 578


deb-t'er 564


badam 407
borgu 575
boz 574
dargan 594
darka& 594
kagas, kagat 559
karpuz 444
kavyn, kogun, kaun 443
kubik 523
mur 374 note 8
nara 285, 574
nom, num 574
6zum 233
qadan 553
sakparan 312 note I
supurgan 573
srnnu 573


nahal 579

palas 579
pan 578
pilta 595

qalmaq qarlogac* 199
qarpuz 444
qawa 578
qawa(q) 443

sai-pun 578
sozuq saivl 230
um-pO 578

tarbuz 444


dri-bzan 312
pir-fi 595
span spos 455
spo ts'od 398
p'a-tin 407 note 3
p'o-lo-lin 198 note I
p'rug 497
ba-dan 596
ba-dam 407
ba-ts'wa 503
ban-de 592
bal-poi seu in 286
beg-tse 575
bug-sug 212
byi-rug-pa 198 note I
sburlen 521 note II
ma-a 585


torgu 502

fntT C7C


tarxan 592-594
tl-za 578


mu-men 521
mon sran rdeu 308


ion 575
tuk565
upasan 573
zmuran, zmurna 461 note


ton 578
ton-kai 578
torgu, torka 502, 539
tung 578


ts'a-la 503
zi-ra 575
ze-ts'wa 503
u-su 299




tuiift bak 578


ol 218


Turkish


tupak 595


yun-ba 314
yuns-kar 380


bids, beda 214


xoz 256


ru-rta 463


boru 575




ga-ka-ma 312, 318




yada 527


Sin-kun 362, 591


San 578


yantaq 345


eg 595


Can 578


yan-xO 578


so-ra 503


Sin-say 579


yan-yO 578


og-bu 559


&za 579


yangza 578


sag-ri 575




yilpis v 579


sag-lad 498


da-dir 578


yondze 209


sip, sup 362


dan 578
dan-za 578


yulgun 348 note 7
*yunmasu 299


se-mo-do 595
sendha-pa 592


d6wa 579




gser-zil 509


fistiq 252


zummurat 579


hin 362


gO-sl 578




'a-ru-ra 378


7anza 576


Tibetan




harbuz 444
ipak 539
Jin 579
joza 578
ju-xai gul 577
jiisai 578

kaden 553
kagat, kagaz 559
kandir 294
karpuz 444
kimi 231, 241, 299
koz 256


kun-ta 595
kur-kum 321
skyer-pa 314
k'a-ra 596
k'ra-rtse 595
ga-bur 591
gan-zag 577
gur-kum 312, 321
go-byi-la 449
gyi-gyi k'ug-rta 199
rgya ts'wa 508
Cu-li 540 note I


Javanese

item 473
jarak 404
kenari 269
kurma 386
laka 476 note 9
lena 290 note 9
madu 461 note 5
mefian 465
sulasih 590
tulasih 590




5'i-tun siu 416




la-tai 578


tarbuz 444


Malayan


la-za 578


star-ka 260




lobo 579


t'ai rje 595


angu 361




t'e-k'ei-gan 578


dellma 283


manto 579


dan-da, dan-rog 583


gullga 527


mas' 585


dar-k'a-6'e, dar-rgan 594


hltam 473


maupan 578


dar-sga 260


inei 337



INDEX OF WORDS



625



jarak 404
kalgan 546
kaminan 465


ihlilaj 581
isbiadari 555
isfenah 395


kanari 269


isfist 209


kapas 491
kapor-barus 479 note I


jauz ul-qei 449


kertas 559


jiza' 555


korma 386


30z 256


lena 290 note 9
sulasi 590
tingkal 503


julbar 306
juz-i buwwa 582
jaz-i matil 582




kafar 585, 591


Arabic


kahruba 521




kamman 383


abruh 447


karnab 380


afs 367


keblr 590


akitmakit 583


kibrlt 575


amlaj 581


kirbas 574


anba 552


kundur 585


aqln 590


kurkum 321


araq 237, 596




aruz 581


lak 478 note 5


atmat 581


lak 585


azadiraxt 581


lauz, lewze 405




lazvard 520


badrQj 590


llnej 520


baladur 582


luban jawl 465 note I


balllaj 581




bang 582


mamirun 546


banj 582


mann 343


beladur 482


mardakuS 585


birinj-i kabill 582


mastaki 252


bl 582


mas 585


bitlx ul-hindl 582


ml'a 459


bussad 525


murdasanj 509




murr 461


dar-&nl 583


muSktiramuslr 585


dar-filfil 583




dar smi 541, 583


na-ho tou 307


dauku 453


nakhl 386


dibadz 489, 492


narjll 585


duhn az-zanbaq 332


nehsel 453


duhn ul-amlaj 583


nil, Ilia 585


duhn ul-sunbul 583


nllej 370




nllafar 585


falanjmusk 589


nisrln 551


filfil, fulful 374 note 3




fisfisa 209


pazahr 525


fistaq, fustaq 252




fufal 584
fulful, filfil 584


qanblt 381
qaqula 584




qaranful 584


habb ul-qilqil 582


quinna 364


hal 585


qitta 301


halahil 582


qalani 585


halilaj 378


qurtum 327


hinduba 402


qust 584


hinna 336


qutun 491


hulba 446




husyat iblls 554


ranej 240 note 7




ratba 209


ibarlsam 538


ratta 551, 583



rixan 590
rumman 285
rutta 582

sabahla 453
sadaj 583
safarjal 584
saidalani 425
sakblnaj 366
sallxa 584
sandal 552, 584
saqmuniya 584
sarak 539
satil 584
sax 553
sef anariya 453
suk 551
sukkar 584
sunbul 584

Sabuni 425
ah-slnl 552
al 584
saljam 381
slsian 581

slnl 547 note 4

tabaSir 351
talisfar 584
tamr 386
tamr ul-hindl 582
tanbfll 582
terenjobln 345
tin, tima 411
turbund 584
tat 582
tatiya 513

unan 582
jtruj 581

vaj 583
wars 315, 316

xalen 552

xamaxim 590

xar-slnl ("stone of
China"), Arabic term
for Chinese tootnague,
555. The designation
"stone" corresponds to
the t 'ou-i (" tou stone ' '
of the Chinese, which
denotes the zinc ;and
brass of the Persians.

xarnub, xarrub 424

xarnub hindi 422

xarva 404

xauk 590



626



INDEX OF WORDS



xiyar Sanbar 422


Fu-lin


*gunda 304


xOlandzan 545




goi^l 496


xurs-i slnl 582


a-li, a-li-fa 423






a-li-ho-t'o 435


candana 552, 584


yabruh 447, 585


a-li-k'u-fa 420, 423


camara 565


yasmin 331


a-p'o-ts'an 429


clnaka 595




han-p'o-li-t'a 363


clnanl 540


zadvar 544, 584


hien 436


clnarajaputra 540


za'faran 311, 320


k'un-han 435


cobaclnl 556


zait 415


pa-Ian 408




zanbaq 332
zangabll, zanjabll 545, 583


ti-Sen, ti-ni 411
ts'i-t'i 415


jatamamsl 584
jati 582


zartra 583




jatuka 361 note 4


zarwar 583
zeronbad 544


Sanskrit


jayapala 583
*jaguma 318


zinjar 510
zummurud 519
zurunbad 583


ak0ta 248, 254
afijlra 411
adhimuktaka 290


jlra 383
jlraka 384




amala 581


jhabuka 582




amllka 582




Hebrew


aragbadha, aragvadha


tanka 503


alkafta 533
asls 286


421

aru?ka 482


tarambuja 444
tavak(tvak)-kIra 350


axadarfnim 529


akhota 248, 254


tambQla 582


bareket 519


adraka 583


tallgapattra 584


basam 430


amalaka 378, 551


tintio!a 582


bu 574


arevata 423


tinduka 215


egoz 248, 254, 256




tila 290


gafrit 575


ugragandha 583


tuttha 513


karkOm 321


udambara 411


tubarlgimba 582


kopher 337




turu?ka 458


man 343


erantfa 404


tulasl 590


mor 461


els 585


tuda, tQla 582


nataf 459 note 5




tala 491


ngrd 428, 455


kapi 581


tripuia, trivrt 584


rimmOn 285


karalaka 588


tvaca 583, 584


tamar 386


karcQra 544




ti'nu 41 1


karpasa 491, 574


dantl 583


xelbenah 363


karpara 585, 591


datfima, dalima 283, 286


zayi0 415


kavera 309


devadaru 583




kaverl 309


drak?a 239, 240




kalinga 445




Aramaic (Syriac)


kunkuma 321


dhanika, dhanyaka 284




kunduru 585




afursama 429


kunkuma 309


nalada 428, 455


*arigbada 423


kunci, kuncika 215


navasara 505, 506


asa 460


kupllu 449


nagavallika 582


aspesta 209


kuberaksl 583


natamra 445


astorac 457


kulafija 545


narikela 193, 585


borko 519


ku?#ia 463, 464, 584


nimba 582


filfol 435


kusumbha 327


nirvia 584


gauza 256


kustumburu 298, 299


nirvi?a 544


kusbar(ta) 299


ksatrapa 529


nlla 370


mura 461




nllotpala 585


narkim 427


khadira 481


naigadala 505


pespesta 209


kharjura 391




rflmOnO 285




*parasl 254. Compare


stiraca 457


gandhamamsl 216


paraslka, a Persian


tena, tgnta, ts'lnta 411


gandharva 404


horse; paraslka-taila,


xarQba 424


garjara 452


naphta; paraslya-yava-


xelbanita 363


gandhan 346 note 3


nl, a remedy imported


zaita 415


guggula 467


from Persia.



palanka 397
pippala 435
pippall 374 note 3, 375,

583

pltakanda 452
pdgaphala 584
prapunatfa 582

phanijjhaka 585
badama 407

bhanga 294
bhanga 582
bhadanta 592
bhallataka 482

madhu 241

marakata 518

marica 374

mallika 331, 332

magadha 374 note 6

majuphala 367

matula 582

matulunga 301 note 6, 581

maa 585

mudga 308

mendhi 338

maireya 241

mleccha-kanda 304

yavana 452

rasamala 458
raj ataru 421
rubflgaka 404
ruvuka 404

latakarafija 583
lavanga 584
laka 476 note 9

vak?ana 404
vaca 583
vanaharidra 584
vakucl 484
vatama 407
vahlika 320
vi&mga 582
vibhltaka 378, 581
vigalada 346 note 3
*vigea 335
vi?a 582

vyaghrapuccha 404
vrlhi 373

carkara 584
gaka-vfika 215
Sfngavera 583

saraka 583
sumana 332
surasl 590



INDEX OF WORDS

sura 240, 581
soraka 503
saindhava 592
*stunika 457

haridra 309, 314
harltakl 378, 581
halahala 582
hingu 358, 359, 361
*hunda 304



Hindustani

akrOt, axrOt 248, 254
bavacl 484
belatak, bhela 482
darim 283 note 2
haka5 484
Hindi-revand 551
kamxab 539
kapar 591
kuSla 448
khajHr 391
palak, palan 397
tarbud 584
tarbuza 444
tol, tflt 582
xarbQza 444
xlra 301



Old Iranian, Ferganian

*agoz-van 250
agOza, angOza 248, 254
aspo-asti 209
ai 301
bangha 294
budawa 225
*buksuk, buxsux 213
dipi532
*goswi 298
haSanaepata 277
*koswi 298
ma5a 241
maSav 225
magupati 531
*pistaka 251
spaina 515
tanva 496
xa0ra-pavan 529
xsaflrya 530
xSaeta 530
xaya0iya 530



Middle Persian

*aju 410
anargll 193

*anguzad, *angu, *angwa
361



627

arkpat 533
Arttm 437
aspast, aspist 209

batak 225

*ballu, "barru, 368

*balu, bulu 369

banbiSn, banbun 531

blrzai 363

bod 193

daplr, diplr 532
depak 489
devan 532
diplvar 532

funduk 193

gandena 304
goniz 298

harbojlna 444

kahrupai 521
kaplk 581
kundur 193
kundurak 585
*kurman (*gurman) 385
kulkem 321

*mad2ak, *maxzak, *mu-

zak 368
magu 531

*magutan, magudan 532
mai 241

martak, murtak 509
maupat 531
murd 461

*nargi 427
naz-bO 590

pag 307

palangamuSk 589
pambak 490
parnlkan 537
*pistak 251

rewas 547

siparam 192
*spahba5, spahpat 533
spahbeS 533

*2a0pav 529

ah balut 193, 369

Sangavlr 545, 583

*tabix, *tabi5 493
tanand 496
*tapetan 493
tin 411
tatiya 513



628



INDEX OF WORDS



vadam 406


bagela 308


gergeru 306


ven 249


bagtar 575


gOz 248, 254, 256




badran 301


gugurd 575


yasmin 193


baladur 482


o p \J i \J

gul-Slnl 551


*yssmlr 331


balas 495


gurinj 373




balila 378, 581




*xar-burra, *yar-burra


balut 368
ban 249


hallla 378, 587
hll-i buzurg 584


xarbuzak 444
*xaryadzambax 423
*xurman 385


banak 249
baqila 307
barge-tanbol 582


hil-i xurde 585
hindewane 443, 582
hulbat, hulya 446




barna 495




zlra, zlra 383


barzad 364
battix indi 443


isfldruj 555




bazrud, berzed 363 note 4


jabroh 447




beda 214


jadvar 544


Sogdian


bedanjir 404
bih, beh 584


jazar 453
jlran 575


*asarna, *asna, *axarna

A .


bih-i hindl 584
birinj 373, 513, 581


jaz-i baya 582


45o
bakdib 490 note 6
*bulan(ralak) 589


blrzai 363
bo, boi 462
boza 575


kabl 581
kafar 585, 591
kagaS 557


/305a 462
Cynstn 568
Si5im 573
fra/SOSan 462
yara 187 note
kurkumba 321 (see J.
Bloch, La Formation de
la langue marathe,


budenk 198 note I
baghunj 299 note I
bunduq-i hindl 583
barak 503
ban 575

ai, Sadan 557
Sandan, Sandal 552, 584


kahruba 521
kahu 402
kalam gomri 381
kalam pi6 381
kamxab 539
karafs 402
karkam, kurkum 321
kasnl, kisnl36i,365, 575


P- 97-)
narak(a) 285
*nava 506


Sau, av 557, 560
Sank 565
&ni 547 note 4


kawanda 301
kazar 544
kimxaw 539


smnu 573


Sugundur 399


kirpas 574


tlm 578




kisniz 299


vayvar 556
waSu, wy5yth 531


dablr, diblr 532
dahlm 573


kQz 248, 254, 256
kuSla, ku6ula 448


xevan 529


dana 284


kunjut 291


'zrw' 573


danak 283


kundurak 252




dand 583


kuSnlz 299


New Persian


danga 284
dar-Sin 541


kust 584, 464


abnus 485, 486
abres"um 537
alwa 480, 481
amala, amlla 551, 581
amba 552


darai 502
darzard 314
datara 582
diba 489
dlba-i-cm 537
divdar 583


lazvard 520
lelekl 425
Ilia 370

marjan 525
masdax 253


amola 378




maza 367


anar 285, 574


erzen 565


mei 241


angur 227




mexak 584


anguyan 354
anguza, anguzad 361
anlba, anlta 461 note 2


fadaj 528
fagfarl &nl 556
firOza 519


mor 461
mabid 531
mu7, moy 531


anjlr 411




mard 461


aspanah, aspanaj 395


gandana 304




aspust, aspist 209


gatel el-kelbe 449


nard, nard 428, 455


azaragi 449


gawdzlla 327


nargil 193




gaz, gazm 348 note 7


nargis 427


bada, badye 225


gaz-alefi 348


nauSadir 503, 506


badam 405, 406


gaz-khonsar 348


nax 495


bay 575


gazar 453


neft 506



INDEX OF WORDS



629



nil 370


tatura 582


Afghan


nilupar 585


tinkar 503




nujud 306
nusadir 503, 505, 506


totl 575
turbid 584. The cor-


badran 301
hindwana 443




responding Tibetan


intsir 411


padzahr 525
palanmisk 589
pan 582


form is dur-byid; the
initial sonant is strik-
ing: cf. the analogous


kokurt 575
Ospana, osplna 515
palak 397


pandu 404


case of ga-bur, 591


rawa 547


panpa 490


turma, turub 574


riska 215


parniyan 537


turunj 301 note 6, 581


spastu 209


pipal, pilpil 583


tatiya 512, 513


turanj 301


pilpil 374 note 3




vrlze 373


pistan 252


tawus 575


wream 538


pudina 198 note I




xarbuja, tarbuja 444


pulad 575


ustad 533




pupal 584








vaj 583


Baluci


qaqulah 193


vala 495








ban 249


ranglak 478 note 5


wan 249


bod, boz 462


revande-hindi 551
rewas, rewand, rlwand


wea 363 note 4


rava 547
trunj 301


547
roanak 584


xadan, xadanj 553
xak-i c"ml 556


tapak 595
wana 249




xar-cml 555




sagrl 575
sakblna 366
sakirlat 497
saman, suman 332


xar-i-buzi 343
xar-i-sutur 343, 345
xarnub, xurnQb, xarrab


Kurd

alat 435


saqalat 497
sarah 539
sebr sugutri 481
sebr zerd 481
sepldrui 555
sipahba5 533
sunbul 455
sunbul-i hindi 584
sur 581


424
xawalinjan 545
xawus 301
xayahe-i iblls 583
xiyar 301
xiyar-5ambar 422
xokenjubin 347
xullar 306
xurma 385
xutu 565


badem 406
barru, berru 369
Saku 595
dariben 249
egvlz 256
ezir 410
fystiq 252
hezlr 410
kasu-van, kazu-van 250
kezvan, kizvan 250


gablbl 582




mstekki 253


sah siparam 586


yasamln, yasmln 331


pirinjok 513


sah-zire 384




punk 198 note 3


ganballd 447


zar-baf 488


rtwas, rlbas 547


Sakar 576, 584


zarambad 583


Urum 437


gamliz 447


zardak 452, 454




gankalil 545


zarumbad 544




gatranj 576


zeitun 415


Armenian


gawandar 454


zingar 510




gelgem 381


zird-cube 314


ankuzad, anguzat 361


slr-xest 347 note I


zumurrud 519


aprasam, aprsam 429


somln, sumln 397




aprisum 538


gora 503




armav 385 note 4


gdniz 299


Pamir (and other Iranian


asbanax 396


gugu 565


dialects)


bambak 490






bambiSn 531


tabasir 350 note 5


btlSO 212


brinj 373


tar-angubm 345


ghaun 496


bust 525


tan-basa 496


kubas 574


Randan 552


tanlSan 496


spin 515


dabaSir 350 note 5


tankal, tangar 503


vurj, wux 213


dipak 489


tarsa 593


waram 538


dpir 532


tarxan 593


wujerk 213


dzet 415



630



INDEX OF WORDS



engoiz 248, 256
erevant 547
fesdux, fstoul 252
halile 378
hraman 437
Hrom, HrOm 436
hulba 446 note 5

Jet 415
kahnba 522
kask 369
kerpas 574
kndruk 585
mogpet 531
movpetan 531
narges 427
navt' 506
Plinj 513
porag 503
snrvel 545
spanax 396
gahapand 529
irixid 347 note I
2omin 397
f arxan 593
xarpzag 444 note 2
xiar-amb 423
zavhran 312 note I
zeit 415
zemruxt 519
zomin 397

Greek

aloe 481

balsamon 429, 430
bistakion 251
bukeras 447
byssos574
daukon, daukos 453
diadema 573
ebenos 486
harpaks 523

hyaina, Chinese tran-
scription of, 436



kasia 542 note 3

kastanon 369

kinnamomon 542 note 3

kusbaras 299

maragdos 519

naphtha 506

nardps 455

narkissos 427

narkission 428

pistakion, psistakion 251

rha 548

rheon 548

rhoa 285

rhydia 285 note 2

satrapes 529

ser 538

smapi 380

smyra 461

staphylinos 453

storaks, styraks 457

tabasis 350

tapes 493

terebinthos, termmthos



249



Russian



altabds, derivation of

word 492
arbuz 444
bumaga 559
bura 503

burkun, burun&k 219
dorogi 501
fistaSka 252
indzaru 411
izumrud 519
kiSnets 299
1'utserna 219
marzan 525
medunka 219
morkov' 451 note I
nuSatyr 506
reven' 548
Rim 437



olk 539
gpiauter 555

Spanish

alazor 312 note I
albahaca, alfabega 587
alcanfor 591
algarrpbo 425
almaciga 252 note 7
anil 370
atutia 513
azafran 312 note I
azafranillo 312 note I
benjui, menjui 465 note I
borraj 503
carabe 522
dauco 453
droguete 501
espinaca 396
mdsticis 252 note 7
ruibarbo 548
tafetan 493
tereniabin 345

Portuguese

acafroa 312
alfabaca 587 note 3
anil 370

azafrao 312 note I
balsamo, Chinese tran-
scription of, 434
bango 582
bazar, bazoar 528
benzawi, benjoim 465 no. I
carabe 522

espinafre, espinacio 396
lacre 476
lampatam 556
roma, romeira 285 note 3
tufao 557
tutanaga 555
tutao 557
tutia 513



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