۱۴۰۵ اردیبهشت ۸, سهشنبه
Bahgat Elsagher is in Minneapolis, MN, United States. · Follow
«بزد بر کلهش بر یکی غوشنه / که مغزش برآمد ز هر گوشنه»--- درزی لتره گشته چرا گشته ای تو هاژ / چون ماکیان بکیر خراندر همی گراژ. شاعری نشناس نام گویا!
دکتر علیاشرف صادقی در تصحیح و ویرایش خود از لغتفرس اسدی طوسی، نگاهی دقیق و انتقادی به نام شاعریکه نشناس ضبط شده دارد. بر اساس بررسیهای زبانشناختی و نسخهشناسی ایشان، نکات مهمی در مورد «نشناس» مطرح شده است:
۱. تصحیح نام (فرضیه تصحیف)
یکی از مهمترین نکات دکتر صادقی این است که نام «نشناس» احتمالاً شکل تحریفشده یا تصحیفشدهی نام دیگری است. در نسخههای خطی قدیمی، به دلیل شباهت حروف در رسمالخط، جابجایی نقطهها یا کشیدگی حروف میتواند نام یک شاعر را کاملاً تغییر دهد. ایشان احتمال میدهند که این کلمه در اصل نام شاعری شناختهشدهتر (مانند پشناس یا شکلی از بستاس) بوده که به مرور زمان در نسخهها به «نشناس» تبدیل شده است.
۲. بررسی شاهد شعری (بیت غوشنه)
دکتر صادقی در ذیل لغت «غوشنه»، به بیتی که به این شاعر منسوب است اشاره میکند:
«بزد بر کلهش بر یکی غوشنه / که مغزش برآمد ز هر گوشنه»
ایشان توضیح میدهند که در برخی نسخهها، این بیت به شاعران دیگری (مانند رودکی یا عماره مروزی) منسوب شده است. دکتر صادقی با مقایسه نسخههای مختلف (نسخه نخجوانی، نسخه پاریس و غیره)، تلاش کرده است تا اصالت این انتساب را بسنجد.
۳. شاعران گمنام دوره سامانی
دکتر صادقی معتقد است که اسدی طوسی از منابعی استفاده کرده که امروزه در دسترس ما نیست. بنابراین، «نشناس» میتواند یکی از دهها شاعر اواخر دوره سامانی یا اوایل دوره غزنوی باشد که دیوان آنها از بین رفته و تنها تکبیتهایی از آنها در لغتنامههای کهن باقی مانده است.
۴. ساختار واژگانی
از منظر زبانشناسی، دکتر صادقی به کاربرد واژه «غوشنه» در شعر این شاعر توجه دارد. ایشان با بررسی ریشههای پهلوی و سغدی کلمات، توضیح میدهند که چرا اسدی طوسی این بیتِ خاص از «نشناس» را برای معنا کردن این لغت انتخاب کرده است.
خلاصه دیدگاه: در مجموع، علیاشرف صادقی وجود شاعری با نام واقعی «نشناس» را با احتیاط میپذیرد و بیشتر متمایل به این است که این نام، ناشی از اشتباه کاتبان در ثبت نام اصلی یک شاعر قدیمیتر باشد، اما به عنوان یک مدخل در متن اسدی طوسی، آن را مورد بررسی علمی قرار داده است.
[این احتمال نیست که خود اسدی می خواسته بگوید شعر از شاعری نشناس/ناشناس است؟!]
Russian archaeologist freed in top-secret prisoner swap (VIDEO)
Renowned Russian archaeologist Aleksandr Butyagin, who was detained in Poland at Ukraine’s request, has been released as part of a five-for-five prisoner exchange which involved multiple countries. The negotiations are understood to have been conducted in absolute secrecy, resulting in the release of another Russian national and three Belarusian citizens.
Butyagin was apprehended by the Polish authorities last December while on a European lecture tour. Kiev demanded his extradition, accusing the senior researcher at St. Petersburg’s State Hermitage Museum of conducting illegal excavations and damaging cultural heritage in Crimea, Russia – which Ukraine claims as its own territory.
In a statement on Tuesday, Russia’s Federal Security Service (FSB) said Butyagin was freed earlier in the day, and that Moscow released two officers of Moldova’s Security and Intelligence Service, who were arrested by the Russian authorities last June.
According to BELTA media outlet, citing Belarus’ State Security Committee (KGB), the prisoner swap took place on the Belarus-Polish border, and was made possible thanks to talks that started in September 2025.
Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko personally oversaw the process, in which the intelligence services of seven countries were involved, the article claims.
Warsaw released three Belarusians who had been “carrying out highly important tasks in the interest of [Belarusian] national security and defense,” according to the outlet. Minsk released Andrzej Poczobut, an opposition activist of Polish descent.
The identities of the other prisoners who were freed have not been disclosed.
Speaking at a joint press conference with John Coal, US President Donald Trump’s special envoy for Belarus, Foreign Minister Radoslaw Sikorski said the prisoner swap, which led to the release of three Polish nationals, would not have happened without Washington’s assistance. He revealed that Warsaw released three people, including the Russian archaeologist.
According to Sikorski, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, and Poland were involved in the process, which was undertaken in absolute secrecy.
Ex-FBI chief Comey charged with threatening to kill Trump

A federal grand jury has indicted former FBI Director James Comey for making threats against US President Donald Trump, the Department of Justice announced on Tuesday. If convicted, he faces up to 10 years in prison.
The DOJ alleges that “a reasonable recipient familiar with the circumstances” would interpret Comey’s May 2025 Instagram post, featuring seashells arranged in the sand to depict the numbers “86 47,” as “a serious expression of an intent to do harm to the president of the United States.”
Critics argued that “86” is slang for eliminating someone, and that Comey’s post could be viewed as a call to kill Trump, who is serving as the 47th president.
Comey denied the allegations at the time, saying that he “didn’t realize some people associate those numbers with violence.” He deleted the seashell post shortly after the backlash.
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Israeli violence against Palestinians echoes Holocaust – ex-Mossad chief

Violence by Israeli settlers against Palestinians in the West Bank echoes attacks on Jews during the Holocaust and poses an “existential threat” to Israel, former Mossad chief Tamir Pardo has said.
Israeli settlers live in communities built in the West Bank, a territory Israel captured in the 1967 Six-Day War and which Palestinians seek as part of a future state. Successive Israeli governments have backed or tolerated the settlements for security, political, and religious reasons.
Pardo spoke to local media on Monday while touring Palestinian villages that have come under settler attacks in recent months.
”My mother was a Holocaust survivor, and what I saw reminded me of the events that happened against Jews in the last century,” Pardo said. “What I saw today made me feel ashamed to be Jewish.”
His comments come amid a surge in settler violence across the West Bank, with groups carrying out repeated raids on Palestinian communities, torching homes and vehicles, vandalizing property and assaulting residents, according to witnesses and human rights organizations. In the latest incident, two Palestinians, including a 14-year-old schoolboy, were killed last week after gunmen opened fire near a school.
Attacks occur on a near-daily basis and intensified during the US-Israeli war on Iran between February 28 and April 8, rights groups said. Yesh Din recorded 378 incidents over that period, in which eight Palestinians were killed and around 200 injured.
Pardo said the settlers behind the attacks, and the Israeli government’s failure to stop them, were creating the conditions for a future October 7-style assault from the West Bank, referring to the 2023 Hamas-led attack on southern Israel that killed about 1,200 people and saw 250 taken hostage. Israel launched a military campaign in Gaza in response to the attack. More than 72,000 Palestinians were killed and over 172,000 injured in Israeli airstrikes and ground offensives, according to Palestinian health authorities.
The former Mossad chief warned that the violence unfolding in the West Bank could lead to a similar event, albeit in a different and potentially more severe form given the region’s complexity, adding that Israel was “sowing the seeds” for such an outcome.


