محمد حیدری ملایری (زاده ۱۳۲۶ ملایر) فیزیکدان و اخترشناس اهل ایران است. وی در حوزه زبان‌شناسی و گویش‌ها نیز فعالیت داشته است. یکی از دستاوردهای محمد حیدری ملایری در رابطه با جرم بیشینه ستارگان بوده است. وی همچنین به زبان‌شناسی و تاریخ نیز علاقه داشته با زبان‌های پهلوی، فارسی باستان، اوستایی، سنسکریت، یونانی، و لاتینآشنایی دارد، و درباره بیست گویش زبان فارسی تحقیق و مطالعه کرده است.[۱][۲] محمد حیدری ملایری در رصدخانه پاریس به عنوان محقق فعالیت دارد. وی سرپرست گروهی از اختر فیزیکدانان بین‌المللی است که در خصوص پیدایش ستاره‌های پرجرم و تاثیر این ستارگان بر محیط پیرامونشان پژوهش می‌کنند. همچنین نتایج مطالعات و پژوهش‌های چند سال اخیر او بر پایه داده‌هایی است که او با به کار بردن تلسکوپ فضایی هابل، متعلق به سازمان ناسا، به‌دست آورده است. وی در سال ۱۳۶۴ خورشیدی (۱۹۸۵ میلادی) به گروه اخترشناسان رصدخانه جنوبی اروپا (ESO) که در شیلی قرار دارد، پیوست. اقامت او در شیلی ۷ سال به طول انجامید و در ضمن فعالیت‌های پژوهشی‌اش از ۱۳۶۷ تا ۱۳۷۰، معاونت دپارتمان اخترشناسی رصدخانه اروپایی را هم به‌عهده داشت.[۳][۴][۵] وی همچنین مقالاتی در حوزه ستاره‌شناسی نوشته است.[۶] محمد حیدری ملایری همچنین یک واژه‌نامه چندزبانه ستاره‌شناسی نیز تالیف کرده است.[۷]
ویکی
An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian
فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک
M. Heydari-Malayeri - Paris Observatory Homepage
Number of Results: 12 Search : observatory
astronomical observatory
نپاهشگاه ِ اخترشناسیک، ~ اخترشناختی
nepâhesgâh-e axtaršenâsik, ~ axtaršenâxti
Fr.: observatoire astronomique
A building, place, or institution designed and equipped for making → observations of astronomical phenomena.
→ astronomical; → observatory.
Chajnantor observatory
نپاهشگاه ِ چاخنانتور
nepâhešgâh-e Chajnantor
Fr.: observatoire de Chajnantor
A high plateau site located at an altitude of 5,104 m in the Chilean Atacama desert, about 50 kilometers to the east of San Pedro de Atacama (longitude 67° 46' W, latitude 23° 02' S). It is the site of the → Atacama Large Millimeter Array.
In Kunza, the ancestral language of the people living in the region, Chajnantor or Tchacknaturmeans "lift-off place." It is the place of platforms for worshipping the Sun, where since immemorial time prayers and wishes lifted off (ESO book Cerca del Cielo).
Chandra X-ray Observatory
نپاهشگاه ِ پرتوهای ِ X ِ چاندرا
nepâhešgâh-e partowhâ-ye X-e Chandra
Fr.: Observatoire des rayons X Chandra
An astronomy satellite launched by NASA in 1999 July, specially designed to detect X-ray emission from very hot regions of the Universe such as exploded stars, clusters of galaxies, and matter around black holes. Chandra carries a high resolution mirror (aperture 1.2 m, focal length 10 m), two imaging detectors (HRC and ACIS), and two sets of transmission grating spectrometer (LETG and HETG). Important Chandra features are: an order of magnitude improvement in spatial resolution, good sensitivity from 0.1 to 10 keV, and the capability for high spectral resolution observations over most of this range. Chandra was initially given an expected lifetime of 5 years, but on 4 September 2001 NASA extended its lifetime to 10 years "based on the observatory's outstanding results." Among the results obtained using Chandra one can mention the spectacular image of the → supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. See also → X-ray astronomy.
Initially called Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), the satellite was renamed the Chandra X-ray Observatory in honor of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics, →Chandrasekhar limit. Moreover, Chandra, or candra- means "moon" or "shining" in Skt., from cand-"to give light, shine;" cf. Gk. kandaros "coal;" L. candela "a light, torch," from candere "to shine;" → X-ray; → Observatory.
European Southern Observatory (ESO)
نپاهشگاه ِ اروپایی ِ دشتری
nepâhešgâh-e orupâyi-ye daštari
Fr.: Organisation européenne pour la recherche astronomique dans l'hémisphère austral
An major intergovernmental research organisation in astronomy supported by 14 European countries. ESO was founded in 1962 as a consortium among Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The ESO Headquarters are located in Garching near Munich, Germany. The organization operates three outstanding observing sites in the Atacama Desert region of Chile: → La Silla, → Paranal, and Chajnantor. The → Very Large Telescope (VLT), the world's most advanced visible-light astronomical facility, is located on the 2600 m high mountain of Paranal, which also hosts the → VLT Interferometer (VLTI). The Chajnantor site, 5000 m above sea level, near San Pedro de Atacama, operates a submillimeter telescope (APEX). Moreover, a giant array of 12 m submillimeter antennas, called → ALMA, is being constructed in collaboration with North America, East Asia and Chile. ESO is currently planning a 42 m European Extremely Large optical/near-infrared Telescope, the → E-ELT.
Infrared Space Observatory (ISO)
نپاهشگاه ِ فضایی ِ فروسرخ
nepâhešgâh-e fazâyi-ye forusorx
Fr.: Satellite ISO
A European Space Agency satellite which carried the most sensitive infrared telescope ever launched. It operated between November 1995 and April 1998 and made particularly important observations of the dusty regions of the Universe. ISO was equipped with four science instruments: an infrared camera (CAM), a long-wavelength spectrometer (LWS), a photo-polarimeter (PHT), and a short-wavelength spectrometer (SWS). The instruments jointly covered wavelengths from 2.5 to around 240 microns with spatial resolutions ranging from 1.5 arcseconds to 90 arcseconds. Its 60 cm diameter telescope was cooled by superfluid liquid helium to temperatures of 2-4 K. The mission was a great technical, operational and scientific success. During its routine operational phase, ISO successfully made some 30,000 individual imaging, photometric, spectroscopic, and polarimetric observations ranging from objects in our own solar system to the most distant extragalactic sources.
International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA)
همدستی ِ اندرنفانی ِ نپاهشگاه ِ ویر‌آگین
hamdasti-ye andarnafâni-ye nepâhešgâh-e virâgin
Fr.: Alliance internationale de l'Observatoire Virtuel
An international cooperation whose objective is to facilitate the international coordination and collaboration necessary for the development and deployment of the tools, systems and organizational structures necessary to enable the international utilization of astronomical archives as an integrated and interoperating → Virtual Observatory. The IVOA, created in 2002, now comprises 20 Virtual Observatory programs from various countries and international organizations.
La Silla Observatory
نپاهشگاه ِ لا سی‌یا
nepâhešgâh-e La Silla
Fr.: Observatoire de La Silla
The site of the → European Southern Observatory's first observatory in Chile, inaugurated in 1969. It is located 160 km north of the town of La Serena and 600 km north of Santiago at an altitude of 2,400 m bordering the southern extremity of the Atacama Desert. La Silla is equipped with several optical telescopes with mirror diameters of up to 3.6 m. The 3.5 m New Technology Telescope was the first in the world to have a computer-controlled main mirror, a technology developed at ESO. The ESO 3.6 m telescope is now home to the world's largest extrasolar planet hunter: HARPS (High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher), a spectrograph with unrivalled precision.
From Sp. la silla "the saddle," after the apparent shape of the mountain on which the observatory is situated. Originally known as Cinchado.
meteorological observatory
نپاهشگاه ِ هواشناختی
nepâhešgâh-e havâšenâxti
Fr.: observatoire météorologique
A scientific establishment dedicated to making precise and detailed meteorological observations and to studying and forecasting atmospheric phenomena by means of special equipments.
Meteorological, of or pertaining to → meteorology; → observatory.
observatory
نپاهشگاه
nepâhešgâh
Fr.: observatoire
A place or building equipped for making observations of astronomical, meteorological, or other natural phenomena, especially a place provided with a telescope for observing astronomical objects.
From Fr. observatoire, from L. observa(re), → observe, + -toire, from L. -torius, from -tor a suffix forming agent nouns + -ius adj. suffix.
Nepâhešgâh, from nepâheš, → observation, + -gâh suffix of place (O.Pers. gāθu-, Av. gātav-, gātu-"place, throne, spot" (Skt. gátu- "going, motion; free space for moving; place of abode," PIE *gwem-"to go, come").
Paranal Observatory
نپاهشگاه ِ پارانال
nepâhešgâh-e Paranal
Fr.: Observatoire de Paranal
An → ESO observatory, located on Cerro Paranal in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, at 2,635 m altitude. It is about 120 km south of the town of Antofagasta and 12 km inland from the Pacific Coast. The Paranal Observatory hosts the → Very Large Telescope (VLT) with four 8.2 m telescopes. Each telescope provides one → Cassegrain and two → Nasmyth focus stations for facility instruments. One Nasmyth focus is available for visitor instruments. In addition each telescope is equipped with a → coudé focus station from which the light can be coherently combined in the interferometric focus. ESO also operates four 1.8 m Auxiliary Telescopes (ATs), that are used as an interferometric array (VISA) and a 4 m infrared survey telescope (VISTA). Currently, more than 10 instruments including two interferometric instruments (MIDI, AMBER) are operational and offered for science observations.
Paranal, the name of the mountain, in the Quechua language meaning "whirlwind;" → observatory.
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)
نپاهشگاه ِ چینه‌سپهری برای اخترشناسی ِ فروسرخ
Nepâhešgâh-e Cine-sepehri barây axtaršenâsi-ye forusorx
Fr.: Observatoire stratosphérique pour l'astronomie infrarouge
A partnership of NASA and the German Aerospace Center, consisting of an extensively modified Boeing 747SP aircraft carrying a reflecting telescope with an effective diameter of 2.5 m. NASA Ames Research Center manages SOFIA's science and mission operations in cooperation with the Universities Space Research Association and the German SOFIA Institute. SOFIA is the largest airborne observatory in the world, with a planned 20-year lifetime.
virtual observatory
نپاهشگاهِ ویر‌آگین
nepâhešgâh-e virâgin
Fr.: observatoire virtuel
An international initiative by the astronomical community to allow global electronic access to the available astronomical data archives of space and ground-based observatories. It also aims to enable data analysis techniques through a coordinating entity that provides common standards, wide-network bandwidth, and state-of-the-art analysis tools. The Virtual Observatory is also intended for re-using data for scientific objectives different from the original ones, in order to optimize the science return of astronomical observations. The Virtual Observatory's capabilities are enabled through the use of standard protocols for registering the existence and location of data and for requesting data that satisfies the user's interests. These standards are developed on an international basis through the →IVOA. The cornerstone of the Virtual Observatory is → interoperability.
→ virtual; → observatory.
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