List of royal saints and martyrs

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list of royal saints and martyrs enumerates Christian monarchs, other royalty, and nobility who have been beatified or canonized, or who are otherwise venerated as or conventionally given the appellation of "saint" or "martyr". Their names are in English and, where known, in their own language. When the status of a nominee is dubious the whole entry is italicized. Popes are not included in this list, unless they came from nobility themselves. Although they may be considered sovereigns, a list of Papal Saints is enumerated elsewhere.

Monarchs[edit]

This section enumerates Christian sovereigns, as opposed to mere consorts, who are enumerated in "Other royalty and nobility" below.

Saints[edit]

ImageNameRecognized BySovereigntyNotes
Abgar V of EdessaCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of Osroene[1]The first Christian monarch in history.
Ælfwald I of NorthumbriaLocally veneratedKing of Northumbria
Æthelberht of KentCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of KentListed in the 1916 edition of the Roman Martyrology under February 24.[2]
Æthelberht II of East AngliaCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of East Anglia
Afonso I of PortugalCatholic[3]King of Portugal
Alfonso V of LeónCatholic[4]King of León
Alfred the GreatCatholic,[5] Eastern Orthodox, AnglicanKing of Wessex
Amadeus IX, Duke of SavoyCatholicDuke of Savoy
Brian BoruCatholic[6][7]High King of Ireland
Brychan Brycheiniog[8][9]Catholic,[10][11] Eastern Orthodox[12]King of Brycheiniog
Canute IV of DenmarkCatholic[13]

Western Orthodox Rite

King of Denmark
Causantín mac CináedaCatholicKings of the Picts (Catholic)[14]
Ceolwulf of NorthumbriaCatholic, AnglicanKing of Northumbria
Charles I of England and ScotlandAnglican[15]King of England and King of ScotlandCommonly referred to as King Charles the Martyr
Charles the GoodCatholicCount of Flanders
Clovis ICatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of the Franks
Constantine of CornwallCatholicKing of DumnoniaMartyr[16]
Constantine of StrathclydeCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of Strahclyde
Constantine ICatholic, Eastern OrthodoxRoman EmperorConstantine is not revered as a saint but as “the great” in the Latin Catholic Church.[17][18] Eastern Catholic Churches such as the Ukrainian Catholic Church recognize him as a saint.[19][20]
Constantine XI PalaiologosCatholic (Byzantine Rite)Byzantine EmperorNot formally canonized, considered a "National Martyr" (unofficial)
Cormac mac CuilennáinCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of Munster
CynehelmCatholic, Eastern Orthodox, AnglicanKingdom of MerciaHis status as co-ruler of Mercia is usually considered to be legendary
Dagobert IICatholicKing of AustrasiaSon of Sigbert III
David I of ScotlandCatholic[21]King of ScotlandSon of Saint Margaret of Scotland
Eberhard of FriuliCatholic[22]Duke of FriuliSon-in-law of Frankish emperor Louis the Pious and ancestor of all contemporary royals (Catholic)
Edmund the MartyrCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of East Anglia
Edgar the PeacefulCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of the EnglishFeast day is 8 July
Edward the ConfessorCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of England
Edward the MartyrCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of EnglandMartyr
Edwin of NorthumbriaCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of Deria & Bernicia
Kaleb of AxumCatholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental OrthodoxKing of EthiopiaAlso known as Saint Elesbaan
Eric IX of SwedenCatholicKing of SwedenMartyr, feast day of May 18.
Ezana of AxumCatholic, Oriental OrthodoxKing of Axum4th century King of Axum[23][24]
Fedelmid mac CrimthainnCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of Munster
Ferdinand III of CastileCatholicKing of Castile and ToledoKnown as "Ferdinand III the Saint", in Spanish "San Fernando" and "Fernando III el Santo"
GuntramCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of Orléans, King of the FranksMerovingian king of Burgundy (Catholic); The Catholic Church celebrates his feast day on 28 March.
Henry II, Holy Roman EmperorCatholic, Eastern Orthodox?Holy Roman EmperorHusband of Cunigunde of Luxemburg (see under "Other royalty and nobility" below), known as "Saint Henry II", in German "Heinrich II. der Heilige" ("Henry II the Holy"), There are claims to be venerated in the Orthodox Church, but they are disputed claims
Hermenegild of the VisigothsCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxMartyr
Hoel, King of CornouailleCatholic, Eastern Orthodox, AnglicanKing of CornouailleHoel appears in Welsh mythology and the Matter of Britain as a "king of Brittany". Mythology states that he was a relative of the legendary King Arthur.
Jadwiga of PolandCatholicQueen of PolandKnown as "Saint Hedwig of Poland", "Saint Jadwiga, Queen of Poland" and "Saint Hedwig, Queen of Poland", in Polish "Św. Jadwiga Królowa Polski"
Judicael of BrittanyCatholicKing of Domnonée
Justinian ICatholic, Eastern Orthodox, LutheranByzantine emperorDied 565, known as "Justinian the Great"
Ladislaus I of HungaryCatholicKing of Hungary
Leopold IIICatholicMargrave of Austria
Lucius of BritainCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of the Britons2nd century British King, whose historicity is disputed
Louis IX of FranceCatholicKing of Francein French "Saint Louis"
Ludwig IV of ThuringiaCatholicLandgrave of ThuringiaHusband of Elisabeth of Hungary (see under "Other royalty and nobility" below), not canonized but revered as a saint in Thuringia, in German Ludwig IV., der Heilige (Ludwig IV the Holy) (Catholic)
Magnus of OrkneyCatholic Church, Anglican Church, Church of Sweden, Church of NorwayEarl of Orkney12th century Earl of Orkney, and Martyr
Malcolm III of Scotland[25]CatholicKing of ScotlandScottish Gaelic: Máel Coluim mac Donnchada
Malcolm IV of ScotlandCatholic[26]King of Scotland
Olaf II of NorwayCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of Norway
Oswald of NorthumbriaCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of NorthumbriaMartyr; feast day is August 5.
Oswine of DeiraCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of DeiraMartyr, died 651.
Pabo Post PrydainCatholicKing from Hen OgleddTraditionally identified with St. Pabo (Catholic)[27]
SalomonCatholicKing of Brittany9th century Martyr and King of Brittany
Sigebert IIICatholicKing of AustrasiaMerovingian king of Austrasia, father of Dagobert II (Catholic)
Sigismund of BurgundyCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of the Burgundians
Stephen I of HungaryCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxKing of Hungary
Tiridates III of ArmeniaCatholic, Oriental Orthodox, Armenian ChurchKing of Armenia[28][29]
Vladimir I of KievRussian Orthodox ChurchGrand Prince of KievFirst Christian ruler of Kiev, in the Russian Orthodox Church his title denotes "equal to the Apostles", in Russian "Владимир Святой", in Ukrainian "Володимир Святий" and "Святий рівноапостольний князь Володимир" ("Saint Equal-to-the-Apostles Duke Volodymyr") (Catholic,[30] Eastern Orthodox)
Wenceslaus I, Duke of BohemiaCatholic, Eastern OrthodoxDuke of BohemiaDied 28 September 935, Martyr, patron of the Czech Republic, in Czech "Svatý Václav", in German "Heilige Wenzel"
Wigstan of MerciaKing of MerciaLater became a monk.
William of GelloneCatholicCount of Toulouse

Saints exclusively in Eastern Orthodox religion[edit]

ImageNameRecognized BySovereigntyNotes
Alexander NevskyEastern Orthodox[31]Prince of Novgorod, Grand Prince of Kiev, & Grand Prince of Vladimir
Andrey BogolyubskyEastern OrthodoxGrand Prince of Vladimir
Archil of KakhetiEastern OrthodoxPrince of Kakheti[32]Martyr
Ashot I of IberiaEastern OrthodoxPrince of IberiaMartyr
Boris I of BulgariaEastern Orthodox[33]Knyaz of Bulgaria
Constantin BrâncoveanuEastern Orthodox[34]Prince of WallachiaMartyr
Constantine IVEastern OrthodoxRoman Emperor
David IV of GeorgiaEastern OrthodoxKing of Georgia
David of TrebizondEastern Orthodox[35]Emperor of Trebizond
Demetrius I of GeorgiaEastern OrthodoxKing of Georgia
Demetrius II of GeorgiaEastern OrthodoxKing of GeorgiaMartyr, also known as "Demetre the Self-Sacrificer"
Stefan DragutinEastern OrthodoxKing of Serbia
John III Doukas VatatzesEastern OrthodoxEmperor of NicaeaDied 1254, known as "John the Merciful" and "John III Doukas Vatatzes"
John IV Laskaris[citation needed]Eastern OrthodoxEmperor of NicaeaDied 1305, known as "John IV Laskaris" and "John IV Doukas Laskaris"
Justinian IIEastern OrthodoxByzantine emperorDied 711, known as "Justinian Rhinotmetos" ("ὁ Ῥινότμητος", "the slit nosed")
Lazar HrebeljanovićSerbian Orthodox ChurchKnez ("Prince" or "Duke") of SerbiaDied 1389, known as "Tsar Lazar", canonized by the Serbian Orthodox Church as "Свети Косовски Великомученик кнез Лазар" ("Holy Great-Martyr of Kosovo Prince Lazar"), known as "Свети Цар Лазар" ("Holy Tsar Lazar") (Serbian Orthodox)
Leo I the ThracianEastern OrthodoxRoman EmperorDied 474
Luarsab II of KartliEastern OrthodoxKing of KartliMartyr
Manuel IIEastern OrthodoxRoman EmperorDied 1425, known as "Manuel I Palaiologos" and "Manuel the Monk"
MarcianEastern OrthodoxRoman EmperorDied 457
Mikhail of TverEastern OrthodoxGrand Prince of VladimirMartyr
Milutin NemanjicEastern OrthodoxKing of SerbiaMartyr
Mirian III of IberiaEastern OrthodoxKing of IberiaDied 361
Neagoe BasarabEastern OrthodoxKing of Wallachia[36]
Nicholas II of RussiaEastern OrthodoxCzar of RussiaThe Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia canonized him in 1980 as a saint and martyr, the synod of the Russian Orthodox Church canonized him as a saint and passion bearer on 14 August 2000, in Russian "Царь-Мученик Николай II" ("Tsar-Martyr Nicholas II") and "Святой Страстотерпец Царь Николай II" ("Holy Passion-Bearer Tsar Nicholas II") (Eastern Orthodox);[37] see Canonization of the Romanovs
Nikephoros IIEastern OrthodoxRoman EmperorDied 969.
Peter of MuromEastern OrthodoxPrince of MuromHusband of Saint Fevronia of Murom
Peter I of BulgariaEastern OrthodoxTsar of BulgariaHe was the Tsar of the First Bulgarian Empire.
Solomon II of ImeretiEastern OrthodoxKing of Imereti
Stefan LazarevićEastern OrthodoxDespot of SerbiaKnown as "Stefan the Tall." He first ruled as a Prince of Serbia and then became despot.
Stefan NemanjaEastern OrthodoxGrand Prince of SerbiaCanonized as Saint Simeon the Myrrh-streaming
Stefan NemanjićEastern OrthodoxGrand Prince and King of SerbiaKnown as Stefan the First-Crowned
Stefan Uroš IIIEastern OrthodoxKing of SerbiaKnown also as Stefan Decanski
Stefan Uroš VEastern OrthodoxEmperor of Serbia
Stephen the Great, King of MoldaviaEastern Orthodoxrepaused 2 July 1504
Tamar of Georgia (died 1213)Georgian Orthodox Church (Eastern Orthodox)King of Georgia
Theodosius I, Roman Emperor (died 395)Eastern OrthodoxRoman Emperor
Theodosius II, Roman Emperor (died 450)Eastern OrthodoxRoman Emperor
Vakhtang I of IberiaEastern OrthodoxKing of Iberia
Vakhtang III of GeorgiaEastern OrthodoxKing of Georgia
VladislavEastern OrthodoxKing of Serbia[38]
Yaroslav the WiseEastern OrthodoxGrand Prince of Kiev[39]

Roman Catholic Beati, Venerabili, and Servants of God[edit]

The Roman Catholic Church classifies various holy persons who have not been canonized as saints in the lesser categories of beati, venerabili, and servants of God. These titles indicate grades on the path to canonization in that church.

ImageNameStatusSovereigntyNotes
CharlemagneBlessed[40]King of the Franks, King of the Romans, & Emperor of the RomansCultus fully permitted at Aachen[41]
Francis II of the Two SiciliesServant of GodKing of the Two SiciliesIn December 2020, Cardinal Sepe of Naples announced the opening of the process of beatification and canonization in the case of Francis II.
Henry II the PiousServant of God[42]High Duke of PolandThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Legnica opened up his cause for beatification in October 2015.
Humbert III of SavoyPre-CongregationCount of SavoyHe was venerated right after his death, pre-congregation. In 1838, Charles Albert, King of Sardinia and his descendant, tried and failed to have him beatified by Pope Gregory XVI.
Isabella I of CastileServant of GodQueen of CastileDeclared Servant of God in March 1974 & cause initially stopped in 1991.[43] In April 2020, Pope Francis requested that her cause be reopened.[44]
James I of AragonBlessed[45]King of Aragon King of Majorca Lord of Montpellier Count of BarcelonaCult in the order mercedarian.
James VII of ScotlandServant of GodKing of England, King of Ireland, King of ScotlandIn 1734, spurred on by the English Benedictines of Paris, Archbishop Charles-Gaspard-Guillaume de Vintimille du Luc of Paris opened the Cause for the deposed and exiled James VII and II, who had died in France in 1701 after the Revolution of 1688; a 2019 article in the Catholic Herald provoked renewed, though still small-scale, interest in the possibility of the king's eventual canonization.
Henry VI of EnglandCause opened[46]King of England, Heir and Regent of France, Lord of IrelandHe has been declared martyr and wonderworker.
Karl I of AustriaBlessedEmperor of Austria, King of Hungary, King of Croatia, & King of BohemiaBeatified by Pope John Paul II in October 2004.
Charles I of EnglandCause partially openedKing of England, King of Scotland, King of Wales and King of IrelandA Roman Catholic chapter of the Society of King Charles the Martyr was established by a group in the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of St. Peter with the blessing of Bishop Steven J. Lopes

Other royalty and nobility[edit]

This section enumerates Christian royalty, including consorts but not sovereigns, and nobility. Christian sovereigns, while also "royalty", are exclusively enumerated in "Monarchs" above.

Saints[edit]

Roman Catholic Beati, Venerabili, and Servants of God[edit]

The Roman Catholic Church classifies various holy persons who have not been canonized as saints in the inferior categories of beati, venerabili, and servants of God. These titles indicate grades on the path to canonization in that church.

Biblical royal saints[edit]

Melchizedek, the King of Salem, is venerated as a Saint and appears to be among the earliest Royalty in the Bible. Joseph is venerated as a Saint, within Christianity, with one apocryphal text (Joseph and Asenath) suggesting he may have even become Pharaoh after his work as Vizier in Egypt.[67] Moses is also considered to have been saved, and is sometimes thought to have been a member of the Egyptian Royal family. King David of the Biblical Kingdom of Israel and his successors Hezekiah and Josiah of the southern Kingdom of Judah are traditionally considered to be Saints by Catholic teaching.[68][69]

In the New Testament genealogies, Jesus Christ is a descendant of King David and has been proclaimed by the Catholic Church as King of the Universe.[70] His mother, Mary, is also celebrated within Catholic teaching as Queen of Heaven. Within tradition, she too is a descendant of King David, as were both her parents - Sts. Joachim and Anne. Medieval traditions would include within this number some of the Apostles, as part of a broader kinship to Christ.[71]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  2. ^ The Roman Martyrology (Baltimore: John Murphy, 1916): 57.
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  5. ^ Online, Catholic. "St. Alfred the Great - Saints & Angels". Catholic Online. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
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  8. ^ "BRYCHAN, saint (fl. mid 5th century)". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
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  13. ^ "Unauthorized Request Blocked". www.ewtn.com.
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  15. ^ "Worship > Common Worship > The Calendar > Holy Days". Prayer & Worship. Church of England. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  16. ^ "San Costantino".
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  18. ^ "St. Constantine". faith.nd.edu.
  19. ^ http://www.stconstantine.org/OurParish/OurPatronSaint/index.php
  20. ^ "Saint Constantine Ukrainian Catholic Church - Patron Saint". www.stconstantine.org.
  21. ^ Thurston & Attwater, Butler’s Lives of the Saints, pp. 383–4.
  22. ^ "St. Eberhard of Friuli - Saints & Angels".
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  24. ^ Jump up to:a b "Abrehā von Äthiopien und Gefährten - Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon". www.heiligenlexikon.de (in German). Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  25. ^ Zeno. "Lexikoneintrag zu »Malcolmus (1)«. Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, Band 4. Augsburg ..." www.zeno.org (in German). Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  26. ^ Zeno. "Lexikoneintrag zu »Malcolmus (2)«. Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, Band 4. Augsburg ..." www.zeno.org (in German). Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  27. ^ Online, Catholic. "St. Pabo - Saints & Angels". Catholic Online.
  28. ^ Jump up to:a b Łysakowska, Elżbieta. "Święci: Tiridates III i królowa Aszchen". www.ordynariat.ormianie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  29. ^ Jump up to:a b c Łysakowska, Elżbieta. "Wspomnienia świętych w 5. tygodniu po Zesłaniu Ducha Świętego". www.ordynariat.ormianie.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  30. ^ Online, Catholic. "St. Vladimir - Saints & Angels". Catholic Online.
  31. ^ "Sant' Alessandro Nevskij". Santiebeati.it.
  32. ^ Machitadze, Archpriest Zakaria. 2007. "Holy Royal Martyrs Archil and Luarsab" Archived 17 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine. The Lives of the Georgian Saints. Pravoslavie.Ru. Accessed on 11 November 2007.
  33. ^ "San Boris Michele I". Santiebeati.it.
  34. ^ "San Costantino Brancoveanu".
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  36. ^ "San Neagoe Basarab".
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  39. ^ "Благоверный князь Яросла́в Мудрый". azbyka.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 1 July 2021.
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  42. ^ "Thirteenth Century". newsaints.faithweb.com.
  43. ^ "Cause for Canonization of Servant of God Queen Isabel the Catholic". www.queenisabel.com. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  44. ^ "Pope Pleads the Cause of Isabelle the Catholic". 9 May 2020.
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  50. ^ "Blanka". DEON.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  51. ^ "San Bojan detto Enravota".
  52. ^ The Coming of the Saints, Artisan Sales, 1985, p. 160-161
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  62. ^ "St. Vartan and the Battle of Avarayr". The Armenian Church. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
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  65. ^ See link: http://www.reinacatolica.org/causa.html
  66. ^ "Rycheza". DEON.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 29 September 2021.
  67. ^ Joseph and Asenath. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1918. p. 78.
  68. ^ Online, Catholic. "Litany to Old Testament Saints - Prayers". Catholic Online.
  69. ^ This Rock Quick Questions, Volume 14, Issue 5.[https://web.archive.org/web/20100114045922/http://www.catholic.com/thisrock/quickquestions/keyword/Old%20Testament/page4 Archived 14 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
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