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Muhammad ibn Hamid al-Asturlabi was a Persian astrolabe maker and inventor from the Seljuk period in Isfahan, Iran.
The four double dials, each of which can be set in 16 positions, allows for 4,294,967,296 combinations.
When the right combination is entered, it releases the inner metal plate, attached both to an external handle and to the locking mechanism itself.
This intricate design highlights the advanced state of mechanical arts and geometric knowledge in medieval Iran, centuries before modern combination locks were developed.
