گروه بیلدربرگ (به انگلیسی: Bilderberg Group) نام کنفرانسی غیررسمی است که هر ساله به صورت کاملاً خصوصی و محرمانه در نقطه‌ای از جهان برگزار می‌شود. اعضای گروه بیلدربرگ تماماً انتصابی هستند و تعداد ایشان به حدود ۱۳۰ نفر می‌رسد.[۱] تمامی اعضا از قدرتمندترین و با نفوذترین افراد در زمینه‌های سیاست، اقتصاد و رسانه هستند.[۲] بسیاری از پادشاهان و اعضای خاندان‌های سلطنتی کشورهای غربی از اعضای دائم گروه بیلدربرگ هستند.

 

 

اعضای گروه بیلدربرگ در کنفرانس سالیانه خود، در مورد مسائل جاری سیاسی و اقتصادی جهان به صورت محرمانه با یکدیگر تبادل نظر و برای آینده جهان برنامه ریزی و مشورت می‌کنند.

 

گروه بیلدربرگ نام خود را از هتلی در کشور هلند می‌گیرد که برای نخستین بار در سال ۱۹۵۴، میزبان اعضای کنفرانس بود.[۳] دفتر گروه بیلدربرگ در شهر لیدن در استان هلند جنوبی و در نزدیکی شهر لاهه در کشور هلند قرار دارد.[۴]

فهرست برخی از اعضای گروه بیلدربرگ[ویرایش]نقشه بر اساس تعداد اعضای شرکت‌کننده در گروه

مقالهٔ اصلی: فهرست شرکت‌کنندگان در گروه بیلدربرگ

 

فهرست زیر شامل افرادی است که در گذشته یا در زمان حال در گروه بیلدربرگ عضویت داشته و دارند. از این افراد، برخی از اعضای دائم گروه بیلدربرگ هستند و برخی تنها در زمانی خاص در همایش‌های سالیانه گروه بیلدربرگ به عنوان «مهمان» دعوت شده‌اند.[۵]

اعضای خاندان‌های سلطنتی[ویرایش]پرنس فیلیپ همسر الیزابت دوم، ملکه بریتانیا و دوک ادینبورو

پرنس چارلز ولیعهد بریتانیا و پرنس ولز (از ۱۹۸۶ میلادی-اکنون)

ملکه بئاتریکس هلند

کلاوس فون آمسبرگ، همسر ملکه هلند

ویلم الکساندر، ولیعهد هلند (۲۰۰۱)

خوآن کارلوس اول، پادشاه اسپانیا

ملکه سوفیا، همسر خوآن کارلوس پادشاه اسپانیا

شاهزاده اینفانتا کریستینا، دختر خوآن کارلوس پادشاه اسپانیا

فیلیپ بلژیک، ولیعهد بلژیک

کارل گوستاو شانزدهم، پادشاه سوئد

هانس ادام دوم، شاهزاده لیختن اشتاین

پرنس الکس، شاهزاده دانمارک

سیاست‌مداران[ویرایش]

انگلستان[ویرایش]گوردن براون نخست‌وزیر سابق بریتانیا (از سال ۱۹۹۱ تا ۲۰۱۱ میلادی)

تونی بلر وزیر اسبق بریتانیا و میانجی گروه چهارجانبه صلح خاورمیانه معروف به «کورتیت»

جان میجر نخست‌وزیر اسبق بریتانیا

مارگارت تاچر نخست‌وزیر اسبق بریتانیا

جیمز کالاهان نخست‌وزیر اسبق بریتانیا

ادوارد هیث نخست‌وزیر اسبق بریتانیا

هارولد ویلسون نخست‌وزیر اسبق بریتانیا

فرانسه[ویرایش]لیونل ژوسپن نخست‌وزیر اسبق جمهوری فرانسه

ژرژ پمپیدو نخست‌وزیر اسبق جمهوری فرانسه

دومینیک دوویلپن نخست‌وزیر اسبق جمهوری فرانسه (سال ۲۰۰۳ میلادی)

لوران فابیوس نخست‌وزیر اسبق جمهوری فرانسه

میشل روکارد نخست‌وزیر اسبق جمهوری فرانسه

پیر بروگووی نخست‌وزیر اسبق جمهوری فرانسه

آلمان[ویرایش]آنگلا مرکل صدراعظم سابق آلمان (از سال ۲۰۰۵ میلادی-۲۰۲۱)

گرهارد شرودر، صدراعظم سابق آلمان

هلموت کهل، صدراعظم اسبق آلمان

هلموت اشمیت، صدراعظم اسبق آلمان

ریچارد فُن وایتس‌زِکِر، رئیس‌جمهور اسبق آلمان

پِر اشتاین‌بروک، وزیر اسبق اقتصاد آلمان

منابع[ویرایش]

↑ "Homepage". Bildberg Meetings (به انگلیسی). Archived from the original on 20 اكتبر 2018. Retrieved 2019-06-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)

↑ «ملاقات سری 'نخبگان'؛ گروه بیلدربرگ چیست و چرا مخفیانه است؟». BBC Farsi. ۲۰۱۹-۰۶-۰۱. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۱۹-۰۶-۰۲.

↑ "brief history". Bildberg Meetings (به انگلیسی). Retrieved 2019-06-02.

↑ «همایش محرمانه بیلدربرگ چیست و امسال کجا برگزار می‌شود؟». fa.euronews.com. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۱۹-۰۶-۰۲.

↑ "Meetings". Bildberg Meetings (به انگلیسی). Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 2019-06-02.

در ویکی‌انبار پرونده‌هایی دربارهٔ گروه بیلدربرگ موجود است.

 

 

 

رده‌ها: انجمن‌های سری

بنیان‌گذاری‌های ۱۹۵۴ (میلادی) در هلند

تجارت بین‌الملل

سازمان‌های بنیان‌گذاری‌شده در ۱۹۵۴ (میلادی)

سازمان‌های بین‌المللی غیردولتی

سازمان‌های لابی‌گری

فراملی‌گرایی

گروه بیلدربرگ

تئوری‌های توطئه

این صفحه آخرین‌بار در ‏۲ ژانویهٔ ۲۰۲۴ ساعت ‏۱۳:۲۱ ویرایش شده است.

Bilderberg meeting
Bilderberg Hotel in the Netherlands, eponymous location of the first conference in 1954 51.9898°N 5.8176°E
Formation 29 May 1954; 70 years ago

Membership c. 150 invitees, smaller core group

Co-Chair of the Steering Committee
Victor Halberstadt
Marie-Josée Kravis
Website bilderbergmeetings.org


The Bilderberg Meeting (also known as the "Bilderberg Group", "Bilderberg Conference" or "Bilderberg Club") is an annual off-the-record forum established in 1954 to foster dialogue between Europe and North America. The group's agenda, originally to prevent another world war, is now defined as bolstering a consensus around free market Western capitalism and its interests around the globe. Participants include political leaders, experts, captains of industry, finance, academia, numbering between 120 and 150. Attendees are entitled to use information gained at meetings, but not attribute it to a named speaker (known as the Chatham House Rule). The group states that the purpose of this is to encourage candid debate while at the same time maintaining privacy, but critics from a wide range of viewpoints have called it into question, and it has provoked conspiracy theories from both the left and right.

Meetings were chaired by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands until 1975. The current Chairman is French businessman Henri de Castries. Since 1954, the meeting has taken place every year except in 1976, when it was cancelled due to the Lockheed bribery scandals involving Prince Bernhard,[1] and in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[2] Lisbon hosted the 69th meeting in 2023.[3]
Origin[edit]
Main article: 1954 Bilderberg Conference

The first conference was held at the Bilderberg Hotel (Hotel de Bilderberg) in Oosterbeek, Netherlands, from 29 to 31 May 1954.[4][5] The hotel gave its name both to the group and to the "Bilderbergers" who participate in its activities. The hotel is situated in a quiet location, approximately 7 km west of the city of Arnhem.[6] It is owned and operated by the Bilderberg hotel chain, which runs 12 hotels and an event location in the Netherlands and one hotel in Germany.[7] At the time of the 1954 conference, it was a medium-sized family-run hotel.[6]

The conference was initiated by several people, including Polish politician-in-exile Józef Retinger who, concerned about the growth of anti-Americanism in Western Europe, proposed an international conference at which leaders from European countries and the United States would be brought together with the aim of promoting Atlanticism—better understanding between the cultures of the United States and Western Europe to foster cooperation on political, economic, and defense issues.[8][9]

Retinger approached Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands[10] who agreed to promote the idea, together with former Belgian prime minister Paul van Zeeland, and the then head of Unilever, Paul Rijkens. Bernhard in turn contacted Walter Bedell Smith, the then head of the CIA, who asked Eisenhower adviser Charles Douglas Jackson to deal with the suggestion.[11] The guest list was to be drawn up by inviting two attendees from each nation, one of each to represent "conservative" and "liberal" points of view.[9] Fifty delegates from 11 countries in Western Europe attended the first conference, along with 11 Americans.[12]

The success of the meeting led the organizers to arrange an annual conference. A permanent steering committee was established with Retinger appointed as permanent secretary. As well as organizing the conference, the steering committee also maintained a register of attendee names and contact details with the aim of creating an informal network of individuals who could call upon one another in a private capacity.[13] Conferences were held in France, Germany, and Denmark over the following three years. In 1957, the first U.S. conference was held on St. Simons Island, Georgia, with $30,000 from the Ford Foundation. The foundation also supplied funding for the 1959 and 1963 conferences.[11]
Participants[edit]
Main article: List of Bilderberg participants

The participants are between 120 and 150 people, including political leaders, experts from industry, finance, academia and the media.[8] About two thirds of the participants come from Europe and the rest from North America; one third from politics and government and the rest from other fields.[8][5] Historically, attendee lists have been weighted toward bankers, politicians, directors of large businesses[14] and board members from large publicly traded corporations, including Wallenberg-owned conglomerate holding company Investor AB and other Wallenberg-owned multinationals such as Ericsson and ABB, IBM, Xerox, Royal Dutch Shell, Nokia and Daimler.[15] Heads of state, including former King Juan Carlos I of Spain and former Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, have attended meetings.[15][16] A source connected to the group told The Daily Telegraph in 2013 that other individuals, whose names are not publicly issued, sometimes turn up "just for the day" at the group's meetings.[17]

The banker and industrialist Marcus Wallenberg Jr. was a member of the steering committee and attended the meeting twenty-two times from the 1950s to 1981, a year prior to his death. His grandson Marcus Wallenberg has attended it eight times and his other grandson, Jacob Wallenberg, seventeen times.[18]
Meetings[edit]
Further information: List of Bilderberg meetings
Activities and goals[edit]

The group's original goal of promoting Atlanticism, of strengthening U.S.-European relations and preventing another world war has grown; according to Andrew Kakabadse, the Bilderberg Group's theme is to "bolster a consensus around free-market Western capitalism and its interests around the globe".[5] In 2001, Denis Healey, a Bilderberg group founder and a steering committee member for 30 years, said, "To say we were striving for a one-world government is exaggerated, but not wholly unfair. Those of us in Bilderberg felt we couldn't go on forever fighting one another for nothing and killing people and rendering millions homeless. So we felt that a single community throughout the world would be a good thing."[19]

According to the web page of the group, the meetings are conducted under the Chatham House Rule, allowing the participants to use any information they gained during the meeting, but not to disclose the names of the speakers or any other participants. According to former chairman Étienne Davignon in 2011, a major attraction of Bilderberg group meetings is that they provide an opportunity for participants to speak and debate candidly and to find out what major figures really think, without the risk of off-the-cuff comments becoming fodder for controversy in the media.[20] A 2008 press release from the "American Friends of Bilderberg" stated that "Bilderberg's only activity is its annual Conference and that at the meetings, no resolutions were proposed, no votes taken, and no policy statements issued."[21] However, in November 2009, the group hosted a dinner meeting at the Château of Val-Duchesse in Brussels outside its annual conference to promote the candidacy of Herman Van Rompuy for President of the European Council.[22]
Organizational structure[edit]

Meetings are organized by a steering committee with two members from each of approximately 18 nations.[23] Official posts include a chairman and an Honorary Secretary General.[15] The group's rules do not contain a membership category but former participants receive the annual conference reports.[24] The only category that exists is "member of the steering committee".[25] Besides the committee, there is a separate advisory group with overlapping membership.[26]

Dutch economist Ernst van der Beugel became permanent secretary in 1960, upon Retinger's death. Prince Bernhard continued to serve as the meeting's chairman until 1976, the year of his involvement in the Lockheed affair. The position of Honorary American Secretary General has been held successively by Joseph E. Johnson of the Carnegie Endowment; William Bundy of Princeton University; Theodore L. Eliot Jr., former U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan; and Casimir A. Yost of Georgetown University's Institute for the Study of Diplomacy.[27]

According to James A. Bill, the "steering committee usually met twice a year to plan programs and to discuss the participant list".[28]

In 2002, in Them: Adventures with Extremists, author Jon Ronson wrote that the group has a small central office in Holland [sic] which each year decides what country will host the forthcoming meeting. The host country then has to book an entire hotel for four days, plus arrange catering, transport and security. To fund this, the host solicits donations from sympathetic corporations such as Barclays, Fiat Automobiles, GlaxoSmithKline, Heinz, Nokia and Xerox.[29]
Chairmen of the Steering Committee[edit]
Chairmen of the Steering
Committee of the Bilderberg MeetingsTenure as ChairmanCountryOffice(s)
 Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld
(1911–2004) 29 May 1954 – 29 September 1976
(22 years, 123 days)
[30] Netherlands Prince consort of the Netherlands
(1948–1980)
Inspector general of the Armed forces of the Netherlands
(1970–1976)
Inspector general of the Royal Netherlands Air Force
(1953–1970)
Inspector general of the Royal Netherlands Navy
(1946–1970)
Inspector general of the Royal Netherlands Army
(1945–1970)
Commander-in-chief of the Armed forces of the Netherlands
(1944–1945)
 Alec Douglas-Home,
Baron Home of the Hirsel
(1903–1995) 22 April 1977 – 20 April 1980
(2 years, 364 days)
[30] United Kingdom Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
(1963–1964)
Leader of the Conservative Party
(1963–1965)
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
(1960–1963, 1970–1974)
Lord President of the Council
(1957, 1959–1960)
Leader of the House of Lords
(1957–1960)
Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations
(1955–1960)
Member of the House of Lords
(1951–1963, 1974–1995)
Member of Parliament
(1931–1945, 1950–1951, 1963–1974)
 Walter Scheel
(1919–2016) 15 May 1981 – 12 May 1985
(3 years, 362 days)
[31][32] Germany President of Germany
(1974–1979)
(Acting) Chancellor of Germany
(1974)
Vice-Chancellor
(1969–1974)
Minister of Foreign Affairs
(1969–1974)
Leader of the Free Democratic Party
(1968–1974)
Minister of Economic Cooperation
(1961–1969)
Member of the European Parliament
(1956–1961)
Member of the Bundestag
(1953–1974)
Eric Roll, Baron Roll of Ipsden
(1907–2005) 25 April 1986 – 14 May 1989
(3 years, 19 days)
[33] United Kingdom Member of the House of Lords
(1977–2005)
 Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington
(1919–2018) 11 May 1990 – 17 May 1998
(8 years, 6 days)
[12][34] United Kingdom Secretary General of NATO
(1984–1988)
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
(1979–1982)
Secretary of State for Energy
(1974)
Chairman of the Conservative Party
(1972–1974)
Secretary of State for Defence
(1970–1974)
Leader of the House of Lords
(1963–1964)
Minister without portfolio
(1963–1964)
First Lord of the Admiralty
(1959–1963)
High Commissioner to Australia
(1956–1959)
Member of the House of Lords
(1941–2018)
 Étienne Davignon, Viscount Davignon
(born 1932) 3 June 1999 – 12 June 2011
(12 years, 9 days)
[23][35][36] Belgium European Commissioner for Industrial Affairs and Energy
(1981–1985)
European Commissioner for Internal Market,
Customs Union and Industrial Affairs
(1977–1981)
 Henri de Castries, 5th Count of Castries
(born 1954) 31 May 2012 – 2019
(7 years)
[37] France Chairman and CEO of AXA (2000–2016)

Criticism[edit]

There have been long standing concerns about lobbying,[38][39] since senior policymakers meet with corporate lobbyists, and in the case of the 2015 meeting even with senior figures at Transparency International.[40]

Partly because of its working methods to ensure strict privacy and secrecy,[41] the Bilderberg Group has been criticised for its lack of transparency and accountability.[42] Ian Richardson sees Bilderberg as the transnational power elite, "an integral, and to some extent critical, part of the existing system of global governance", that is "not acting in the interests of the whole". Many of these critics have emphasized that they do not accept or do not believe that there is enough evidence to support the diversity of conspiracy theories that have arisen in regard to the group and that they disapprove of what they regard as their unpleasant associations and connotations.[43] For example, an article by the English commentator Charlie Skelton in The Guardian in June 2017 criticized the world view expressed in an agenda published by the Bilderberg group without engaging in speculation about conspiratorial activities.[44]
Conspiracy theories[edit]

The secrecy of the proceedings has led not only to varied criticism of the group and its activities from across the political spectrum but also to a number of conspiracy theories,[45][20][46] which have grown especially popular within certain political movements, although the different factions of theorists often disagree about the exact nature of the group's intentions and use different sources and levels of evidentiary rigor to back up their conjectures. Some on the left, or of less specific political affiliations, accuse the Bilderberg group either of covertly imposing or generally propping up capitalist domination and corporate power,[47] while some on the right have accused the group of imposing or helping to prepare the way for a world government and a global planned economy. The right-wing theorists tend to treat the group as the central directorate or planning arm of the conspiracy or at least attribute considerable importance to its role, whereas most of the left-wing and more loosely-affiliated or apolitical theorists treat it as just one of a set of institutions that help to advance international corporate interests and ideology.[48]

In 2005, Davignon discussed accusations of the group striving for a one-world government with the BBC: "It is unavoidable and it doesn't matter. There will always be people who believe in conspiracies but things happen in a much more incoherent fashion. ... When people say this is a secret government of the world I say that if we were a secret government of the world we should be bloody ashamed of ourselves."[46]

In a 1994 report, Right Woos Left, published by the Political Research Associates, investigative journalist Chip Berlet argued that right-wing populist conspiracy theories about the Bilderberg group date back to as early as 1964 and can be found in Phyllis Schlafly's self-published book A Choice, Not an Echo,[49] which promoted a conspiracy theory in which the Republican Party was secretly controlled by elitist intellectuals dominated by members of the Bilderberg group, whose internationalist policies would pave the way for world communism.[50]

In August 2010, former Cuban president Fidel Castro wrote an article for the Cuban Communist Party newspaper Granma in which he cited Daniel Estulin's 2006 book The Secrets of the Bilderberg Club,[51] which, as quoted by Castro, describes "sinister cliques and the Bilderberg lobbyists" manipulating the public "to install a world government that knows no borders and is not accountable to anyone but its own self."[47]

Proponents of Bilderberg conspiracy theories in the United States include such groups and individuals such as the John Birch Society,[48][52] political activist Phyllis Schlafly,[52] writer Jim Tucker,[53] political activist Lyndon LaRouche,[54] conspiracy theorist Alex Jones,[5][55][56] and politician Jesse Ventura, who made the Bilderberg group a topic of a 2009 episode of his TruTV series Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura.[57] Although conspiracy theories about the Bilderberg Group have gained the most widespread credence by far in the United States, some high-profile non-American proponents have raised them as well, including Lithuanian writer Daniel Estulin[58] and British politician Nigel Farage.[59]
See also[edit]Bohemian Club
Chatham House (The Royal Institute of International Affairs)
Council on Foreign Relations
Le Cercle
Transnational capitalist class
Trilateral Commission
Valdai Discussion Club
World Economic Forum
References[edit]
^ "U.S. to Urge Pact in U.N. to Combat Business Bribes". The New York Times. 6 March 1976. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
^ Skelton, Charlie (4 June 2022). "Bilderberg reconvenes in person after two-year pandemic gap". the Guardian. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
^ "Press release 2023".
^ Atlas Obscura, "Hotel de Bilderberg"
^ Jump up to:a b c d "Bilderberg mystery: Why do people believe in cabals?". BBC News. 7 June 2011. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
^ Jump up to:a b Gijswijt, Thomas, W., Informal Alliance: The Bilderberg Group and Transatlantic Relations during the Cold War, 1952–1968 (2018), Routledge. "The Hotel de Bilderberg was a medium-sized family-run hotel, chosen mainly for its quiet and remote location in the forests of the eastern Netherlands. It was not a particularly fancy hotel...but security was relatively easy to maintain since there was only one access road."
^ Bilderberg hotels
^ Jump up to:a b c "About Bilderberg Meetings". Bilderberg Meetings the Official Website. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
^ Jump up to:a b Hatch, Alden (1962). "The Hôtel de Bilderberg". HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands: An authorized biography. London: Harrap. OCLC 2359663. The idea was to get two people from each country who would give the conservative and liberal slant
^ "Japan–US Relations – Past, Present and Future". Daily Yomiuri. 8 December 1991. Rockefeller: The idea (of creating the Trilateral Commission) was incorporated in a speech that I made in the spring of 1972 for the benefit of some industrial forums that the Chase held in different cities around Europe, … Then Zbig (Zbig Brzezinski) and I both attended a meeting of the Bilderberg Group … and was shot down in flames. There was very little enthusiasm for the idea. I think they felt that they had a very congenial group, and they didn't want to have it interfered with by another element that would—I don't know what they thought, but in any case, they were not in favor.
^ Jump up to:a b Aubourg, Valerie (June 2003). "Organizing Atlanticism: the Bilderberg Group and the Atlantic Institute 1952–63". Intelligence & National Security. 18 (2): 92–105. doi:10.1080/02684520412331306760. S2CID 153892953.
^ Jump up to:a b Rockefeller, David (2002). Memoirs. New York: Random House. p. 412. ISBN 978-0679405887.
^ Hatch, Alden (1962). "The Hôtel de Bilderberg". HRH Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands: An authorized biography. London: Harrap. OCLC 2359663. anybody who has ever been to a Bilderberg Conference should be able to feel that he can, in a private capacity, call on any former member he has met
^ Moorehead, Caroline (18 April 1977). "An exclusive club, perhaps without power, but certainly with influence: The Bilderberg group". The Times. London.
^ Jump up to:a b c "Bilderberg Meeting of 1997 Assembles" (Press release). PR Newswire. 13 June 1997. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011.
^ Oliver, Mark (4 June 2004). "The Bilderberg group". The Guardian. London.
^ "Bilderberg Group? No conspiracy, just the most influential group in the world". The Daily Telegraph (London). 6 June 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
^ Karl, Hellberg (11 August 2018). "Bilderberggruppen och Wallenberg bakom selekteringen av svenskt regeringsstyre sedan 1950-talet". Newsvoice.
^ Ronson, Jon (10 March 2001). "Who pulls the strings? (part 3)". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 14 May 2009.
^ Jump up to:a b "A special report on global leaders". The Economist. 22 January 2011. pp. 12–14.
^ "Bilderberg Announces 2008 Conference". businesswire.com. BusinessWire. 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
^ Waterfield, Bruno (16 November 2009). "EU Presidency candidate Herman Van Rompuy calls for new taxes". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. during a secret dinner to promote his candidacy hosted by the elite Bilderberg Group
^ Jump up to:a b "Inside the secretive Bilderberg Group". BBC News. 29 September 2005. Archived from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
^ Introduction p. 3 in Bilderberg meetings, Schnews, 1999
^ "Parliamentary questions: Answer given by Mr Prodi on behalf of the Commission". European Parliament. 15 May 2003.
^ Entry for Conrad Black, The International Who's Who. Europa Publications. 2000. ISBN 9781857430509.
^ "Bilderberg: List of Invitees" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. 31 January 1996. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 May 2006. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
^ Bill, James A. (August 1998). George Ball: Behind the Scenes in U.S. Foreign Policy. Yale University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0300076462.
^ Ronson, Jon (2015) [First published 2002]. Them: Adventures with Extremists. London: Picador Classic. pp. 271–72. ISBN 978-1447275466.
^ Jump up to:a b "Twenty-fifth Bilderberg meeting held in St joseph MO". Facts on File World News Digest. 14 May 1977.
^ "Bilderberg Meetings Conference Report 1981".
^ "Bilderberg Meetings Conference Report 1985".
^ Who's Who. 1999.
^ "Bilderberg Meetings Conference Report 1990".
^ "Booklet of the 1999 annual conference". Schnews. Archived from the original on 2 March 2000.
^ "Final List of Participants of the 2011 Bilderberg annual conference". Official website. Archived from the original on 28 August 2011.
^ "Final List of Participants of the 2012 Bilderberg annual conference". Bilderberg Meetings. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013.
^ "Bilderberg Conference Watford 'Too Secret'". Sky News. 6 June 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^ Jones, Nelson (10 June 2013). "My brush with Bilderberg". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^ Charlie Skelton (14 June 2015). "Bilderberg 2015: TTIP and a travesty of transparency". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
^ "Confirmed: Secretive Bilderberg Meeting to be held in Switzerland from May 30th". www.thelocal.ch. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
^ Meacher, Michael; Skelton, Charlie (11 June 2013). "Bilderberg 2013: The sun sets on Watford". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^ Richardson, Ian (31 May 2012). "Chantilly Laced: Holding Bilderberg and the Transnational Policy Elite to Account". Huffington Post. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ Skelton, Charlie (2 June 2017). "Bilderberg: the world's most secretive conference is as out of touch as ever". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
^ Gowen, Annie (2 June 2012). "Is Bilderberg a conference on world affairs or a powerful global cabal? Depends on who you ask". The Washington Post.
^ Jump up to:a b Bill Hayton (29 September 2005). "Inside the secretive Bilderberg Group". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 February 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
^ Jump up to:a b Weissert, Will (10 August 2010). "Fidel Castro fascinated by Bilderberg Club conspiracy theory". The Christian Science Monitor. Boston. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
^ Jump up to:a b Wallechinsky, David; Wallace, Irving (1975). "The Bilderberg Group Part 2". The People's Almanac. Doubleday. cited paragraphs. ISBN 978-0385040600.
^ Phyllis Schlafly, A Choice Not an Echo: The Inside Story of How American Presidents Are Chosen (Pere Marquette Press, 1964) ISBN 0686114868
^ Chip Berlet (1994). "The New Right & the Secular Humanism Conspiracy Theory".
^ Daniel Estulin, Los secretos del club Bilderberg (Ediciones del Bronce, 2006).
^ Jump up to:a b Berlet, Chip (2000). "John Birch Society". Retrieved 6 October 2010.
^ Iain Hollingshead (4 June 2010). "The Bilderberg Group: fact and fantasy". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
^ King, Dennis (1979). "NCLC'S Private Intelligence Agency". Our Town. New York. Retrieved 14 May 2009.
^ Dixon, Hayley (9 June 2013). "'Idiot' Bilderberg conspiracy theorist disrupts BBC politics show". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013.
^ Taylor, Adam (9 June 2013). "Conspiracy Theorist Alex Jones Goes Berserk During BBC Show". Business Insider. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
^ "List of Season 1 episodes for Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura". truTV. 30 December 2009. Archived from the original on 8 October 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
^ Bruce Ramsey (30 July 2009). "That Bilderberg Book". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
^ Walker, Peter (6 May 2019). "Nigel Farage under fire over 'antisemitic tropes' on far-right US talkshow". Guardian News & Media Limited. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
Further reading[edit]
Ronson, Jon (2001). Them: Adventures with Extremists. London: Picador. ISBN 978-0330375467.
Eringer, Robert (1980). The Global Manipulators. Bristol, England: Pentacle Books. OCLC 26551991.
Estulin, Daniel (2007). The True Story of the Bilderberg Group. Oregon: Trine Day. ISBN 978-0977795345.
Gijswijt, Thomas W. (2019). Informal Alliance: The Bilderberg Group And Transatlantic Relations During The Cold War, 1952–1968. London: Routledgey. ISBN 978-0815396741.
Hodapp, Christopher; Alice Von Kannon (2008). Conspiracy Theories & Secret Societies For Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN 978-0470184080.
Richardson, Ian N.; Andrew P. Kakabadse; Nada K. Kakabadse (2011). Bilderberg People: Elite power and consensus in world affairs. Hoboken, NJ: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415576352.
Klimczuk, Stephen; Gerald Warner (2010). Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries: Uncovering Mysterious Sites, Symbols and Societies. Sterling. ISBN 978-1402762079.
Retinger, J.H (August 1956). The bilderberg group. – A short essay on the origins of the group
External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bilderberg Group.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Bilderberg Meeting.
Official website of the Bilderberg conference (since 2010)
Hotel Website – English Version
Bilderberg: The Ultimate Conspiracy Theory
Ex-BBC journalist Tony Gosling: published history on Josef Retinger, Prince Bernhard and Bilderberg group origins
Dunning, Brian (28 September 2010). "Skeptoid #225: Beware the Bilderberg Group!". Skeptoid.



Categories: Bilderberg Meeting
1954 establishments in the Netherlands
Conspiracy theories
Organizations established in 1954
Transnationalism
Conspiracy theories in the Netherlands
Recurring events established in 1954
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This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "List of Bilderberg participants" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

The following is a list of prominent persons who are known to have attended one or more conferences organized by the Bilderberg meeting. The list is currently organized by category. It is not a complete list and it includes both living and deceased people. Where known, the year(s) they attended are denoted in parentheses, while years denoting unrelated titles and positions are in brackets.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Royalty[edit]

Belgium[edit]

·         King Philippe of Belgium (2007–2009, 2012)^{[1][2][3][original research?]}

United Kingdom[edit]

·         King Charles III, Commonwealth realms (1986)^[4][5]

·         Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Commonwealth realms (1965, 1967)^[6][7](deceased)

Netherlands[edit]

·         Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (1997, 2000, 2006, 2008–2015)^{[8][2][9][10][3][11][12][13]}

·         Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (1954–1975)^[14][15]

·         King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (2008, 2016)^[2][16]

Norway[edit]

·         King Harald V of Norway^[17] (1984^[18])

·         Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway (2011)^{[19][better source needed]}

Spain[edit]

·         Juan Carlos I of Spain, King of Spain (2004)^[20]

·         Queen Sofía of Spain (2008–2011, 2014)^[9][2][10]

Politics[edit]

Austria[edit]

·         Werner Faymann (2009,^[21] 2011,^{[10][better source needed]} 2012^[3])^{[original research?]} Chancellor [2008–2016]

·         Heinz Fischer (2010,^[22] 2015^[23]) Federal President [2004–2016]^[24]

·         Alfred Gusenbauer (2007,^[25] 2015^{[23][original research?]}) Chancellor [2007–2008]

·         Andreas Schieder (2016),^[16] Chairman, Social Democratic Group

Belgium[edit]

·         Yasmine Kherbache [nl] (2016),^[16] MP, Flemish Parliament

·         Charles Michel (2016),^[16] Prime Minister

·         Paul-Henri Spaak (1963),^[26] Former Prime Minister and Secretary General of NATO, (deceased)

Canada[edit]

·         Gordon Campbell (2010),^[22] Premier of British Columbia [2001–2011]

·         Mike Harris (2006),^[27] Premier of Ontario [1995–2002]^{[citation needed]}

·         Jason Kenney (2014),^[12] Premier of Alberta [2019–2022]

·         Bernard Lord (2006),^[27] Premier of New Brunswick (1999–2006)

·         Frank McKenna (2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013),^[2][28] Premier of New Brunswick [1987–1997]

·         Bill Morneau (2016–2017),^[16][29] Minister of Finance [2015–2020]

·         Alison Redford (2012),^{[3][original research?]} Premier of Alberta [2011–2014]

·         Brad Wall (2013),^[11] Premier of Saskatchewan [2007–2018]

·         Nigel S. Wright (2012)^[30] Chief of Staff, Office of the Prime Minister of Canada [2011–2013]

Prime Ministers[edit]

·         Lester B. Pearson (1968),^[31] Prime Minister of Canada [1963–1968], (deceased)

·         Pierre Elliott Trudeau (1968),^[27] Prime Minister of Canada [1968–1979, 1980–1984], (deceased)

·         Jean Chrétien (1996),^[32] Prime Minister of Canada [1993–2003]

·         Paul Martin (1996),^[32] Prime Minister of Canada [2003–2006]

·         Stephen Harper (2003),^[27] Prime Minister of Canada [2006–2015]

China[edit]

·         Fu Ying (2011, 2012),^[3][33] Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, former Ambassador to the UK and Australia

Czech Republic[edit]

·         Karel Schwarzenberg (2008)^[34][2]

·         Karel Kovanda (1998)^[34]

·         Michael Žantovský (1999,^[34] 2003^[35])

·         Vladimír Dlouhý^[34]

·         Jiří Pehe (2001)^[34]

Denmark[edit]

·         Thomas Ahrenkiel (2016),^[16] Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Defence

·         Søren Pind (2016),^[16] Minister of Justice

European Union[edit]

European Union Commissioners who have attended include:

·         Frits Bolkestein (1996, 2003),^[36] former European Commissioner

·         Benoît Coeuré (2016),^[16] Member of the executive board, European Central Bank

·         Kristalina Georgieva (2016),^[16] Vice President, European Commission

·         Karel De Gucht (2015), former EU Trade Commissioner

·         Neelie Kroes (2011), EU Commissioner^[37]

·         Pascal Lamy (2003,^[36] 2010^[9]), former European Commissioner for Trade, Director-General of the World Trade Organization [2005–2013]

·         Peter Mandelson (1999,^[38] 2009,^[39]) former European Commissioner for Trade [2004–2008]

·         Pedro Solbes (2010),^[9] former European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, former Second Vice President of Spain, former Minister of Economy and Finance

Finland[edit]

·         Eero Heinäluoma (2006),^[40] former chairman of the Social Democratic Party, Minister of Finance [2005–2007]

·         Jyrki Katainen (2007, 2009),^[41][42][43] chairman of the National Coalition Party, former Minister of Finance and former Prime Minister

·         Alexander Stubb (2015),^[44] Minister of Finance, chairman of the National Coalition Party, former Prime Minister

·         Jutta Urpilainen (2012,^[45] 2013^[11]), former Minister of Finance

·         Matti Vanhanen (2009),^[42][43] former Prime Minister, former chairman of Centre Party

·         Elina Valtonen (2019),^[42] Politician, vice-chairman of National Coalition Party

France[edit]

·         Gaston Defferre (1964),^[46] member of National Assembly and mayor of Marseille (as of 1964), (deceased)

·         Laurent Fabius (2016),^[16] President, Constitutional Council

·         Sylvie Goulard (2016),^[16] Member of the European Parliament

·         Christine Lagarde (2013, 2016),^[11][16] Minister of Finance [2007–2011], managing director of the International Monetary Fund [2011–]^{[citation needed]}

·         Emmanuel Macron (2014), President of the French Republic [2017–present]^[when?]

·         Édouard Philippe (2016),^[16] Mayor of Le Havre

·         Georges Pompidou, Prime Minister of France [1962–1968], President of the French Republic [1969–1974],^[47] (deceased)

Germany[edit]

·         Joschka Fischer (2008), Foreign Minister [1998–2005]^[48]

·         Ursula von der Leyen (2015-2016, 2018–2019),^[16][49][50] Minister of Defence

·         Thomas de Maizière (2016),^[16] Minister of the Interior, Federal Ministry of the Interior

·         Angela Merkel (2005), German Chancellor^[48]

·         Wolfgang Schäuble (2016),^[16] Minister of Finance

·         Helmut Schmidt, West German Chancellor^[14]

·         Klaus Schwab (2016),^[16] Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum

·         Jens Spahn (2017),^[29] Parliamentary State Secretary and Federal Ministry of Finance

·         Peer Steinbrück (2011), German Chancellor Candidate^[51]

·         Linda Teuteberg (2019),^[50] General Secretary, Free Democratic Party

·         Stanislaw Tillich (2016),^[16] Minister-President of Saxony

·         Jürgen Trittin (2012), Environment Minister [1998–2005]^[48]

·         Guido Westerwelle (2007),^[52] Chairman of the Free Democratic Party of Germany and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Germany, (deceased)

Greece[edit]

·         George Alogoskoufis (2008, 2009),^[2][53] Minister of Economy and Finance [2004–2009]^{[original research?]}

·         Dora Bakoyannis (2009),^[53] Minister for Foreign Affairs [2006–2009]^{[original research?]}

·         Anna Diamantopoulou (2008, 2009),^[2][53] Member of Parliament^{[original research?]}

·         Anastasios Giannitsis (2012), Minister of the Interior (Greece) [2011–2012]^{[3][original research?]}

·         Kyriakos Mitsotakis (2016),^[16] Prime Minister (Greece), [2020–present]^[when?]

·         Giorgos Papakonstantinou (2010, 2011), Minister of Finance [2009–2011]^{[10][22][original research?]}

·         Yannis Papathanasiou (2009),^[53] Minister for Economy and Finance [2009]^{[original research?]}

·         Yannis Stournaras (2009),^[53] Minister of Finance [2012–2013]^{[original research?]}

Iceland[edit]

·         Bjarni Benediktsson^[54] (1965, 1967, 1970),^[55] Mayor of Reykjavík [1940–47], Foreign Minister [1947–55], editor of The Morning Paper [1956–59], Minister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs [1959–63], Prime Minister [1963–70], (deceased)

·         Björn Bjarnason^[54] (1974, 1977),^[56] Assistant editor of The Morning Paper [1984–1991], Minister of Education [1995–2002], Minister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs [2003, 2009]

·         Davíð Oddsson^[54] (ca. 1991–1999), Mayor of Reykjavík [1982–1991], Prime Minister [1991–2004], Foreign Minister [2004–2005], Central Bank governor [2005–2009], editor of The Morning Paper [as of September 2009]

·         Einar Benediktsson^[54] (ca. 1970), ambassador: OECD [1956–60], UK [1982–1986], European Union et al. [1986–1991], NATO [1986–1990], United States et al. [1993–1997], etc.^[57]

·         Geir Haarde,^[58] Central Bank economist [1977–1983], member and chairman of the Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee [1991–1998], Minister of Finance (1998–2005), Foreign Minister [2005–2006], Prime Minister [2006–2009]

·         Geir Hallgrímsson^[54] (ca. 1974–1977,^[56][59] 1980), Mayor of Reykjavík [1959–72], Prime Minister [1974–1978], Foreign Minister [1983–1986], Central Bank governor [1986–1990], (deceased)

·         Jón Sigurðsson^[54] (1993), IMF Board of Directors [1974–1987], Minister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs [1987–88], Industry and Commerce [1988–93], Central Bank governor [1993–94], Nordic Investment Bank governor [1994–2005]^[60]

Ireland[edit]

·         Garret FitzGerald (1985), former Taoiseach (deceased)^[61]

·         Paul Gallagher, Attorney General of Ireland^[22][61]

·         Dermot Gleeson, former Attorney General of Ireland^{[53][original research?]}

·         Charlie McCreevy^[61]

·         Michael McDowell (2007), former Attorney General, former Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform^[1][61]

·         Michael Noonan (2012, 2016),^[61][62][16] Minister for Finance

·         Peter Sutherland, Director General of the WTO and former Attorney General of Ireland^[61] (deceased)

·         Simon Coveney (2014), then Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine, shortly afterwards became Minister for Defence^[30][63]

Italy[edit]

·         Emma Bonino, former Minister of Foreign Affairs

·         Marta Dassù (2016),^[16] Senior Director, European Affairs, Aspen Institute

·         Mario Draghi, President of the European Central Bank

·         Lilli Gruber, former Member of the European Parliament,^[64] Editor-in-Chief and Anchor "Otto e mezzo", La7 TV

·         Enrico Letta, former Prime Minister

·         Mario Monti, Economist,^[32] former Prime Minister

·         Matteo Renzi (2019), former Prime Minister, leader of Democratic Party^[65]

·         Renato Ruggiero, former WTO director, politician^[32]

Japan[edit]

·         Nobuo Tanaka (2009), executive director of the International Energy Agency, 2007–2011^[53]

Netherlands[edit]

·         Ahmed Aboutaleb (2016),^[16] Mayor, City of Rotterdam

·         Jan-Peter Balkenende (2008), Prime Minister 2002–2010^[2]

·         Sharon Dijksma (2016),^[16] Minister for the Environment

·         Kajsa Ollongren (2016),^[16] Deputy Mayor of Amsterdam

·         Alexander Pechtold, leader of D66, a political party^{[66][original research?]}

·         Mark Rutte (2012, 2016),^{[66][original research?][16]} Prime Minister

·         Diederik Samsom, former leader of PvdA, a political party^[67]

Norway[edit]

·         Børge Brende (2016),^[16] Former Finance Minister of the Conservative Party (H), President World Economic Forum, the former foreign, trade and environment minister of Norway and SG Norwegian Red Cross'^[68]

·         Jens Stoltenberg (2002), the former prime minister of Norway^[17]

·         Kristin Clemet (1999, 2008),^[17][69][2] Managing Director of the liberal and conservative think tank Civita, Former Minister of Education and Science

·         Geir Lundestad (2005),^[70] Director of the Norwegian Nobel institute and Secretary to The Nobel Peace Prize Committee

·         Siv Jensen, Leader of Fremskrittspartiet (2006)^[71]

Poland[edit]

·         Józef Retinger (1954 to 1960), Founder and secretary of Bilderberg Group^[15][72] (deceased)

·         Andrzej Olechowski (1994, 2004, 2005)^[73]

·         Hanna Suchocka (1998), Prime Minister

·         Jan Vincent-Rostowski (2012) Vice-Prime Minister, Minister of Finance,

·         Radoslaw Sikorski (2016),^[16] Senior Fellow, Harvard University; Former Minister of Foreign Affairs

·         Rafał Trzaskowski (2019), President of Warsaw

Portugal[edit]

·         Maria Luís Albuquerque (2016),^[16] Former Minister of Finance; MP, Social Democratic Party

·         José Pedro Aguiar-Branco,^[74][75][76] former Minister of Justice

·         Luís Amado, politician^[77]

·         Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral (1999),^[78] former Minister of Public Works, Transport and Communications

·         Luís Mira Amaral (1995),^[79][78] former Minister of Labour and Social Solidarity, chairman of Caixa Geral de Depósitos and CEO of Banco Português de Investimento

·         Francisco Pinto Balsemão (1981, 1983–1985, 1987–2008),^[1][2] former Prime Minister of Portugal, 1981–1983 and CEO of Impresa media group

·         António Miguel Morais Barreto (1992),^[78] former Minister of Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries

·         Fausto Logreira-Celine (2007, 2009–2013, 2016)^[77]

·         Vítor Constâncio (1988),^[79][78] governor of the Banco de Portugal, Vice President of the ECB

·         António Costa (2008),^[75][76][2] former Minister of Interior, former Mayor of Lisbon current Prime Minister of Portugal

·         João Cravinho,^[80] former Minister for Environment, Spatial Planning and Regional Development

·         José Manuel Durão Barroso (1994, 2003, 2005, 2013, 2016),^{[11][74][81][79][16]} former Prime Minister of Portugal and Minister of Foreign Affairs, and former President of the European Commission

·         José Medeiros Ferreira (1977, 1980),^[78] former Minister of Foreign Affairs

·         António Guterres (1994),^[75][81][79] former Prime Minister of Portugal, former President of the Socialist International and current Secretary-General of the United Nations

·         Manuela Ferreira Leite (2009),^[75][82] former Minister of Education and Minister of Finance and Public Administration

·         Pedro Santana Lopes (2004),^[74][75][76] former Prime Minister of Portugal

·         Francisco Luís Murteira Nabo,^[80] former chairman of Portugal Telecom, Minister of Public Works, Transport and Communications, and current chairman of Galp Energia and president of the Portuguese Economists Association

·         Manuel Pinho (2009),^[74][75] former Minister of Economy and Innovation

·         Paulo Portas, politician^[77]

·         Paulo Rangel, politician^[77]

·         Rui Rio (2008),^[75][76][2] former Mayor of Porto

·         Ferro Rodrigues,^[81] former Minister of Labour and Social Solidarity and Minister of Public Works, Transport and Communications

·         Jorge Sampaio,^[81][79] former President of Portugal

·         Fernando Teixeira dos Santos (2010),^[78] former Minister of Finance

·         Nuno Morais Sarmento,^[75][76] former Minister of Presidency and Minister of Parliament Affairs

·         António José Seguro, politician^[77]

·         Artur Santos Silva,^[80] former vice-governor of the Banco de Portugal, chairman of Banco Português de Investimento and current non-executive chairman of Jerónimo Martins

·         Augusto Santos Silva,^[75] former Minister of Education, Minister of Culture, Minister of Parliament Affairs, and Minister of National Defence

·         José Sócrates (2004),^[74][75][76] former Prime Minister of Portugal

·         Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (1998),^[75] former Minister of Parliament Affairs and the current President of Portugal

Spain[edit]

·         Inés Arrimadas (2019),^[50] Party Leader, Ciudadanos

·         Pablo Casado (2019),^[50] President, Partido Popular

·         María Dolores de Cospedal (2011), Secretary General of the People's Party^[10]

·         Albert Rivera Díaz (2017–2018),^[29][49] Leader of the political party Citizens from 2006 to 2019

·         Bernardino León Gross (2008, 2010, 2011), Secretary General of Office of the Prime Minister^[2][10][22]

·         Luis de Guindos (2017),^[29] Minister of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness

·         Jordi Pujol (1991), President of the Generalitat de Catalunya from 1980 to 2003

·         Miguel Ángel Moratinos (2009), Minister of Foreign Affairs 2004–2010^[53]

·         Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría (2012–2018),^[3][49] Deputy Prime Minister

·         Pedro Solbes (2009), Minister of Economy and Finance [1993–1996, 2004–2009]^[53]

·         Pedro Sánchez (2017), leader (Secretary-General) of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)

·         José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2010), Prime Minister [2004–2011]^[22]

Sweden[edit]

·         Magdalena Andersson (2016),^[16] Minister of Finance, Prime Minister 2021-2022.

·         Carl Bildt (2006,^[83] 2008,^[83][2] 2009, 2013, 2014^[11]) Prime Minister 1991–1994, Minister of Foreign Affairs 2006–2014

·         Anders Borg (2007,^[83] 2013^[11]) Minister of Finance 2006–2014

·         Thorbjörn Fälldin (1978),^[84] Prime Minister 1976–1978

·         Stefan Löfven (2013),^[11] Prime Minister 2014–

·         Annie Lööf (2017),^[85] Leader of the Centre Party 2011–

·         Maud Olofsson (2008),^[83][2] Minister of Industry 2006–2011

·         Fredrik Reinfeldt (2006),^[83] Prime Minister 2006–2014

·         Mona Sahlin (1996),^[83] Head of the Swedish Social Democratic Party 2007–2011

Switzerland[edit]

·         Christoph Blocher (2009),^[53] former Member of Federal Council and former CEO of EMS Group

·         Doris Leuthard (2011),^[10] former Member of Federal Council

·         Christa Markwalder (2016),^[16] President of the National Council and the Federal Assembly

·         Rolf Schweiger (2011)^[37]

·         Martin Vetterli (2016),^[16] President, NSF

Turkey[edit]

·         Ali Babacan (2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013), Minister of Economic Affairs 2002–2007, Minister of Foreign Affairs 2007–2009, Deputy Prime Minister 2009–2015^{[2][3][11][53]}

·         Ahmet Ünal Çeviköz [tr] (2019),^[50] MP, Republican People's Party (CHP)

·         Mehmet Şimşek (2016, 2018),^[16][49] Deputy Prime Minister

United Kingdom[edit]

·         Shirley Williams (deceased) (at least 2010, 2013^[11]), stateswoman and member, House of Lords; Harvard University Professor; Past President, Chatham House; int'l member, Council on Foreign Relations.^[86]

·         Helen Goodman (2016)^[87]

·         Paddy Ashdown (1989),^[88] former leader of Liberal Democrats, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (deceased)

·         Ed Balls (2006, 2014–2015),^[89][90][91] former Economic Secretary to the Treasury and advisor to British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and was Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families (2007–2010)

·         Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington (Steering Committee member),^[92] former Foreign Secretary (deceased)

·         Kenneth Clarke (1993,^[93] 1998,^[94] 1999,^[95] 2003,^[96] 2004,^[97] 2006,^[98] 2007,^[98] 2008,^[99][100] 2013^[11]) Chancellor of the Exchequer [1993–1997], Shadow Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform [2008–2010], Lord Chancellor, Secretary of State for Justice [2010–2012], Minister without Portfolio [2012–2014]

·         Michael Gove (2022), Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities [2021-], Minister for Intergovernmental Relations [2021-]^[101]

·         Denis Arthur Greenhill, Lord Greenhill of Harrow (deceased) (1974),^[102]) former Head of Foreign and Commonwealth Office

·         Denis Healey (founder and Steering Committee member),^[92] former Chancellor of the Exchequer, Foreign Secretary and Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK) (deceased)

·         John Kerr (2008–2013, 2015–2016),^{[2][3][10][11][13][22][53][16]} member of the House of Lords and Deputy Chairman of Scottish Power

·         David Lammy (2022), Shadow Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs (2021-)^[101]

·         Peter Mandelson (1999,^[38] 2008,^[2] 2009,^[39] [2011–2013]^[3][10][11]) European Commissioner [2004–2008], Business Secretary [2008–2010]

·         John Monks (1996),^[32] former TUC General Secretary

·         George Osborne (2006–2009, 2013, 2016),^{[16][11][103][104][2][105]} Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer [2004–2010], Chancellor of the Exchequer [2010–2016]

·         David Owen (1982),^[106] former British Foreign Secretary and leader of the Social Democratic Party

·         Enoch Powell, (deceased) (1968),^[107] MP and Ulster Unionist

·         Malcolm Rifkind (1996),^[32] former Foreign Secretary

·         Eric Roll (1964, 1966, 1967, 1973–1975, 1977–1999) (Bilderberg Steering Committee),^[108] Department of Economic Affairs, 1964, later Bilderberg Group Chairman (deceased)

·         David Hannay, Baron Hannay of Chiswick (1995),^[109] Diplomatic posts at European Union and United Nations.

·         John Smith (1989) (deceased),^[110] Labour Party leader

·         Tom Tugendhat (2022), Chair of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee (2017-)^[101]

Prime Ministers[edit]

·         Tony Blair (1993),^[93][111] Prime Minister [1997–2007]

·         Gordon Brown (1991),^[112] Prime Minister [2007– 2010]

·         Edward Heath,^[14] Prime Minister [1970–1974], (deceased)

·         Alec Douglas-Home (1977–1980),^[113] Chairman of the Bilderberg Group, Prime Minister [1963–1964], (deceased)

·         Margaret Thatcher (at least 1975, 1977, 1986),^{[114][115][116]} Prime Minister [1979–1990], (deceased)

·         David Cameron (2013),^{[citation needed]} Prime Minister [2010–2016]

United States[edit]

·         Wally Adeyemo (2022)^[117] Deputy Treasury Secretary 2021–

·         Roger Altman (2008, 2013, 2016, 2022),^{[2][11][118][16][117]} Deputy Treasury Secretary from 1993 to 1994, Founder and Chairman of Evercore Partners

·         James H. Baker (2022)^[117] Director of the Office of Net Assessment 2015–

·         George W. Ball (1954, 1993),^[119] Under Secretary of State 1961–1968, Ambassador to U.N. 1968 (deceased)

·         Sandy Berger (1999),^[120] National Security Advisor, 1997–2001 (deceased)

·         William J. Burns (2016, 2022^[117]),^[16] Former President, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2014–2021, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency 2021–

·         Kurt M. Campbell (2022^[117]), National Security Council Coordinator for the Indo-Pacific 2021–

·         Hillary Clinton (1997),^[121] First Lady of the US when attending, later 67th United States Secretary of State

·         Thomas E. Donilon (2012),^[3] Executive Vice President for Law and Policy at Fannie Mae ([1999–2005], National Security Advisor (2010–2013)

·         Jen Easterly (2022^[117]) Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency [2021–]

·         Timothy Geithner (2008, 2009),^[2][118] Treasury Secretary

·         Dick Gephardt (2012),^[3] former Congressman and House Majority Leader

·         Christian Herter,^[122] (1961, 1963, 1964, 1966), 53rd United States Secretary of State (deceased)

·         Charles Douglas Jackson (1957, 1958, 1960),^[123] Special Assistant to the President (deceased)

·         Joseph E. Johnson^[124] (1954), President Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (deceased)

·         Henry Kissinger (1957, 1964, 1966, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1992,^[125] 2008,^[2] 2009, 2010,^[22] 2011, 2012,^[3] 2013,^[11] 2015,^[13] 2016,^[16] 2019,^[50] 2022^[117]),^[84][126] 56th United States Secretary of State and Chairman of Kissinger Associates

·         Jared Cohen (2018, 2019), CEO, Jigsaw^[50][127]

·         Jared Kushner (2019), Senior Advisor to the President, The White House^[50]

·         Mark G. Mazzie (1986, 1987),^[3] Chief of Staff, The Honorable George C. Wortley, U.S. House of Representatives.

·         H. R. McMaster (2017), U.S. National Security Advisor [2017–2018], and lieutenant-general.^[128]

·         Richard Perle (2011), Chairman of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee [2001–2003], United States Assistant Secretary of Defense [1981–1987]^[37]

·         David Petraeus (2015, 2016, 2019),^{[129][50][16]} Chairman, KKR Global Institute; 4th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency

·         Condoleezza Rice (2008),^[2] 66th United States Secretary of State

·         Wilbur Ross (2017), United States Secretary of Commerce [2017–2021]^[128]

·         Robert Rubin (2016),^[16] Co-chair, Council on Foreign Relations

·         George Shultz (2008),^[2] 60th United States Secretary of State

·         Lawrence Summers,^[118] Director of the National Economic Council

·         Paul Volcker (2010),^[118] Chair of the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board and Chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1979 to 1987 (deceased)

·         Bing West (2010),^[22] author and former Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs

·         Robert Zoellick (2008–2015),^{[2][3][10][11][12][13][22][53]} former Trade Representative, former Deputy Secretary of State and former President of the World Bank Group

Senators[edit]

·         Tom Daschle (2008),^[2] Senator from South Dakota [1987–2005]

·         John Edwards (2004),^[130][131] Senator from North Carolina [1999–2005]

·         Lindsey Graham (2016),^[16] Senator from South Carolina [2003–present]^[when?]

·         Chuck Hagel (1999, 2000),^[132] Senator from Nebraska [1997–2009], Secretary of Defense [2013–2015]

·         John Kerry (2012),^[3] 68th United States Secretary of State and Senator from Massachusetts [1985–2013]

·         Kyrsten Sinema (2022),^[117] Senator from Arizona [2019–present]^[when?]

Governors[edit]

·         Bill Clinton, then Governor of Arkansas (1991),^[111][112] President of the United States [1993–2001]

·         Mitch Daniels (2012)^[133] Governor of Indiana [2004–2013]

·         Jon Huntsman Jr. (2012),^[3] Governor of Utah [2005–2009]

·         John Hickenlooper (2018),^[134] Governor of Colorado [2011–2019]

·         Rick Perry (2007),^[135] Governor of Texas [2000–2015]

·         Mark Sanford (2008),^[136][2] Governor of South Carolina [2003–2011]

·         Kathleen Sebelius (2008),^[2] Governor of Kansas [2003–2009], Secretary of Health and Human Services [2009–2014]

·         Mark Warner (2005), Governor of Virginia [2002–2006], Senator from Virginia [assumed office 3 January 2009]

Military[edit]

Canada[edit]

·         Chris Hadfield (2016),^[16] Colonel, Astronaut

Netherlands[edit]

·         Jaap de Hoop Scheffer^[9] (2010), former Secretary General of NATO

United Kingdom[edit]

·         Colin Gubbins^[137] (1955, 1957, 1958, 1963, 1964, 1966), head of the British SOE (deceased)

United States[edit]

·         Keith B. Alexander (2012),^[3] Commander US Cyber Command; Director, National Security Agency.

·         Philip M. Breedlove (2016),^[16] Former Supreme Allied Commander Europe

·         Alexander Haig (1978),^[84] NATO Commander 1974–1979 (US Secretary of State 1981–1982) (deceased)

·         Ben Hodges (2022^[117]), United States European Command 2014–2018, Pershing Chair in Strategic Studies, Center for European Policy Analysis

·         Lyman Lemnitzer (1963),^[26] Supreme Allied Commander NATO 1963–1969 (deceased)

Financial institutions[edit]

Austria[edit]

·         Andreas Treichl (2009),^[138] CEO of Erste Bank

·         Rudolf Scholten (2010, 2016),^[22][16] Member of the Board of Executive Directors, Oesterreichische Kontrollbank AG

·         Walter Rothensteiner (2011^[139]) CEO of Raiffeisen Zentralbank

Belgium[edit]

·         Thomas Leysen (2016),^[16] Chairman, KBC Group

Canada[edit]

·         Neil McKinnon, (1965), President of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC).

·         Louis Rasminsky, (1968), third Governor of the Bank of Canada from 1961 to 1973. (deceased)

·         Frank McKenna, (2006, 2008, 2010, 2012),^[2][3][140] Deputy Chair of TD Bank Financial Group, Canadian Ambassador to the United States 2005–2006, Premier of New Brunswick 1987–1997

·         Marcel Faribault, (1966), Canadian notary, businessman and administrator, he became president of Trust Général du Canada. (deceased)

·         Mark Carney, (2011, 2012),^[10] Governor of the Bank of England from July 2013 on, eighth governor of the Bank of Canada from 2008 to 2013 and the Chairman of the Financial Stability Board, an institution of the G20 based in Basel, Switzerland.^[3][141]

·         Clark, Edmund, (2008, 2010, 2011, 2012),^{[2][22][3][10]} President and CEO, TD Bank Financial Group

Finland[edit]

·         Björn Wahlroos (2016),^[16] Chairman, Sampo Group, Nordea Bank, UPM-Kymmene Corporation

France[edit]

·         Henri de Castries (2008–2015), chairman and CEO of AXA^{[2][53][22][3][10][11][12][13]}

·         Jean-Claude Trichet (2008,^[2] 2009,^[142] 2010^[9]) President of the European Central Bank 2003–2011

Germany[edit]

·         Paul M. Achleitner (2016–2019),^{[16][29][49][50]} Treasurer Foundation Bilderberg Meetings; Chairman Supervisory Board, Deutsche Bank

·         Oliver Bäte (2017),^[29] CEO, Allianz SE

·         John Cryan (2016),^[16] CEO, Deutsche Bank

·         Carsten Kengeter (2016–2017),^[16][29] CEO, Deutsche Börse

·         Siegmund Warburg (1977)^[143] (deceased)

Greece[edit]

·         Takis Arapoglou (2009), former chairman and CEO of National Bank of Greece^[53]

Italy[edit]

·         Claudio Costamagna (2016),^[16] Chairman, Cassa Depositi e Prestiti S.p.A.

Netherlands[edit]

·         Wim Duisenberg, former European Central Bank President^[47] (deceased)

Poland[edit]

·         Sławomir Sikora (2004)^[144] – CEO of Citibank

Portugal[edit]

·         Antonio Nogueira Leite (in Portuguese) (2011), Economist^[37]

·         Francisco Pinto Balsemão, media businessman^[77]

·         António Borges, economist, economics professor at INSEAD, Goldman Sachs executive, vice-president of PSD (Social Democratic Party)

Spain[edit]

·         Ana Botín (2010, 2016–2019),^{[22][16][29][49][50]} Group Executive Chair, Banco Santander

·         Juan María Nin Génova (2009–2012), CEO of La Caixa^{[53][22][10][3]}

·         Matías Rodríguez Inciarte (2010), Vice Chairman of Banco Santander^[22]

Turkey[edit]

·         Suzan Sabancı Dinçer (2009,^[53] 2010^[22]), Chairman of Akbank

United Kingdom[edit]

·         Gordon Richardson,^[143] (1966, 1975) former Governor of the Bank of England (deceased)

·         Douglas Flint (2016),^[16] Group Chairman, HSBC

United States[edit]

·         David Rockefeller, Sr. (2008, 2009, 2011), Former Chairman, Chase Manhattan Bank^[2][53][51] (deceased)

·         William Joseph McDonough (1997), former president, Federal Reserve Bank of New York^{[citation needed]} (deceased)

·         Ben Bernanke (2008,^[136][2] 2009),^[39] Chairman of the Board of Governors of the United States Federal Reserve

·         Paul Volcker (1982, 1983, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1992, 1997, 2009, 2010),^[53][22] former Chairman of the Federal Reserve^{[original research?]}

Corporations[edit]

Austria[edit]

·         René Benko (2016),^[16] Founder and chairman of the advisory board, SIGNA Holding GmbH

Switzerland[edit]

·         Rolf Soiron (2011), CEO of Holcim Ltd.^[37]

Canada[edit]

·         Heather Reisman (2016),^[16] Chair and CEO, Indigo Books & Music

Denmark[edit]

·         Christian Dyvig (2016),^[16] Chairman, Kompan

·         Ulrik Federspiel (2016),^[16] Group Executive, Haldor Topsøe

Finland[edit]

·         Jorma Ollila (1997,^{[citation needed]} 2005, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013^{[2][11][original research?]}), current Non-Executive Chairman of Royal Dutch Shell and former Chairman of Nokia Corporation

France[edit]

·         Patricia Barbizet (2016),^[16] CEO, Artemis

·         Nicolas Baverez [fr] (2016),^[16] Partner, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher

·         Michel Bon,^[145] former CEO of France Telecom

·         Tom Enders (2011), CEO of Airbus^[37]

·         André Lévy-Lang, (in French)^[145] former CEO of Paribas

·         Baron Edmond de Rothschild (1977),^[115] French-Swiss banker, Philanthropist

Germany[edit]

·         Josef Ackermann (2008–2011, 2013), CEO of Deutsche Bank^{[2][53][11][original research?]}

·         Otto Wolff von Amerongen, Chairman Otto Wolff^{[citation needed]}

·         Werner Baumann (2017),^[29] Chairman, Bayer

·         Hans-Christian Boos (2019),^[50] CEO and Founder, Arago

·         Frank Bsirske (2017),^[29] Chairman, United Services Union

·         Thomas Enders (2016),^[16] CEO, Airbus Group

·         Ulrich Grillo (2016),^[16] Chairman, Grillo-Werke; President, Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie

·         Timotheus Höttges (2016),^[16] CEO, Deutsche Telekom

·         Sonja Jost (2019),^[50] CEO, DexLeChem

·         Joe Kaeser (2016),^[16] President and CEO, Siemens

·         Susanne Klatten (2017),^[29] Managing Director, SKion

·         Klaus Kleinfeld (2008–2013),^{[2][53][22][10][3][11]} Chairman and CEO of Alcoa^{[original research?]}

·         Jürgen E. Schrempp (1994–1996, 1997), 1998, 1999, 2001–2005, 2006, 2007), former CEO of DaimlerChrysler^{[citation needed]}

·         Dieter Zetsche (2019),^[50] Former Chairman, Daimler AGDEU

Greece[edit]

·         George A. David (2009–2011), Chairman of Coca-Cola Hellenic^[53][22][10]

·         George Logothetis (2016),^[16] Chairman and CEO, Libra Group

·         Dimitris Papalexopoulos (2008, 2009, 2012, 2016),^{[2][53][3][16]} CEO, Titan Cement

Iceland[edit]

·         Hörður Sigurgestsson,^[54] former CEO of shipping line Eimskip, former chairman and CFO of Icelandair^[146]

Ireland[edit]

·         Peter Sutherland (1989–1996, 1997,^{[147][better source needed][better source needed]} 2005), former Chairman of BP (deceased)

·         Denis O'Brien, billionaire with a variety of business interests (including Digicel, Communicorp, Independent News & Media, Irish Water and Topaz Energy)^[148][149]

·         Michael O'Leary (2015–2016),^[150][16] CEO, Ryanair

Italy[edit]

·         Giovanni Agnelli (1997), Honorary Chairman of Fiat Automobiles^[151] (deceased)

·         Umberto Agnelli (1997), Chairman of IFIL^[151] (deceased)

·         Franco Bernabè (2011, 2013, 2016),^[37][11][16] CEO of Telecom Italia

·         John Elkann (2008–2012, 2014–2016),^{[2][53][22][10][3][12][13][16]} Chairman and CEO, EXOR; chairman, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

Netherlands[edit]

·         Ben van Beurden (2016),^[16] CEO, Royal Dutch Shell

·         Jeroen van der Veer (in Dutch) Former CEO Royal Dutch Shell

Norway[edit]

·         Svein Richard Brandtzæg (2016),^[16] President and CEO, Norsk Hydro

·         Jens Chr. Hauge^[152] (member of the group's board;^[153] industrialist, who resigned as minister of justice in 1955; minister of defence appointment in 1945)

·         Helge Lund (2019^[154]) chairman of BP and Novo Nordisk.

·         Kristin Skogen Lund (2016),^[16] Director General, Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise

Poland[edit]

·         Jacek Szwajcowski (2004, 2005)^[144] – CEO of Polska Grupa Farmaceutyczna (Polish Pharmaceutical Group)

·         Grzegorz Hajdarowicz (2018)^[155] – CEO of GREMI International

Portugal[edit]

·         Manuel Ferreira de Oliveira,^[79] CEO of Galp Energia

·         Ricardo Salgado,^[79][80] CEO of Banco Espírito Santo

·         Carlos Gomes da Silva (2016),^[16] Vice Chairman and CEO, Galp Energia

Russia[edit]

·         Anatoly Chubais (1998, 2012),^[3] head of the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation

·         Alexei Mordashov (2011), CEO of Severstal^[37]

Spain[edit]

·         César Alierta (2010, 2016),^[22][16] Chairman and CEO of Telefónica

·         Juan Luis Cebrián (2016),^[16] Executive Chairman, PRISA and El País

·         José Manuel Entrecanales (2009, 2010), Chairman of Acciona^[53][22]

·         Jaime Carvajal, 5th Marquess of Isasi (2010),^[22] Chairman of Advent International

Sweden[edit]

·         Marcus Wallenberg Jr. (1957, 1958, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981)

·         Peter Wallenberg Sr. (1984,^[156] 1987)

·         Marcus Wallenberg (1996, 1997, 2001, 2009, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019)

·         Percy Barnevik (1992–1996, 1997,^{[147][better source needed]} 2001), former CEO of ASEA

·         Conni Jonsson (2016),^[16] Founder and chairman, EQT AB

·         Lars Renström (2010), President and CEO of Alfa Laval^[22]

·         Hans Stråberg (2006),^[83] CEO of Electrolux

·         Jacob Wallenberg (2000–2016),^[83][16] Chairman of Investor AB

Switzerland[edit]

·         Peter Brabeck-Letmathe (2011),^[10] Chairman of Nestlé

·         André Kudelski (2011, 2016),^[37][16] Chairman and CEO, Kudelski Group

·         Daniel Vasella (2008–2013), Chairman of Novartis^{[2][53][22][10][3][11]}

·         Peter Voser (2010, 2013),^[22][11] Chairman of ABB and former CEO of Royal Dutch Shell

Turkey[edit]

·         Süreyya Ciliv (2011),^[10] CEO of Turkcell

·         Levent Çakiroglu (2017),^[29] CEO, Koç Holding

·         Mustafa Koç (2008–2013), Chairman of Koç Holding^{[2][53][22][10][3][11]}

·         Ömer M. Koç (2017–2019),^[29][49] Chairman, Koç Holding A.S.

·         Tuncay Özilhan (2010),^[22] Chairman of Anadolu Group

·         Şefika Pekin (2011),^[10] attorney

·         Serpil Timuray (2012),^[3] CEO of Vodafone Turkey

·         Agah Uğur (2009),^[53] CEO of Borusan Holding

·         Sinan Ülgen (2017),^[29] Founding and Partner, Istanbul Economics

United Kingdom[edit]

·         Marcus Agius, (2011, 2013, 2016),^[37][11][16] Chairman, PA Consulting Group

·         Lord Browne of Madingley (1995, 1997,^{[147][better source needed]} 2004), Chief Executive of BP

·         Robert Dudley (2016),^[16] Group Chief Executive, BP

·         Dido Harding (2016),^[16] CEO, TalkTalk Group

·         Demis Hassabis (2016),^[16] Co-founder and CEO, DeepMind

·         John Sawers (2016),^[16] Chairman and Partner, Macro Advisory Partners

·         Martin Taylor^{[147][better source needed]} (1993–1996,^[32] 1997, 2013^[11]), former CEO of Barclays

United States[edit]

·         Sam Altman (2016, 2022^[117]),^[16] President, Y Combinator;co-chairman of OpenAI

·         Jeff Bezos (2011, 2013),^[10] Founder and CEO of Amazon

·         Albert Bourla (2022^[117]) Chairman and CEO, Pfizer

·         Timothy C. Collins (2008–2012), CEO of Ripplewood Holdings^{[2][53][22][10][3]}

·         David M. Cote (2016),^[16] Chairman and CEO, Honeywell

·         Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. (2016),^[16] President and CEO, TIAA

·         Bill Gates (2010),^[157][22] Chairman of Microsoft

·         Louis V. Gerstner, Jr.,^[158] former CEO of IBM

·         Donald E. Graham (2008–2010),^[2][22] CEO and chairman of The Washington Post Company, board of directors for Facebook

·         H. J. Heinz II (1954),^[124] CEO of Heinz (deceased)

·         Mary Kay Henry (2022^[117]), International President of Service Employees International Union

·         Mellody Hobson (2016, 2022^[117]),^[16] President, Ariel Investments, Chairwoman of Starbucks

·         Reid Hoffman (2016, 2019, 2022^[117]),^[16][50] Co-founder and Executive Chairman, LinkedIn, partner at Greylock Partners

·         Chris Hughes (2011),^[10] Co-founder of Facebook

·         Kenneth M. Jacobs (2016),^[16] Chairman and CEO, Lazard

·         James A. Johnson (2016),^[16] Chairman, Johnson Capital Partners (deceased)

·         Vernon Jordan (2016),^[16] Senior Managing Director, Lazard Frères & Co

·         Alex Karp (2016, 2022^[117]),^[16] CEO, Palantir Technologies

·         Klaus Kleinfeld (2016),^[16] Chairman and CEO, Alcoa

·         Henry Kravis (2008–2016, 2022^[117]), co-founder, co-chairman, and co-CEO of KKR^{[2][53][22][10][3][11][12][13][16]}

·         Richard Levin (2016),^[16] CEO, Coursera

·         Divesh Makan (2016),^[16] CEO, ICONIQ Capital

·         Scott Malcomson (2016),^[16] Author; President, Monere Ltd.

·         Craig Mundie (2016),^[16] Principal, Mundie & Associates

·         Satya Nadella (2019^[50]), CEO of Microsoft

·         Eric Schmidt (2008,^[2] 2010,^[22] 2011, 2013–2016,^[11][12][13] 2019,^[50] 2022^[117]), Executive Chairman of Alphabet

·         Peter Thiel (2007–2016, 2019, 2022),^{[2][159][160][67][23][better source needed][16][50][117]} President of Clarium Capital and PayPal co-founder

Venezuela[edit]

·         Gustavo Cisneros (2010), Chairman of Grupo Cisneros^{[22][original research?]}

Academic[edit]

Canada[edit]

·         Yoshua Bengio (2016),^[16] Professor in Computer Science and Operations Research, University of Montreal

·         James Orbinski, (2011),^[10] Professor of Medicine and Political Science, University of Toronto, he was President of the International Council of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF, aka Doctors Without Borders) at the time the organization received the 1999 Nobel Peace Prize.

China[edit]

·         Huang Yiping (2011, 2012),^[10][3] Professor of Economics, China Center for Economic Research, Peking University

Finland[edit]

·         Matti Apunen [fi] (2016),^[16] Director, Finnish Business and Policy Forum EVA

France[edit]

·         C. Fred Bergsten (1971, 1974, 1984, 1997),^{[147][better source needed]} President, Peterson Institute

·         Olivier Blanchard (2016),^[16] Fred Bergsten Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute

·         Emmanuelle Charpentier (2016),^[16] Director, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology

·         Thierry de Montbrial,^[145] Director of the Institut Français des Relations Internationales

Germany[edit]

·         Renate Köcher [de] (2018),^[49] Managing Director, Allensbach Institute for Public Opinion Research

·         Hans-Werner Sinn (2016),^[16] Professor for Economics and Public Finance, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich

Greece[edit]

·         Loukas Tsoukalis (2009–2012), President of the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy^{[53][22][10][3]}

Italy[edit]

·         Carlo Ratti (2016),^[16] Director, MIT Senseable City Lab

Netherlands[edit]

·         Victor Halberstadt (2000–2012, 2016), Professor of Economics, Leiden University; Former Honorary Secretary General of Bilderberg Meetings^[2][66][16]

·         Robbert Dijkgraaf (2013^[11]), mathematical physicist, director and Leon Levy professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, professor at the University of Amsterdam

Russia[edit]

·         Sergei Guriev (2015)^[161]

Spain[edit]

·         Juan Luis Cebrián (2017–2018),^[29][49] Executive Chairman, El País

·         Luis Garicano (2016),^[16] Professor of Economics, LSE; Senior Advisor to Ciudadanos

Switzerland[edit]

·         Beatrice Weder di Mauro (2016),^[16] Professor of Economics, University of Mainz

Turkey[edit]

·         Mustafa Akyol (2017),^[29] Senior Visiting Fellow, Freedom Project at Wellesley College

·         Senem Aydin-Düzgit [tr] (2016),^[16] Associate Professor and Jean Monnet Chair, Istanbul Bilgi University

·         Evren Balta [tr] (2019),^[50] Associate Professor of Political Science, Özyegin University

·         Canan Dağdeviren (2018), Assistant Professor, MIT Media Lab^[85]

·         Selva Demiralp [tr] (2019),^[50] Professor of Economics, Koç University

·         Soli Özel [tr] (2016),^[16] Professor, Kadir Has University

·         Behlül Özkan [tr] (2018),^[49] Associate Professor in International Relations, Marmara University

·         Metin Sitti (2019),^[50] Professor, Koç University; Director, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

United Kingdom[edit]

·         Guy Standing (2016),^[16] Co-president, BIEN; Research Professor, University of London

United States[edit]

·         William C. Dudley (2022^[117]) Senior Research Scholar, Princeton University

·         Niall Ferguson (2016),^[16] Professor of History, Harvard University

·         Marie-Josée Kravis (2016, 2022^[117]),^[16] Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute, chair, Museum of Modern Art

·         Yann LeCun (2022^[117]), Silver Professor of the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences

·         Charles A. Murray (2016),^[16] W.H. Brady Scholar, American Enterprise Institute

·         Richard Pipes (1981),^[162] Senior Staff Member, National Security Council (deceased)

Media[edit]

Austria[edit]

·         Oscar Bronner (2008–2011, 2013),^{[2][53][22][163][11]} Publisher and Editor, Der Standard

Canada[edit]

·         Peter Mansbridge (2010),^[164] CBC's chief correspondent and anchor of The National, CBC Television's flagship nightly newscast

·         Conrad Black, Baron Black of Crossharbour, (1981, 1983, 1985–1997),^[165] Hollinger International, Author and former media magnate^[32]

·         Robert Prichard (2010),^[164] the president of Ontario's Metrolinx

·         Heather Reisman (2000 – present),^[2][166] CEO of Chapters/Indigo, co-founder of the Heseg Foundation

·         David Frum (1997),^[167] Canadian American journalist and a former economic speechwriter for President George W. Bush

Denmark[edit]

·         Tøger Seidenfaden (1999, 2001–03),^[168] editor-in-chief, Politiken (deceased)

France[edit]

·         Nicolas Beytout, (in French)^[145] Editor of Le Figaro (France)

·         Etienne Gernelle [fr] (2016, 2017),^[16][169] Editorial Director, Le Point

·         Érik Izraelewicz (2012), CEO of Le Monde^[3] (deceased)

Germany[edit]

·         Mathias Döpfner (2016–2019),^{[16][29][49][50]} Chairman and CEO, Axel Springer SE

·         Thomas Ebeling (2016),^[16] CEO, ProSiebenSat.1

·         Julia Jäkel (2016),^[16] CEO, Gruner + Jahr

Greece[edit]

·         Alexis Papahelas (2008, 2009), Managing editor of Kathimerini^[2][53]

Italy[edit]

·         Carlo Rossella (1997), Editor, La Stampa^[151]

·         Lilli Gruber (2012, 2016),^[170][16] Journalist – Anchorwoman, La7

Spain[edit]

·         Juan Luis Cebrián (2008–2012), CEO of PRISA^{[2][53][22][10][3]}

·         Javier Monzón (2019),^[50] Chairman, PRISA

Switzerland[edit]

·         Michael Ringier (2009),^[53] Chairman of Ringier

·         Pietro Supino (2012),^[3] Chairman of Tamedia

Turkey[edit]

·         Cansu Çamlibel [tr] (2017),^[29] Washington DC Bureau Chief, Hürriyet Newspaper

·         Sami Kohen (2009),^[53] Senior Foreign Affairs Columnist of Milliyet

·         Murat Yetkin [tr] (2018),^[49] Editor-in-chief, Hürriyet Daily News

United Kingdom[edit]

·         Zanny Minton Beddoes (2016),^[16] Editor-in-Chief, The Economist

·         Will Hutton^[111] (1997), former CEO of The Work Foundation and editor-in-chief for The Observer

·         Andrew Knight (1996),^[32][92] journalist, editor, and media baron

United States[edit]

·         Fouad Ajami (2012), Senior Fellow, The Hoover Institution, Stanford University^[3] (deceased)

·         Anne Applebaum (2016, 2022^[117]),^[16] Columnist, Washington Post; Director of the Transitions Forum, Legatum Institute

·         William F. Buckley Jr. (1996),^[171] columnist and founder of National Review (deceased)

·         Richard Engel (2016),^[16] Chief Foreign Correspondent, NBC News

·         Megan McArdle (2016),^[16] Columnist, Bloomberg View

·         John Micklethwait (2016),^[16] Editor-in-Chief, Bloomberg L.P.

·         Peggy Noonan (2016),^[16] Author, Columnist, The Wall Street Journal

·         Charlie Rose (2008, 2010, 2011, 2012),^{[2][22][10][3]} Executive Editor and Anchor, 'Charlie Rose'

·         George Stephanopoulos (1996, 1997),^[32] Former Communications Director of the Clinton Administration (1993–1996), now ABC News Chief Washington Correspondent

See also[edit]

·         List of Bilderberg meetings

References[edit]

1.    ^ Jump up to:^a b c "'High Priests of Globalization' In Istanbul". Turkish Daily News. 31 May 2007. The Turkish state minister and chief negotiator, Ali Babacan, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Administrator Kemal Dervis, the Association of Turkish Industrialists and Businessmen (Tusiad) Chairwoman Arzuhan Dogan Yalcindag, Koc Holding Executive Board President Mustafa Koc and the Bogazici University rector, Prof Dr Ayse Soysal, will attend the meeting on behalf of Turkey. Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, Queen Sofia of Spain, Crown Prince Philippe of Belgium, Greek National Economy and Finance Minister Yeoryios Alogoskoufis, former Prime Minister Francisco Pinto Balsemao of Portugal, former Foreign Minister Michel Barnier of France, Foreign Minister Carl Bildt of Sweden, Finance Minister Anders Borg of Sweden, Foreign Trade Minister Frank Heemskerk of the Netherlands, Finance Minister Jyrki Katainen of Finland, former US secretary of state, Henry Kissinger, Agriculture Minister Christine Lagarde of France, Justice Minister Michael McDowell of Ireland, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Rodrigo de Rato, the EU commissioner for enlargement, Olli Rehn, and the US ambassador to Turkey, Ross Wilson, are among foreign guests of the meeting. Meanwhile, tight security measures were taken in and around the Ritz Carlton Hotel, the venue of the meeting.

2.    ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba} "Bilderberg Meetings Chantilly, Virginia 5–8 June 2008". Bilderberg Meetings. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2012.

3.    ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am} "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2015.

4.    ^ Ronson, Jon (28 March 2001). "Exposed: The Secret Club of Powermongers Who Really Rule the World". The Mirror. Prince Charles and Bill Clinton have been to sessions.

5.    ^ Stead, Jean (28 April 1986). "Prince Charles attends meeting on South Africa". The Guardian. London). The 34th Bilderberg conference ended at Gleneagles Hotel, Perthshire, yesterday after a debate on the South African crisis attended by Prince Charles. He arrived for the economic debate on Saturday and stayed overnight at the hotel.

6.    ^ "Duke of Edinburgh in Como Talks". The Times. 3 April 1965. p. 7. The Duke of Edinburgh took part today in the opening session of the Bilderberg meeting at the Villa d'Este on Lake Como.

7.    ^ "Court Circular". The Times. 3 April 1967. p. 12.

8.    ^ Le groupe Bilderberg à la télévision belge [Video showing DSK, Queen Beatrix and James Wolfensohn among others at Bilderberg 2000]. Daily Motion. Archived from the original on 31 July 2013. Retrieved 29 February 2020. {{cite AV media}}: Check |url= value (help)

9.    ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f} Brooks, Anita (4 June 2010). "What are the Bilderberg Group really doing in Spain?". The Independent. London. Retrieved 5 June 2010.

10.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae} "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 August 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2011.

11.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae} "Bilderberg Meetings Hertfordshire, England 6–9 June 2013". Bilderberg Meetings. Archived from the original on 7 June 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.

12.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g} "Bilderberg Meetings Copenhagen, Denmark 29 May – 1 June 2014". Bilderberg Meetings. Archived from the original on 1 June 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2014.

13.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h} "Bilderberg Meetings Telfs-Buchen, Austria 11 – 14 June 2015". Bilderberg Meetings. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.

14.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c "Dutch prince to resign diplomatic, wildlife posts". The Daily Collegian. ActivePaper. Associated Press. 9 September 1976. Retrieved 23 May 2012.

15.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "Obituary – Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands". The Times. 3 December 2004. Bernhard's visits abroad provided the background for an enterprise which interested him greatly, the Bilderberg conferences at which, from 1954 onwards, statesmen, businessmen and intellectuals from Europe and America had private discussions once or twice a year. The idea of the conferences originated with Dr Joseph H. Retinger as a counter to the anti-Americanism in Western Europe.

16.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds} "Participants | Bilderberg Meetings". www.bilderbergmeetings.org.

17.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c "Maktens innerste sirkel" [The innermost circle of power]. Dagens Næringsliv (in Norwegian). 24 May 2003. p. 26.

18.  ^ "BILDERBERGGRUPPEN Kronprinsen til Toppmøte" [BILDERBERG GROUP Crown prinse to Summit Meeting]. Aftenposten. 28 April 2004. p. 1.
"Kronprins Harald på Bilderbergmøte: Verdifull informasjon" [Crown prince Harald to Bilderberg meeting: Valuable information]. Aftenposten. 28 April 2004. p. 10.

19.  ^ "2011 Bilderberg Meeting Participant List". Public Intelligence. 12 June 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2012.

20.  ^ Oliver, Mark (4 June 2004). "The Bilderberg group". The Guardian. London.

21.  ^ "2152/AB XXIV. GP – Anfragebeantwortung" [Official response to parliamentary request] (PDF). Retrieved 20 July 2009.

22.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am} "Bilderberg Meetings Sitges, Spain 3–6 June 2010". Bilderberg Meetings. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2010.

23.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c "Bilderberg Participants 2015". Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.

24.  ^ "Biography of Heinz Fischer". Parlament der Republik Österreich. Retrieved 29 April 2020.

25.  ^ "Gusenbauer war bei 'Bilderberg-Treffen' in Istanbul". Der Standard (in German). 6 June 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2010.

26.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "Secret Meeting Held in Cannes". The Washington Post. 30 March 1963.

27.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c d Mcgregor, Glen (24 May 2006). "Ottawa to host top-secret meeting—or maybe not: Rumours run rampant that ultra-influential Bilderberg to come here". Ottawa Citizen. Several Canadian political figures have spoken at Bilderbergs, including prime ministers Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien, New Brunswick premiers Bernard Lord and Frank McKenna, and former Ontario premier Mike Harris. Prime Minister Stephen Harper's office would not say yesterday whether he has been invited to attend the rumoured Ottawa meetings. Mr. Harper attended the 2003 conference in Versailles, France.

28.  ^ Holehouse, Matthew (6 June 2013). "Bilderberg Group 2013: guest list and agenda". The Daily Telegraph. London.

29.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r} "Participants | Bilderberg Meetings". www.bilderbergmeetings.org.

30.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "Final List of Participants: Chantilly, Virginia, USA, 31 May – 3 June 2012". Official site. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013.

31.  ^ "2. Son fonctionnement".

32.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j} Deverell, John (31 May 1996). "Vast array of international VIPs talk things over at secretive Bilderberg '96 in King City". Toronto Star. Lord Carrington, Conference chairman; former NATO secretary-general; Francisco Pinto Balsemao, Former prime minister of Portugal; Queen Beatrix, Netherlands; Lloyd Bentsen, Former treasury secretary, U.S.; Carl Bildt, The High Representative Sweden; Conrad Black, Chairman, Hollinger, Canada; Frits Bolkestein, Liberal party leader, Netherlands; Jean Chrétien, Prime minister of Canada; Etienne Davignon, Executive chairman, Societe Generale de Belgique, Belgium; Stanley Fischer, International Monetary Fund; Charles Freeman, Former assistant secretary of defence, U.S.; Mike Harris, Premier of Ontario; Richard Holbrooke, Former assistant secretary of state, U.S.; Peter Job, Chief executive, Reuters Holding, Britain; Lionel Jospin, Socialist party leader, France; Henry Kissinger, Former U.S. secretary of state; Andrew Knight, News Corp., Britain; Winston Lord, Assistant secretary of state, U.S.; Paul Martin, Finance minister, Canada; Philippe Maystadt, Finance minister, Belgium; John Monks, Union leader, Britain; Mario Monti, European commissioner; Sam Nunn, U.S. senator; William Perry, Defence secretary, U.S.; Jan Petersen, Conservative party leader, Norway; Malcolm Rifkind, Foreign secretary, Britain; Renato Ruggiero, Director-general, World Trade Organization; Mona Sahlin, Member of parliament, Sweden; Klaus Schwab, President, World Economic Forum; Queen Sofia, Spain; George Soros, President, Soros Fund Management, U.S.; George Stephanopoulos, Senior adviser to the president, U.S.; Peter Sutherland, Former director-general, GATT and WTO, Ireland; J. Martin Taylor, Chief executive, Barclays Bank, Britain; Alex Trotman, Chairman, Ford Motor, U.S.; John Whitehead, Former deputy secretary of state, U.S.; James Wolfensohn, World Bank president.

33.  ^ Skelton, Charlie (13 June 2011). "Bilderberg 2011: Handbags at Dawn". The Guardian. London.

34.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e} Bilderberg: "Čechy nezvou. Po smrti Havla je nezajímáme" (Czech). Týden. Published on 6 June 2013.

35.  ^ Schwarzenberg se v USA zúčastnil utajeného setkání globálních elit (Czech). Mladá fronta DNES. Published on 9 June 2008.

36.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "Answer given by Mr Prodi on behalf of the Commission". European Parliament. 15 May 2003.

37.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j} Skelton, Charlie (15 June 2011). "Bilderberg 2011: The Good, The Bad, and the Incredibly Wealthy". The Guardian. London.

38.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "Register of Journalists' Interests". British House of Commons.

39.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c Skelton, Charlie (19 May 2009). "Our man at Bilderberg". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 May 2010. Mandelson's office has confirmed his attendance at this year's meeting: "Yes, Lord Mandelson attended Bilberberg. He found it a valuable conference."

40.  ^ "Valtiovarainministeriö: Heinäluoma Bilderberg-kokouksessa Ottawassa" (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2009.

41.  ^ "Valtiovarainministeriö: Katainen Bilderberg-kokoukseen Istanbuliin" (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 2 June 2008.

42.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c "Tiedote" (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 23 May 2009.

43.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "Prime Minister Vanhanen and Minister of Finance Katainen to attend Bilderberg Conference". Finnish Government. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011.

44.  ^ "Lista julki: Tässä Suomen osallistujat salamyhkäiseen Bilderberg-kokoukseen". Yle. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2015.

45.  ^ "Urpilainen Bilderberg-kokouksessa yksityishenkilönä veronmaksajien rahoilla" (in Finnish). June 2012.

46.  ^ "American Trip by M. Defferre Hope of Meeting the President". The Times. 20 March 1964. p. 13. The main purpose of M. Defferre's visit however, is to attend the annual Bilderberg Colloquy at which leaders of western thought are invited to speak their minds in the strictest secrecy.

47.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "Geschiedenis: Bilderberg-conferentie 1954" (in German).

48.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c Gathmann, Florian (5 June 2012). "Trittin und sein Bilderberg-Problem". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 12 June 2012.

49.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} "Participants 2018". Retrieved 20 July 2019.

50.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w} "Participants 2019". Retrieved 16 July 2019.

51.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "Bilderbergmeetings participants 2011". Archived from the original on 28 August 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2013.

52.  ^ "Westerwelle traf Gül – EU-Beitritt im Zentrum der Gespräche". Free Democratic Party of Germany. 30 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 March 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2009.

53.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj} "Bilderberg Meetings Vouliagmeni, Greece 14–17 May 2009". Bilderberg Meetings. 17 May 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2010.

54.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g} "Alþýðuflokksmaður boðinn í fyrsta sinn á Bilderbergfund". Morgunblaðið (The Morning Paper) (in Icelandic). 24 April 1993.

55.  ^ "Borgarskjalasafn Reykjavíkur – Vefur Bjarna Benediktssonar" (in Icelandic).

56.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "Dapur septemberdagur – einstakur atburður – söguleg ákvörðun NATO – umboð frá utanríkismálanefnd" [September sad day – a unique event – a historic decision of NATO – commissions of Foreign Affairs.] (in Icelandic). Bjarnason, Björn. 13 September 2001. Retrieved 23 May 2012.

57.  ^ "Samtíðarmenn" (in Icelandic). 2003. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2009.

58.  ^ "112. löggjafarþing, 277. fundur, fyrirspurn: greiðsla kostnaðar á fundaferðum ráðherra" (in Icelandic). Alþingi.

59.  ^ "100. löggjafarþing, 88. fundur, 357. mál, utanríkismál" (in Icelandic). Alþingi.

60.  ^ "Æviágrip: Jón Sigurðsson" (in Icelandic). Alþingi.

61.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f} "Noonan attends annual conference of Bilderberg group". The Irish Times. 2 June 2012. Archived from the original on 8 June 2015.

62.  ^ "What are the Bilderberg Meetings – and what's Michael Noonan doing there?". TheJournal.ie. 2 June 2012. Archived from the original on 8 June 2015.

63.  ^ "This minister is heading to the secretive Bilderberg summit – but in a 'private capacity'". TheJournal.ie. 28 May 2014. Archived from the original on 8 June 2015.

64.  ^ "6ª legislatura | Parlamento Europeo".

65.  ^ "Si riunisce il Bilderberg, per l'Italia Renzi, Feltri e Gruber - HuffPost Italia".

66.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c "Geschiedenis: Bilderberg 2012 Meeting – List of Participants". Archived from the original on 26 July 2013.

67.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "2014 Bilderberg Meeting". Archived from the original on 1 June 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2014.

68.  ^ "Steering Committee".

69.  ^ "Vollebæk, Clemet og Myklebust på årets Bilderberg-konferanse". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). 11 June 2008.

70.  ^ "Nobelpris pleier dårlig selskap?" [Nobel prize in bad company?]. Nordlys (in Norwegian). 7 October 2005.

71.  ^ "Siv Jensen inn i hemmelig maktelite". Nettavisen. 2006.

72.  ^ Beddington-Behrens, Sir Edward (13 June 1960). "Obituary – Mr. Joseph Retinger". The Times. p. 12.

73.  ^ "Olechowski for Salon24.pl – authorized interview". 12 June 2012.

74.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e} Teixeira, Francisco (25 March 2010). "Balsemão convida Rangel para o clube Bilderberg". Diário Económico (in Portuguese). Retrieved 18 September 2010.

75.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Rita, Cristina (1 September 2009). "Reunião foi muito interessante". Correio da Manhã (in Portuguese). Cofina. Retrieved 18 September 2010.

76.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f} "Rui Rio e António Costa juntos no Clube Bildeberg". Portugal Diário (in Portuguese). Media Capital. 27 June 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2010.

77.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f} "Portugueses no clube de elite Bilderberg" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 August 2013.

78.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f} Mascarenhas, Paulo Pinto (3 June 2010). "Bilderberg: Teixeira dos Santos e Paulo Rangel convidados para clube secreto". i (in Portuguese). Grupo Lena. Retrieved 24 September 2010.

79.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g} "Club Bilderberg reúne-se em Sitges". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). 2 June 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.

80.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c d "Portuguese newspaper organised Bilderberg meeting". The Portugal News. 4 November 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.

81.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c d ""Van Quem?" é o favorito na corrida a presidente do Conselho Europeu". i (in Portuguese). Grupo Lena. 18 November 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2010.

82.  ^ "Rangel convidado por Balsemão para encontro do grupo Bilderberg". Portugal Diário (in Portuguese). Media Capital. 25 March 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.

83.  ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h} Svenska Dagbladet Näringsliv. 12 November 2009. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

84.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c "Western Issues Aired". The Washington Post. 24 April 1978. The three-day 26th Bilderberg Meeting concluded at a secluded cluster of shingled buildings in what was once a farmer's field. Zbigniew Brzezinski, President Carter's national security adviser, Swedish Prime Minister Thorbjorrn Falldin, former secretary of state Henry Kissinger and NATO Commander Alexander M. Haig Jr. were among 104 North American and European leaders at the conference.

85.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "PARTICIPANTS". Bilderberg Meetings. Retrieved 13 January 2018.

86.  ^ "Bilderberg Meetings – Sitges, Spain 3–6 June 2010 – Final List of Participants". Bilderberg Meetings. Archived from the original on 17 June 2010.

87.  ^ "Participants | Bilderberg Meetings". www.bilderbergmeetings.org. Retrieved 18 December 2016.

88.  ^ Aitken, Ian (26 May 1989). "The Day in Politics: Unlucky break for minder Mandelson". The Guardian. Mr Paddy Ashdown is not yet wholly at ease with the trappings of office, even if the office in question is only that of leader of the Social and Liberal Democrats. Attending the Bilderberg Conference of European political leaders in Spain last week, he was deeply impressed by the splendour of the official cars and the intensity of the security precautions laid on for his arrival. Reaching the conference headquarters at last, he sank into a chair and said to his neighbour: 'Hello, I'm Paddy Ashdown.' The neighbour smiled diffidently, put out his hand, and said: 'Hello, I'm the King of Spain.'

89.  ^ Goslett, Miles (12 August 2007). "Taxpayers foot bill for Ed Balls 'junket'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008.

90.  ^ "Like Ed Balls at Bilderberg, have you ever been refused entry to somewhere important?". The Guardian. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2022.

91.  ^ "Bilderberg guests include George Osborne and Ed Balls". BBC News. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2022.

92.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c "Who pulls the strings?". The Guardian. London. 10 March 2001. Retrieved 8 May 2010.

93.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "Memorandum submitted by the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards – Complaint against Mr Kenneth Clarke". United Kingdom Parliament. 11 July 1997. Mr Clarke subsequently explained that he and Mr Blair considered that they were attending the conference as representatives of the Government and the Opposition respectively, and stated that 'I was quite confident that I was at the time meeting the rules applying to Ministers, and it did not occur to me that the new rules concerning registration could apply to this visit'.

94.  ^ "House of Commons – Register of Members' Interests". Commons Publications. 2 December 1998. Retrieved 21 July 2009.

95.  ^ "Register of Members' Interests". 9 June 1999. 3–6 June 1999, to Portugal, to attend Bilderberg meetings. I paid for my own air fare; the hotel accommodation for three nights was paid for by the organisers.

96.  ^ "Register of Members' Interests". 21 May 2003. 15–18 May 2003, to Versailles, France, to attend a Bilderberg Conference. I paid for my own air fare; the hotel accommodation for three nights was paid for by the organisers.

97.  ^ "Register of Members' Interests". 8 June 2004. 3–6 June 2004, to Stresa, Italy, to attend Bilderberg Conference. I paid for my own air fare; the hotel accommodation for three nights was paid for by the organisers.

98.  ^ Jump up to:^a b "House of Commons – Register of Members' Interests". Parliament of the United Kingdom.

99.  ^ "Register of Members' Interests – Kenneth Clarke". United Kingdom Parliament. 16 June 2008.

100.                               ^ "Kenneth Clarke:Full register of members' interests". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2010. 5–8 June 2008, to Chantilly, Virginia, USA, to attend Bilderberg Conference. Hotel accommodation paid for by the conference sponsors. (I paid my travel costs.) (Registered 12 June 2008)

101.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b c "Participants". Bilderberg Meetings. Retrieved 4 June 2022.

102.                               ^ "'Atlantic world' theme for Bilderberg conference". The Times. 19 April 1974. p. 6.

103.                               ^ "Register of Members' Interests – George Osborne". United Kingdom Parliament. 3 July 2007.

104.                               ^ "Register of Members' Interests – George Osborne". United Kingdom Parliament. 16 June 2008.

105.                               ^ "Register of Member' Interests – George Osborne". United Kingdom Parliament. 27 May 2009.

106.                               ^ Ronson, Jon (10 March 2001). "Who pulls the strings? (part 3)". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 July 2009. During the Falklands war, the British government's request for international sanctions against Argentina fell on stony ground. But at a Bilderberg meeting in, I think, Denmark, David Owen stood up and gave the most fiery speech in favour of imposing them. Well, the speech changed a lot of minds. I'm sure that various foreign ministers went back to their respective countries and told their leaders what David Owen had said. And you know what? Sanctions were imposed.

107.                               ^ "Heath asks nation to be calm, fair, responsible, constructive". The Times. 29 April 1968. p. 2. The outstretched hand of Mr. Powell was rejected by the leader of a coloured delegation which tried to present a petition to him today at the ski lodge at Mont Tremblanc Quebec, where Mr. Powell was attending the seventeenth annual Bilderberg conference.

108.                               ^ "Register of Lords Interests – Lord Roll of Ipsden". United Kingdom Parliament. 1 October 2004. Archived from the original on 7 February 2008.

109.                               ^ "Lords Hansard Written Answers text for 19 Mar 1996". 19 March 1996. Retrieved 19 September 2010.

110.                               ^ Ashdown, Paddy (November 2000). The Ashdown Diaries: 1988–1997. Allen Lane. ISBN 0-7139-9510-6.

111.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b c Bill Hayton (29 September 2005). "Inside the secretive Bilderberg Group". BBC.

112.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b "Clinton; Tony and Gordon just have to work this out; The former president, who is expected to play a starring role at the Labour conference, talks to Toby Harnden about the party; its future and its leadership contest". The Spectator. 16 September 2006. p. 14. In fact, Clinton, then governor of Arkansas and considered a rank outsider for the 1992 presidential race, first met Brown in June 1991 at the Bilderberg conference in the Black Forest resort of Baden-Baden. By all accounts, the two clicked.

113.                               ^ "Twenty-fifth Bilderberg meeting held". Facts on File World News Digest. 14 May 1977. Alec Douglas-Home, the former prime minister of Great Britain, chaired the conference, replacing Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, who had previously headed the Bilderberg invitation committee. (Prince Bernhard had resigned all public positions after the 1976 Lockheed scandal.)

114.                               ^ "News in Brief". The Times. 26 April 1975. p. 5. Mrs Thatcher, the Conservative leader and Mr Healey, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, were among participants in the twenty second Bilderberg Conference.

115.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b Caroline Moorehead (18 April 1977). "Times Profile: The Bilderberg Group". The Times. p. 9. Henry Kissinger will be there. So will Helmut Schmidt, Baron Edmond de Rothschild, Joseph Luns, Giovanni Agnelli and Mrs Thatcher. This is the twenty-fifth Bilderberg meeting.

116.                               ^ "Bogus gun threat at Bilderberg". The Times. 29 April 1986. p. 2. A man slipped through tight security to enter the grounds of the Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire where the Prime Minister and other Western leaders were in conference over the weekend.

117.                               ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v} "Participants | Bilderberg Meetings".

118.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b c d "Conspiracists Push "Bilderberger" Theory". AOL News. 15 March 2008.

119.                               ^ "George W. Ball Papers, 1880s–1994" (PDF). Princeton University Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2007.

120.                               ^ "Text of Remarks by National Security Advisor Samuel R. Berger to the Bilderberg Steering Committee; "Strengthening the Bipartisan Center: An Internationalist Agenda for America"". Federal News Service. 4 November 1999.

121.                               ^ "FOIA 2008-0637-F – Bilderberg Conferences". Clinton Digital Library. Retrieved 5 November 2015.

122.                               ^ "Herter, Christian Archibald, 1895–1966. Papers: Guide". Houghton Library, Harvard. Archived from the original on 2 September 2006. Retrieved 12 November 2006.

123.                               ^ Aubourg, Valerie (2003). "Organizing Atlanticism: the Bilderberg group and the Atlantic institute, 1952–1963". Intelligence and National Security. 18 (2): 92–105.

124.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b Alden Hatch (1962). H.R.H. Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands: An authorized biography. London: Harrap. B0000CLLN4

125.                               ^ "Bilderberg Evian Conference Report 1992" (PDF). info.publicintelligence.net. 30 April 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 April 2020.

126.                               ^ Maxwell, Kenneth (2004). "The Case of the Missing Letter in Foreign Affairs:: Kissinger, Pinochet and Operation Condor". David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007.

127.                               ^ "Participants 2018".

128.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b "Secretive Bilderberg Group Meetings Begin in Virginia". BBC News. 1 June 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.

129.                               ^ "Here are all the CEOs and politicians going to the top secret Bilderberg Conference this week". Business Insider. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2019.

130.                               ^ "U.S. Sen. John Edwards at Bilderberg. (UPI Top Stories)". UPI NewsTrack. 6 June 2004.

131.                               ^ Cowell, Alan; Halbfinger, David M. (11 July 2004). "The Nation: Conspiracy Theorists Unite; A Secret Conference Thought to Rule the World". The New York Times.

132.                               ^ Jackie Kucinich (12 May 2005). "World leaders attend meeting that they won't talk about". The Hill. p. 4. Several members of Congress have been said to be on the guest list in the past, including Sens. Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-Texas), Chris Dodd (D-Conn.), Jon Corzine (D-N.J.), Chuck Hagel (R-Neb.) and Evan Bayh (D-Ind.). Sen. John Edwards (D-N.C) took a break from the campaign trail to attend the meeting last year. Hagel's office confirmed that he had attended the conference in 1999 and 2000.

133.                               ^ "Bilderberg Meetings Chantilly, Virginia, USA, 31 May – 3 June 2012 Final List of Participants". BilderbergMeetings.org. 31 May 2012. USA Daniels, Jr., Mitchell E. Governor of Indiana

134.                               ^ "John Hickenlooper violated ethics laws twice in 2018, commission finds". The Denver Post. 5 June 2020.

135.                               ^ Christy Hoppe (31 May 2007), "Perry off to secret forum in Turkey", The Dallas Morning News, retrieved 21 July 2009

136.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b "Why is our governor visiting this group". The Augusta Chronicle. 19 June 2008. p. 8. Some of the names on the list are intriguing. Some of the well-known names include:Ben Bernanke – chairman, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System; Condoleezza Rice – U.S. secretary of state; James A. Johnson – tasked with choosing U.S. Sen. Barack Obama's running mate; Paul Wolfowitz – with the Institute for Public Policy Research. The one name that stands out in my opinion this year is South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford.

137.                               ^ Valerie Aubourg (June 2003). Organizing Atlanticism: the Bilderberg Group and the Atlantic Institute 1952–63.

138.                               ^ Die Presse am Sonntag, 6 June 2010, S.18&19,58. "Bilderberg"- Konferenz: Das Geheimnis von Sitges online 5 June 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2010

139.                               ^ "Faymann bei mysteriösen Bilderbergern". Wiener Zeitung (in German). 5 June 2010. Retrieved 14 June 2010.

140.                               ^ Robert Benzie (12 June 2006). "Ontario to build nuclear reactors". Toronto Star.

141.                               ^ "Bank of Canada's Mark Carney". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 3 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.

142.                               ^ Charlie Skelton (18 May 2009). "Our man at Bilderberg: I should be ashamed". The Guardian. He shows me another: a long-range shot of two happy globalists in an inflatable doughnut ring and Speedos, skidding about behind a powerboat. If only the image was sharper we might see Peter Mandelson snatching a chat with Jean-Claude Trichet, the president of the European Central Bank. "So how do we sell ... splooosh! ... wooo! ... the abolition of the pound to the ... sploosh! ... electorate? Again! Again! Once more round the bay!"

143.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b Caroline Moorehead (18 April 1977). "An exclusive club, perhaps without power, but certainly with influence: The Bilderberg group". The Times.

144.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b "Official 2005 Bilderberg Participant List on grazingsheep.com". 12 June 2012.

145.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b c d "Bruno Fay's blog on Le Monde". Archived from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.

146.                               ^ "Announcement on master agreement on securities trading". Retrieved 12 August 2013.

147.                               ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e} "Bilderberg Meeting of 1997 Assembles". PR Newswire. 13 June 1997. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2012.

148.                               ^ "Bilderberg List 2006". Lone Lantern. Archived from the original on 2 November 2006.

149.                               ^ "Degrees of separation, Ireland's Bilderberg Attendees". 2 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 June 2015.

150.                               ^ "Secretive Bilderberg group sets sights on Michael O'Leary: Ryanair chief asked to join select conference reputed to truly govern international affairs". The Irish Times. 27 February 2015. Archived from the original on 8 June 2015.

151.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b c "A press release distributed by PR Newswire Europe". Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2012.

152.                               ^ Njølstad p.540

153.                               ^ Nasjonens Skygge, del 2 [Shadow of the Nation, part 2] (in Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. 2012. Event occurs at 19:30. Bilderberg-gruppen opererer i det skjulte. Gruppens første samling finner sted på Hotel Bilderberg i Holland i 1954. [...] I hans etterlatte arkiver avsløres hyppig korrespondanse med Bilderberg-organisasjonene grunnlegger. Her kommer det frem at Hauge har en sentral plass i styret i den hemmelige gruppen.

154.                               ^ WeAreChange (30 May 2019), Journalists Thrown in Jail Cell As Bilderberg Arrives in Switzerland, archived from the original on 21 December 2021, retrieved 5 June 2019

155.                               ^ "Participants | Bilderberg Meeting 2018". www.bilderbergmeetings.org. Retrieved 14 June 2018.

156.                               ^ "1984 Bilderberg Meeting Participant List | Public Intelligence". publicintelligence.net. 13 February 2010.

157.                               ^ "Bill Gates hablará sobre energía y cómo combatir la pobreza en Club Bilderberg". 20 minutos (in Spanish). 5 June 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2010.

158.                                              ^ "Bilderberg Group Meets in Georgia in Secrecy 120 of Elite Make Up Informal Think Tank". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 13 June 1997.:

"What do Henry Kissinger, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, Colin Powell, David Rockefeller and IBM Chairman Louis Gerstner have in common?"

"They are among 120 dignitaries from Europe and the United States meeting at a secluded resort in Georgia as part of an organization called the Bilderberg Group."

"For four days that began Thursday, the group's influential guests are part of an informal think tank on world issues."

159.                               ^ "Bilderberg 2012: Global Leaders Gather For Shadowy Conference At Virginia Hotel", HuffPost

160.                               ^ "Bilderberg Group 2013: guest list and agenda", The Telegraph

161.                               ^ "2015: Final List of Participants". Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2017.

162.                               ^ Richard Pipes (2006). Vixi: Memoirs of a Non-Belonger. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10965-2. when I attended the Bilderberg meeting at the Bürgenstock Hotel above Lake Lucerne

163.                               ^ "Bundeskanzler Faymann bei Bilderberg-Treffen in St. Moritz" [Bundeskanzler Faymann at Bilderberg meeting in St. Moritz]. Der Standard (in German). Vienna, Austria. 10 June 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2012.

164.                               ^ Jump up to:^a b "Latest News from Toronto, Canada & World | Toronto Sun".

165.                               ^ Goddard, Jacqui (15 February 2004). "Prufrock: Rulers of the world prepare to expel Black". The Sunday Times. London. Retrieved 8 May 2010. The final straw came this month when Black said he would sue Henry Kissinger and Richard Perle, both directors of Hollinger and fellow Bilderbergers. Now he is going to be pressed to leave the group.

166.                               ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 October 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

167.                               ^ "David Frum on Bilderberg: International group of mystery | Full Comment | National Post". Archived from the original on 14 October 2010. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

168.                               ^ "Seidenfaden gives Bilderberg insight". Politiken. 17 June 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.

169.                               ^ "Emmanuel Macron s'explique sur ses anciens revenus de banquier". Le Point (in French). 19 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.

170.                               ^ "Bilderberg Meetings Chantilly, Virginia, USA, 31 May – 3 June 2012 – Final list of participants". Bilderberg Meetings. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2012.

171.                               ^ "Leaders' meeting exclusive, secret: Chance for relaxed discussions". Hamilton Spectator (Ontario, Canada). 1 June 1996.

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·         This page was last edited on 3 July 2024, at 13:48 (UTC).