ودع . [ وَ ] (ع اِ) قبر. (منتهی الارب
) (آنندراج ). گور. (ناظم الاطباء). رجوع به ودیع شود. || محوطه ای که گرداگرد گور
باشد. (منتهی الارب ). گور یا محوطه ٔ گرداگرد آن . (آنندراج ) (اقرب المورد). || کلاکموش
. وَدَع . (منتهی الارب ) (آنندراج ). || هدف . (از اقرب الموارد). غرض . (اقرب الموارد).
ج ، ودوع . (از اقرب الموارد). || مهره های سفید یا صدف که از دریا استخراج کنند و
برای دفع چشم زخم به خود آویزند. (اقرب الموارد). رجوع به ودع شود. || (مص ) بدرود
کردن . (منتهی الارب ) (اقرب الموارد) (آنندراج ) (ناظم الاطباء). وداع نمودن در وقت
کوچ کردن . (ناظم الاطباء). || جامه را در جامه ٔ دیگر نهادن و نگاه داشتن آن را در
آن . (منتهی الارب ) (ناظم الاطباء) (از اقرب الموارد) (آنندراج ). || ساکن و مستقر
شدن . (از اقرب الموارد). || آرامش یافتن . (اقرب الموارد). || ترک کردن و سپردن .
(منتهی الارب ) (از اقرب الموارد). و قرائت شده است بطور شاذ ماوَدَعَک َربک . (منتهی
الارب ). دست بداشتن . (المصادر زوزنی ).
////////////////////
ودع. بپارسی کچل خوانند
و بزرگ وی سفیدمهره خوانند و کوچک وی را بشیرازی گوش‌ماهی گویند و آن نوعی از حلزون
است و حلزون شیح بود و وی پیچیده و پهن بود و ودع دراز و پیچیده بود و در قوت مانند
صدف باشد و بخاصیت مانند شیح
صاحب مخزن الادویه می‌نویسد: ودع بفتح
واو در ماهیت از جمله اصداف و حلزونات است باصناف و اقسام و اشکال مختلفه می‌باشد آنچه
دراز و پیچیده است بفارسی کچک و در دیلم کلاچک و باصفهانی کسن گربه و بهندی کودی و
نوع کوچک آن را بشیرازی گوش‌ماهی و بهندی کهونکا نامند و بهترین آن بحری آنست و شیح
پهن و پیچیده بود
اختیارات بدیعی
//////////////////
کس گربه. مهره ای است که گویا از بقایای جانوران دریا گرفته
و نرم تنان بدست آید و آن را درجزء نظر قربانی برای جلوگیری از چشم زدن به کودکان می
آویزند. (لغات عامیانه جمال زاده ). کودی که یک سرش بسته باشند و کودی سوراخ دار. در
ایران بگردن خر می بندند و گردن بند و گردبان و کودی در ولایت ایران مصرفی ندارد غیر
از این . و در هندوستان بگردن و پشت گاو بندند و در نقدینه هم رواج دارد و خرمهره عبارت
از همین است . (آنندراج ):
ویران چو شود یکسرشان
گو می شو
ملکی که بود از کس گربه
زر او.
///////////////
ودع/کاوری (cowrie( کس گربه; (جانورشناسی - از ریشه ی سانسکریت); خرمهره; رنگین صدف; کاوری
(انواع شکم پایان تیره ی Cypraeidae که صدف های رنگینی دارند و بومی آب های گرمسیر می
باشند)
///////////////
////////////////
ودع[عدل]
الودع مستخدمٌ كنرد
عدة انواع من الودع
صورة من سنة 1845 تظهر
استخدام تاجر عربي للودع كمَالٍ.
المَسْقَلة أو الوَدَع
الواحدة وَدَعَة بمعنى (cowry (cypraea : صدف تُزَيّن به الدواب[1].
القاموس المحيط لفيروزالآبادي[عدل]
ورد فيه أن سَمّ والجمع
سموم كل شيء كالودع يخرج من البحر.[2]
المراجع[عدل]
^ معجم الحيوان دار
الرائد العربي للفريق امين معلوف طبعة 1985 ص 74
^ قاموس المحيط لفيروزالآباديّ
تحقيق الدكتور محمود مسعود أحمد المكتبة العصرية صيدا بيروت لبنان الطبعة الأولى ص
758
طالع أيضاً[عدل]
أم الخلول
بنات الخلول
Midori Extension.svg هذه بذرة مقالة بحاجة للتوسيع. شارك في تحريرها.
مشاريع شقيقة في كومنز
صور وملفات عن: ودع
تصنيف: أصداف
///////////////
Cowry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused
with kauri.
Main articles: Cypraeoidea, Cypraeidae,
and Shell
money
Cowry
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Cowry, generally are seen on rocky place of sea bed
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Kingdom:
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Phylum:
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Class:
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Subclass:
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Superfamily:
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Cypraeidae
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Genus:
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Cypraea
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live cowry
Shells of various species of
cowries; all but one have their anterior ends pointing towards the top of the
page in this image
Cowry or cowrie, plural cowries,
is the common name for a group of small to large sea snails,marine gastropod molluscs in
the family Cypraeidae, the cowries. The word cowry is
also often used to refer only to the shells of
these snails, which overall are often shaped more or less like an egg,
except that they are rather flat on the underside.
Many people throughout
history have found (and still find) the very rounded, shiny, porcelain-like
shells of cowries pleasing to look at and to handle. Indeed the term
"porcelain" derives from the oldItalian term
for the cowrie shell (porcellana) due to their similar translucent
appearance.[1] Shells
of certain species have historically been used as currency in
several parts of the world, as well as being used, in the past and present,
very extensively in jewellery, and for other decorative and ceremonial
purposes.
The cowry was the shell most
widely used worldwide as shell
money. It is most abundant in theIndian
Ocean, and was collected in the Maldive
Islands, in Sri Lanka, along the Malabar coast, inBorneo and on
other East Indian islands, and in various parts of the African coast
from Ras
Hafun toMozambique. Cowry shell money was important at one time or
another in the trade networks ofAfrica, South Asia, and East Asia.
Some species in the
family Ovulidae are
also often referred to as cowries. In the British
Isles the local Trivia species (family Triviidae,
species Trivia monacha and Trivia
arctica) are sometimes called cowries. The Ovulidae and the Triviidae
are somewhat closely related to Cypraeidae.
1742 drawing of shells of the
money cowry, Cypraea moneta
Contents
[show]
Shell description[edit]
The shells of cowries are
usually smooth and shiny and more or less egg-shaped, with a flat under surface
which shows a long, narrow, slit-like opening (aperture),
which is often toothed at the edges. The narrower end of the egg-shaped cowry
shell is the anterior end. The spire of
the shell is not visible in the adult shell of most species, but is visible in
juveniles, which have a different shape from the adults.
Nearly all cowries have a
porcelain-like shine, with some exceptions such as Hawaii's
granulated cowry, Nucleolaria granulata. Many have colorful
patterns. Lengths range from 5 mm for
some species up to 19 cm for the Atlantic deer cowry, Macrocypraea cervus.
Etymology[edit]
Human use[edit]
A print from 1845 shows cowry
shells being used as money by an Arab trader.
Cowry shells,
especially Monetaria moneta, were used for centuries as
currency in Africa. After the 1500s, however, it became even more common.
Western nations, chiefly through the slave
trade, introduced huge amounts of Maldivian cowries in Africa.[3] The Ghanaian unit
of currency known as theGhanaian cedi was named after cowry shells.
Starting over three thousand years ago, cowry shells, or copies of the shells,
were used as Chinese currency.[4] They
were also used as means of exchange inIndia.
The Classical
Chinese character for money (貝)
originated as a stylized drawing of a Maldivian[citation needed] cowrie
shell.[5] Words
and characters concerning money, property or wealth usually have this as
a radical. Before the Spring
and Autumn period the cowrie was used as a type of trade token
awarding access to a feudal lord's resources to a worthy vassal.[citation needed]
Antiquities of the southern
Indians, particularly of the Georgia tribes (1873)
The Ojibway aboriginal
people in North America use cowry shells which are called
sacred Miigis Shells orwhiteshells in Midewiwin ceremonies,
and the Whiteshell Provincial Park in Manitoba, Canada is
named after this type of shell. There is some debate about how the Ojibway
traded for or found these shells, so far inland and so far north, very distant
from the natural habitat. Oral stories and birch bark scrolls seem to indicate that
the shells were found in the ground, or washed up on the shores of lakes or
rivers. Finding the cowry shells so far inland could indicate the previous use
of them by an earlier tribe or group in the area, who may have obtained them
through an extensive trade network in the ancient past. Petroforms in
the Whiteshell Provincial Park may be
as old as 8,000 years.[citation needed]
Cowry shells are also worn
as jewelry or
otherwise used asornaments or charms. They are
viewed as symbols ofwomanhood, fertility, birth and wealth.[6] The
symbolism of the cowry shell is associated with the appearance of its
underside: the lengthwise opening makes the shell look like a vulva or an eye.[7]
Cowrie shells used as dice,
showing a roll of 3
Cowry shells are sometimes
used in a way similar to dice, e.g., inboard games like Pachisi, Ashta Chamma or in divination (cf. Ifáand the annual customs of Dahomey of Benin). A number of
shells (6 or 7 in Pachisi) are thrown, with those landing aperture upwards
indicating the actual number rolled.[citation needed]
In Nepal cowries
are used for a gambling game, where 16 pieces of cowries are tossed by four
different bettors (and sub-bettors under them). This game is usually played at
homes and in public during the Hindu festival
ofTihar[8] or Deepawali.
In the same festival these shells are also worshiped as a symbol of GoddessLaxmi and
wealth.[citation needed]
Cowry shells were among the
devices used for divination by the Kaniyar
Panicker astrologers of Kerala, India.[9]
On the Fiji Islands, a
shell of the golden cowry or bulikula, Cypraea
aurantium, was drilled at the ends and worn on a string around the neck
bychieftains as
a badge of rank.[10] The
women of Tuvalu use cowrie and
other shells in traditional handicrafts.[11]
Large cowry shells such as
that of a Cypraea tigris have been used in Europe in the
recent past as a darning egg over which sock heels were
stretched. The cowry's smooth surface allows the needle to be positioned under
the cloth more easily.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
1. Jump up^ Oxford English Dictionary: "The
ceramic material was apparently so named on account of the resemblance of its
translucent surface to the nacreousshell of the mollusc. [...] The cowrie was probably
originally so named on account of the resemblance of the fissure of its shell
to a vulva (it
is unclear whether the reference is spec. to the vulva of a sow)."
3. Jump up^ Jan Hogendorn and Marion Johnson
(1986). The
Shell Money of the Slave Trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521541107. Retrieved 29
April 2015.
6. Jump up^ Radiance
from the Waters: Ideals of Feminine Beauty in Mende Art by Sylvia Ardyn Boone. Yale University Press, 1986.
9. Jump up^ Panikkar, T. K. Gopal (1995)
[1900]. Malabar
and its folk (2nd reprinted ed.). Asian Educational Services.
p. 257. ISBN 978-81-206-0170-3.
11. Jump up^ Tiraa-Passfield, Anna (September
1996). "The
uses of shells in traditional Tuvaluan handicrafts" (PDF). SPC
Traditional Marine Resource Management and Knowledge Information Bulletin #7.
Retrieved 8 February 2014.
Further reading[edit]
·
Felix Lorenz and Alex Hubert, A Guide to
Worldwide Cowries; Conchbooks (1999)
External links[edit]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cowry money.
|
·
Beautifulcowries –
a gallery of images of cowries
·
"Cowry". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
"Cowry". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
