Aspirin Use to Prevent 1st Heart Attack or Stroke Should Be Curtailed, U.S. Panel Says Adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease may face serious side effects if they start a daily regimen of low-dose aspirin. Doctors would be discouraged from starting patients on a daily dose of baby aspirin to prevent heart attack or stroke under proposed new guidelines. Doctors would be discouraged from starting patients on a daily dose of baby aspirin to prevent heart attack or stroke under proposed new guidelines.Credit...Alamy Roni Caryn Rabin By Roni Caryn Rabin Oct. 12, 2021, 11:00 a.m. ET Doctors should no longer routinely begin prescribing a daily regimen of low-dose aspirin to most people at high risk of a first heart attack or stroke, according to new draft guidelines by a U.S. panel of experts. The proposed recommendation is based on mounting evidence that the risk of serious side effects far outweighs the benefit of what was once considered a remarkably cheap weapon in the fight against heart disease. The U.S. panel also plans to retreat from its 2016 recommendation to take baby aspirin for the prevention of colorectal cancer, guidance that was groundbreaking at the time. The panel said more recent data had raised questions about the putative benefits for cancer, and that more research was needed. On the use of low-dose or baby aspirin, the recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force would apply to people younger than 60 who were at high risk of heart disease and for whom a new daily regimen of the mild analgesic might have been a tool to prevent a first heart attack or stroke. The proposed guidelines would not apply to those already taking aspirin or those who have already had a heart attack. The U.S. task force also wants to strongly discourage anyone 60 and older from starting a low-dose aspirin regimen, citing concerns about the age-related heightened risk for life-threatening bleeding. The panel had previously recommended that people in their 60s who were at high risk for cardiovascular disease consult their doctors to make a decision. A low dose is 81 milligrams to 100 milligrams. Advertisement Continue reading the main story The task force proposals follow years of changes in advice by several leading medical organizations and federal agencies, some of which had already recommended limiting the use of low-dose aspirin as a preventive tool against heart disease and stroke. Aspirin inhibits the formation of blood clots that can block arteries, but studies have raised concerns that regular intake increases the risk of bleeding, especially in the digestive tract and the brain, dangers that increase with age. “There’s no longer a blanket statement that everybody who’s at increased risk for heart disease, even though they never had a heart attack, should be on aspirin,” said Dr. Chien-Wen Tseng, a member of the national task force who is the research director of family medicine and community health at the University of Hawaii. “We need to be smarter at matching primary prevention to the people who will benefit the most and have the least risk of harms.” Research shows that the increased risk of bleeding occurs relatively quickly after someone begins regular use of aspirin. Those who are already taking baby aspirin should talk to their doctor. “We don’t recommend anyone stop without talking to a clinician, and definitely not if they have already had a heart attack or stroke,” she added. The task force includes 16 experts in disease prevention and evidence-based medicine who periodically evaluate screening tests and preventive treatments. Members are appointed by the director of the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, but the group is independent and its recommendations often help shape U.S. medical practice.

 
Canadian economist David Card’s research on minimum wage wins Nobel Prize
Ian Bailey


UC Berkeley professor and Canadian economist David Card, pictured at the UC Berkeley campus in Berkeley, Calif., on Oct. 11, 2021, has won the 2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.

Brittany Hosea-Small/UC Berkeley

David Card, a Canadian economist whose groundbreaking research challenged conventional wisdom on a number of labour issues, has won this year’s Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced on Monday that Prof. Card, born in Guelph, Ont., and a professor at the University of California at Berkeley, will receive half of this year’s prize. The other half of the 10-million-kronor ($1.42-million) prize will be awarded jointly to Joshua Angrist, an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Guido Imbens, an economics professor at Stanford University.

All three were honoured for pioneering “natural experiments” to show real-world economic effects. The academy said the three have “completely reshaped empirical work in the economic sciences.”

In the case of Prof. Card, the award cited research conducted in the early 1990s, which concluded that increasing a country’s minimum wage does not lead to reduced hiring, and that immigration does not harm the employment prospects of native-born workers.

In an interview with The Globe and Mail on Monday, Prof. Card, who is 65, joked that being praised for research done so long ago made him feel “old.”

“To tell you the honest truth, at the time the work was not so well received by many economists,” he said. “A few people thought it was interesting. It got published. It was not widely accepted.”

Prof. Card said winning the Nobel is unlikely to have a huge effect on his professional life at the University of California at Berkeley, where he is the director of the Center for Labor Economics.

“In the short run, I am going to have to do a lot of interviews and I’ll probably get invited to a lot of things I can’t do because I am teaching,” he said.

“Economics is a very strange profession. People are harsh on the stars,” he said, laughing. “Getting the Nobel Prize? That just means they are going to be harsher when they review your next proposal. That would be my guess.”

After graduating from Queen’s University in Kingston, Ont., Prof. Card went to Princeton in 1978 to earn his PhD. He taught for one year at the University of Chicago, then returned to Princeton, where he taught until 1996. He arrived at the University of California, Berkeley in 1997.

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Prof. Card remains a Canadian citizen. His family still lives on the farm where he grew up.

“I got a Canada Council Fellowship when I was in grad school and have always been very grateful for that, and I believe I got a good education both in high school and college in Canada,” he said. “I’ve done a lot of research with Canadian data and have many Canadian friends and colleagues and former students, so I have great respect and fondness for Canada.”

In a study published in 1993, Prof. Card looked at what happened to jobs at Burger King, KFC, Wendy’s and Roy Rogers when New Jersey raised its minimum wage from US$4.25 to US$5.05, using restaurants in bordering eastern Pennsylvania as the control – or comparison – group. Contrary to previous studies, he and his late research partner Alan Krueger found that an increase in the minimum wage had no effect on the number of employees.

Prof. Card and Prof. Krueger’s research fundamentally altered economists’ views of such policies. As noted by The Economist magazine, in 1992 a survey of the American Economic Association’s members found that 79 per cent agreed that a minimum-wage law increased unemployment among younger and lower-skilled workers. Those views were largely based on traditional economic notions of supply and demand: If you raise the price of something, you get less of it.

By 2000, however, just 46 per cent of the AEA’s members said minimum-wage laws increase unemployment, largely because of Prof. Card and Prof. Krueger’s research.

Prof. Card’s research also found that an influx of immigrants into a city doesn’t cost native workers jobs or lower their earnings, though earlier immigrants can be negatively affected.

Prof. Card studied the labour market in Miami in the wake of Cuba’s sudden decision to let people emigrate in 1980, leading 125,000 people to leave in what became known as the Mariel Boatlift. It resulted in a 7-per-cent increase in the city’s work force. By comparing the evolution of wages and employment in four other cities, Prof. Card discovered no negative effects for Miami residents with low levels of education. Follow-up work showed that increased immigration can have a positive impact on income for people born in the country.

Prof. Angrist and Prof. Imbens won their half of the award for working out the methodological issues that allow economists to draw solid conclusions about cause and effect even where they cannot carry out studies according to strict scientific methods.

Asked about the message his win sends other academics, especially those just starting out, Prof. Card gave the question a few moments of thought before answering.

“There’s one positive message, I guess,” he said. “I’ve had good luck in my career and support and stuff, but I don’t think, when I was a young person, I was ever considered a superstar. So there’s hope.”

With a report from Associated Press

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 اردش . [ اَ دَ ] (اِخ ) شهریست قدیم به ارمنستان و پایتخت آن. موقع وی بر کنار نهر الرس بمسافت 68 میلی جنوب شرقی اریوان و آنرا ارضاشاش والی ارمینیه ٔ کبری 187 ق. م. بنا کرد و سپس شهر بسوخت و باز بنا شد و آنگاه ایرانیان به سال 370 م . آنرا تصرف کردند و جانبی از آنرا خراب کردند و سکنه ٔ آنرا اسیر گرفتند و در آن وقت در اردش 9000 خانه ٔ یهود و 40000 خانه ٔ ارمنیان بود و سکنه ٔ آن 190000 باشد و متناوباً این شهر بارها خراب و آباد گشته و امروزه قصبه ایست کوچک. (ضمیمه ٔ معجم البلدان).

 صحن.  قدح بزرگ. (منتهی الارب) (مهذب الاسماء).رفد. عسف. (منتهی الارب). کاسه ٔ بزرگ. بشقاب. طشت فراخ. (غیاث اللغات ). طبق بزرگ. (غیاث اللغات) : دویست عدد چینی فغفوری از صحن و کاسه و نیم کاسه و غیره (تاریخ بیهقی). روزی هادی صحنی برنج نیمی بخورد و نیمی در وی زهر کرد و به مادر فرستاد. (مجمل التواریخ و القصص)... خوان رطب پیش او آوردند بخورد و گفت خوش است و چندی از صحن بر گرفت و گفت به گیلان برم و آنجا بکارم. (مجمل التواریخ و القصص)

لنگری پشت سر انداخته "دیس" افراشتیم تا متجدد و فرنگ رفته نمائیم.  همانند پالتو و مانتو که جانشین فرجی 

کردیم

 لنگری . [ ل َگ َ] (اِ) بشقاب مانند بسیار بزرگ که در آن پلاو کنند و آن نسبت به لنگر صوفیان و فتیان است که این ظرف در آنجا به کار برده میشد. نوعی از طشت بزرگ. (غیاث). بشقابی/قابی  سخت بزرگ. لگن مانندی بزرگ برای غذاخوری. صحن. قاب/بشقاب گونه ای بسیار بزرگ با لبه ٔ پهن که در لنگرها در آن طعام کشیدندی خوردن صوفیان را. ظرف بزرگ برای کشیدن پلو، شاید معمول لنگرهای درویشان بوده است. قسمی دوری بزرگ. دوری بسیار بزرگ لب تخت. ظرف غذا که از قاب بزرگتر باشد. دوری های بسیار بزرگ با لبه های پهن : دوهزار چینی دیگر از لنگری و کاسه های کلان و خمره های چینی کلان و خرد. (تاریخ بیهقی ص 425).

منشین به بحر سفره ٔ شاهان که اندر او

گرداب شاه کاسه و طوفان لنگری

محسن تأثیر (از آنندراج)

-امثال 

وقتی که نیست کو اشتها وقتی که هست دو لنگری

//////////////////

دیس /dis/

(اسم) [مٲخوذ از فرانسوی: disque] بشقاب دراز و بزرگ

فرهنگ فارسی عمید

 

 این جهان بحر است و ما کشتی و عدلش لنگر است

چون بِشورد بَحر کشتی را سکون لنگر دهدِ

امیر معزی