[1] - قاتل
ابیه. [ت ِ ل ِ اَ ] (اِ مرکب ) نباتی است که مگس کشد و قابض است . بنگ . (ذخیره ٔ
خوارزمشاهی ). بنج . (ذخیره ٔ خوارزمشاهی و قرابادین ). نزد بعضی بیداسقان و نزد
جمعی قطلب است . معنی او به لغت پارسی چنان باشد که کشنده ٔ پدر خویش و او را
قرناروس هم گویند. اگر میوه ٔ او را مجاورت کرده شود درد سر آرد. و چنین گویند که
او را قاتل ابیه بدان سبب گویند که اجزاء او مر همدیگر را بخورد. و هر چه با او
آمیخته شود آن را هم بخورد. و بعضی گفته اند که قاتل ابیه کندس است . دیوجانس گوید
که درختی است که در او قوت قبض بلیغ است . (ترجمه ٔ صیدنه ٔ ابوریحان ). رجوع به حناء
احمر شود. قطلب . (داود انطاکی ج 1 ص 20). نوعی
از خصی الثعلب . خصی الکلب . (تحفه ٔ حکیم مؤمن ). و گفته شده که از آن جهت این
نام برآن نهاده اند که آن را دو ریشه است که یک سال یکی ازآن دو فربه گردد و دیگری
لاغر. و به سال دیگر بعکس آنکه فربه بود لاغر و آنکه لاغر بود فربه شود. (دزی )
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الموز
سمي بقاتل ابيه لأنه بعد نضج ثمره يجب أن تخلع شجرته لتنبت مكانها أو قريبا منها شجرة أخرى تعطي ثمارا جديدة.
سمي بقاتل ابيه لأنه بعد نضج ثمره يجب أن تخلع شجرته لتنبت مكانها أو قريبا منها شجرة أخرى تعطي ثمارا جديدة.
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قوماروس . (معرب ، اِ) معرب یونانی کمارس . بصل است و گفته اند که قاتل ابیه
است . || قطلب را نیز گویند. (فهرست مخزن الادویه ).
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قطلب . [
ق َ ل َ ] (ع اِ) درختی است که
در کوههای شام بسیار میروید. برگهائی باریک و نرم و سخت سرخ دارد و دانه های آن
چون انگور سبز است و هرگاه برسد چون یاقوت سرخ بود و بوی آن خوش است و طعم آن
شیرین و هرگاه جویده شود تفاله ٔ آن چون کاه گردد. یکی ِ آن قطلبة است . (اقرب
الموارد از ابن بیطار).
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منابع
·
مشارکت‌کنندگان
ویکی‌پدیا، «Arbutus»، ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، دانشنامهٔ آزاد (بازیابی در ۲۴ فوریه ۲۰۱۴).
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القَطْلَب[2] أو قاتل أبيه[3] هو جنس شجيري صغير دائم الخضرة ينتمي إلى الفصيلة الخلنجية (باللاتينية: Ericaceae).
موطن بعض أنواعه الأصلي حوض البحر الأبيض المتوسط وجنوب غرب آسيا وبعضها الآخر أمريكا الشمالية.
ثماره مأكولة ولكن الكميات الكبيرة منها
تسبب إزعاجات معوية.
من أنواعه[عدل]
مراجع[عدل]
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به عبری:
קְטָלָב (שם מדעי: Arbutus)
הוא סוג
צמחים ממשפחת האברשיים. קיימים בו
כ-20 מינים של עצים שרובם נפוצים באיים
הקנריים ובצפון אמריקהורק שני מינים הם ים-תיכוניים.
עצי הקטלב הם עצים ירוקי-עד,
והם מתאפיינים בגזע אדום-חום ובעלים מסורגים בצבע ירוק בוהק. פרחי הקטלב פורחים באביב, הם ערוכים במכבד ויש להם 5 עלי גביע,
5 עלי כותרת היוצרים צורת כד ו-10 אבקנים המזכירים צורת קרניים. פרי הקטלב מבשיל
בשלהי הקיץ, הוא מזכיר ענבים מרובי-זרעים.
יש בהם זרעים רבים והם ראויים
למאכל. רביית הצמח נעשית על ידי כך שבעלי-החיים הניזונים
מפירות הקטלב, מפיצים את זרעיו בצואתם.
המין הנפוץ ביותר
בארץ ישראל הוא הקטלב
המצוי. הוא נפוץ
במיוחד באזור ירושלים על קרקעות של קירטון וחוואר.
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به آذری چیه لِک:
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به ترکی آربوتوس:
Arbutus, fundagiller familyasından yaklaşık 14
kadar türü içinde barındıran bir bitki cinsi. Daha çok Kuzey Amerika, Avrupa ve Akdeniz'deki ılıman bölgelerde bu cinse
rastlanır. Türkiye'de ise iki
türü kocayemiş (Arbutus
unedo) ile Arbutus andrachne yetişmektedir.
İçindekiler
·
Arbutus unedo (Kocayemiş). Akdeniz Bölgesi'ne,
Batı Fransa ve Batı İrlanda ve Güney Portekiz'e kadar yayılmıştır.
·
Not: Güney Asya bitkisi olan ve Arbutus cins
ailesi ile bir yakınlığı bulunmayan ancak görünüş olarak ona benzeyen Çin kocayemişi
ya da Çin çilek ağacı Myrica rubra bu Arbutus türü
ile sıksık karıştırılır .
·
A. unedo ve A.
andrachne'ın doğal melez bir türü Arbutus
× andrachnoides (syn. A. × hybrida veya A.
andrachne × unedo) olarak adlandırılır.
·
Arbutus
menziesii Kuzey Amerika batı sahillerinden Britanya Kolumbiyası Kaliforniya,Sierra Nevada batı kesimi ve Pasifik Okyanusu kıyısı dağlarında
yetişir.
·
Arbutus 'Marina'
(Marina Çilek Ağacı), Arbutus unedo rubra alt türü ile
bir Arbutus türünün birleşimi ile oluşmuştur. Meyveleri pek
yenilmez, lezzetsizdir ancak sürekli çiçek açar ve yaprak boyu, yüzeyi
ile A. canariensis ve A. andrachne türlerini
andırır.
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Arbutus is a genus of
11 accepted species[2] of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae, native to warm temperate regions of
the Mediterranean, western
Europe, and North America. The name is borrowed from Latin,
where it referred to A. unedo.[3]
Contents
Arbutus are small trees or shrubs with red
flaking bark and edible red berries.[4] Fruit development is delayed for about five months after
pollination, so that flowers appear while the previous year's fruit are
ripening.[4]
Members of the genus
are called madrones or madronas in the United States, from the Spanish
name madroño(strawberry tree).
In Canada—in British Columbia, where the species is common—arbutus is commonly
used or, rarely and locally, "tick tree."[5][6] All refer to the same species, Arbutus menziesii, native to the Pacific
Northwest and Northern California regions. It is Canada's only native
broadleaved evergreen tree. Some species in the generaEpigaea, Arctostaphylos and Gaultheria were formerly classified
in Arbutus. As a result of its past classification,Epigaea repens (mayflower) has an
alternative common name of "trailing arbutus".
A study published in
2001 which analyzed ribosomal DNA from Arbutus and
related genera suggests that Arbutus isparaphyletic and the Mediterranean Basin species
of Arbutus are more closely related to Arctostaphylos, Arctous,Comarostaphylis, Ornithostaphylos and Xylococcus than
to the western North American species of Arbutus, and that the
split between the two groups of species occurred at the Paleogene/Neogene boundary.[7]
·
Arbutus arizonica (A.Gray) Sarg. –
Arizona Madrone (New Mexico, Arizona and western Mexico south to Jalisco)
·
Arbutus menziesii Pursh – Pacific
Madrone (West coast of North America from southern British Columbia to central California, on the west slopes of theSierra Nevada and Pacific Coast Range mountains)
·
Arbutus xalapensis Kunth (syn. A.
texana) – Texas Madrone (Texas, New Mexico and northeastern Mexico)[8]
·
Arbutus 'Marina' – Marina Strawberry Tree,
unknown parentage although Arbutus unedo variety rubra is
undoubtedly one of the parents. It is also likely that either or both of A.
canariensis and A. andrachne conferred not only
structural size but leaf size and smoothness of bark. The parent species likely
experienced different blooming times, as the hybrid blooms nearly continuously
and sets copious fruit.[citation needed]
Arbutus species are used as food plants by
some Lepidoptera species
including emperor moth, Pavonia pavonia.
The
bear and the tree at Puerta del Sol,
Madrid
Several species are
widely cultivated as ornamental plants outside of their
natural ranges, though cultivation is often difficult due to their intolerance
of root disturbance. The hybrid Arbutus 'Marina' is much more adaptable and
thrives under garden conditions.
The Arbutus
unedo tree makes up part of the coat of arms (El
oso y el madroño, The Bear and the Strawberry Tree) of the city of Madrid, Spain.
In the center of the city (Puerta del Sol) there is a statue of a bear eating
the fruit of the Madroño tree. The image appears on city crests, taxi cabs,
man-hole covers, and other city infrastructure. The fruit of the Madroño tree
ferments on the tree if left to ripen, so some of the bears become drunk from
eating the berries.[citation needed]
The Arbutus was
important to the Straits Salish people
of Vancouver Island, who used arbutus bark and leaves to create medicines for
colds, stomach problems, and tuberculosis, and as the basis for contraceptives.
The tree also figured into certain myths of the Straits Salish.[10]
The fruit is edible
but has minimal flavour and is not widely eaten. In Portugal, the fruit is
sometimes distilled (legally
or not) into a potent brandy known as medronho. In Madrid, the fruit is distilled into Madroño, a sweet, fruity
liqueur.
Arbutus is a great fuelwood tree since it burns
hot and long. Many Pacific Northwest states in the United
States use the wood of A. menziesii primarily as a heat
source,[citation needed] as the wood holds no value in the
production of homes since it doesn't grow in straight timbers.
My love's an arbutus is the title of a poem by the Irish
writer Alfred Perceval
Graves (1846-1931), set to music by his compatriot Charles Villiers
Stanford(1852-1924)
According to the
Straits Salish, an
anthropomorphic form of pitch would go fishing, but return to
shore before it got too hot. One day he was too late getting back to shore and
melted from the heat and several anthropomorphic trees rushed to get him - the
first was Douglas Fir, who
took most of the pitch, theGrand Fir received
a small portion, and the Madrone received none - which is why they say it still
has no pitch.
Also, according to
the Great Flood legends of several bands in
the northwest, the madrone helped people survive by providing an anchor on top
of a mountain. Because of this the Saanich people do not burn madrone out of
thanks for saving them.[11]
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This section contains a gallery of
images. Galleries
containing indiscriminate images of the article subject are discouraged;
please improve or remove the section accordingly, moving freely licensed
images to Wikimedia Commons if
not already hosted there.
|
Arbutus menziesii—full tree
Arbutus menziesii—flowers
Arbutus menziesii—bark
Arbutus unedo—Corsica
Arbutus unedo—leaves and fruit
Arbutus menziesii — trunk
Photographed in Los Altos, CA, Redwood Nature Preserve
1.
Jump up^ "Genus: Arbutus L.". Germplasm Resources Information
Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-06-04.
Retrieved 2012-04-17.
3.
Jump up^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC
World Dictionary of Plant Names. I: A-C. CRC Press.
p. 182. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
4.
^ Jump up to:a b Mabberley,
D.J. 1997. The plant book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plants.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
5.
Jump up^ Pojar, Jim; Andy MacKinnon (1994). Plants of
Coastal British Columbia. Vancouver: Lone Pine Publishing. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-55105-042-3.
6.
Jump up^ Francis, Daniel (2000). The Encyclopedia of
British Columbia (2nd ed.). Madeira Park, BC: Harbour Publishing.
p. 20. ISBN 978-1-55017-200-3.
7.
Jump up^ Hileman, Lena C.; Vasey, Michael C.; Parker, V.Thomas
(2001). "Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Arbutoideae (Ericaceae):
Implications for the Madrean-Tethyan Hypothesis". Systematic
Botany 26 (1): 131–143.JSTOR 2666660.
8.
^ Jump up to:a b c d "GRIN Species Records of Arbutus". Germplasm Resources
Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture.
Retrieved2012-04-17.
9.
Jump up^ Paul D. Sørensen 1987. Arbutus tessellata (Ericaceae),
new from Mexico Brittonia, 39(2):263-267.
11. Jump up^ Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon,
British Columbia & Alaska, Written by Paul Alaback, ISBN 978-1-55105-530-5
|
|
Wikisource has the text of the
1905 New
International Encyclopedia articleArbutus.
|
·
Hileman, Lena C., Vasey, Michael C., & Thomas Parker, V.
2001. Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Arbutoideae (Ericaceae): Implications
for the Madrean-Tethyan Hypothesis. Systematic Botany 26 (1):
131–143.
