سولان . [ س َ وَ ] (اِ) نوعی از دوایی و آنرا از جانب روم آورند
و لقوه را نافع باشد. (برهان ) (تحفه ٔ حکیم مؤمن ) (اختیارات بدیعی ). لکلرک گوید: نمیدانم چه ماده ای
است . (از حاشیه ٔبرهان قاطع چ معین ). نام دارویی
است که آنرا عصیر نرپرون* گویند. (ناظم الاطباء). || بام خانه .(برهان ) (ناظم الاطباء).
|| مطلق بلندیها.(برهان ). برآمدگی . بلندی . ارتفاع . (ناظم الاطباء). دهخدا
* یِمشان (سیاه درخت : ( درختچه ای از تیره عنّابهاست
، میوه این گیاه به بزرگی یک نخود و رنگ آن تیره است . از میوه آن شیره ای به نام
" نرپرون " – nerprun می گیرند که مُسهلی قوی است . (
فرهنگ معین ج 2).
سیاه درخت. [دَ / دِ رَ ] (اِ مرکب ) درختچه ای است از تیره ٔ عنابها که ویژه ٔ مرز فوقانی جنگل است . آنرا در
درفک ، سیاه درخت و در کلاردشت خرزال ، در پل زنگوله کلیک در زیارت اشنگور و در کتول
خوشه ٔ انگور میخوانند. (از جنگل شناسی
ساعی ج 2 ص 261). نارون (بیشتر نارون پیوند نشده را سیاه درخت نامند). (یادداشت
بخط مؤلف ). رجوع به فرهنگ فارسی معین
شود.
///////////
سیاه درخت درختی با شاخههای
پرخار، برگهای دندانهدار، گلهای کوچک زرد، میوۀ تیرهرنگ با سه یا چهار دانه که
طعم تلخ و بوی نامطبوع دارد و از آن شیرهای میگیرند که در طب به عنوان مسهل به
کار میرود؛ خوشهانگور؛ آشانگور؛ اشنگور؛ خرزل؛ کلیکک؛ شوکةالصباغین؛
شجرةالدکن؛ عوسج؛ ن [siyāhderaxt] درختی با شاخههای پرخار، برگهای دندانهدار، گلهای کوچک
زرد، میوۀ تیرهرنگ با سه یا چهار دانه که طعم تلخ و بوی نامطبوع دارد و از آن
شیرهای میگیرند که در طب به عنوان مسهل به کار میرود؛ خوشهانگور؛ آشانگور؛
اشنگور؛ خرزل؛ کلیکک؛ شوکةالصباغین؛ شجرةالدکن؛ عوسج؛ نرپرون. رپرن.
الجاره . [ اَ ل َ رَ / رِ ]
(اِ) یا خوشِه اَنگور گونه ایست از اَرجَنَک (درخت جنگلی ) که آن را در خلخال به همین
نام (الجاره )، در کتول ، خوشه انگور و آش انگور، در «زیارت گرگان »، اَشَنگور در کلارستاق
و لاهیجان و دیلمان خَرِزال ، در دیلمان وُشر، در درفک سیاه درخت ، و در کجور کُلی
کَک گویندو نام عربی این درخت را عَوسَج و شجرة الدکن و شوکةالصباعین گفته اند. (از
درختان جنگلی ثابتی ص 133). آش انگور.
خوشه انگور-شر-عوسج-شجره الدكن-خرزل-اشنگور-الجاره-كلي كك و ...
الجاره . [ اَ رَ / رِ ] (اِ)
گونه ایست از شونگ (درخت جنگلی ) که آنرا در ارسباران بنام مذکور(الجاره )، در خلخال
، دُقﱡزدانَه یا دُقﱡزدون و در گیلان : پلاخور نامند. رجوع به درختان جنگلی ثابتی ص
113 و جنگل شناسی ساعی ج 1 ص 265 و پلاخور و دقزدانه شود.
//////////////////
عوسج. نوعی از علیق الکلب است و نوعی از عوسج را مغیلان
خوانند و در بیابانها بود و طبیعت وی سرد بود در اول و گویند در دوم و خشک بود در سیم
و ورق وی بر نمله و جمره ضماد کردن نافع بود و شریف گوید عصاره ورق وی چون بیاشامند
جرب صفراوی و التهاب صفرا را نافع بود و چون بکوبند و آب او بگیرند و حنا بدان بسرشند
و در حمام بخود مالند جرب و حکه را زایل کند و ورق وی چون بخایند قلاع زایل کند و چون
با عصاره وی دود کنند گزندگان بگریزند و چون بکوبند و آب آن بگیرند و هفت روز پیاپی
در چشم کشند سفیدی زایل کند خواه کهن و خواه نو و ثمر عوسج چون بکوبند و آب آن بگیرند
و رها کنند تا خشک گردد و بعد از آن مقدار دانکی با سفیده تخممرغ بشیر زنان در گوش
چکانند بغایت نافع بود و فضلاتی که در چشم آید بواسطه قبضی که در وی هست بازگرداند
و مقدار مستعمل از وی یک مثقال بود و گویند مضر بود به سپرز و مصلح آن کثیر است و گویند
بدل آن بوزن آن اشنه و بوزن آن فوفل بود
صاحب مخزن الادویه مینویسد: عوسج
بفتح عین و سکون واو و فتح سین درختی است قریب بدرخت انار و پرخار و برگ آن تند مایل
بدرازی و با رطوبت چسبنده و ثمر آن بقدر نخودی سرخرنگ نوعی از آن را شیخ الرئیس نویسد
ثمری چون توت دارد و مردم آن را میخورند
ابو ریحان در صیدنه مینویسد:
که درخت آن را عرب شوکه گویند و چون تر بود ضریع و هنگامی که خشک شد عوسج نامند و چون
درخت او برگ شود غرقه گویند و درختی است پرخار و یک نوع را برگ سیاه و پهن بود و از
سیاهی سرخی زند او را پارسیان خفچه گویند
لاتینMESPILUS OXYACANTHA فرانسهAUBEPINE انگلیسیHAWTHORN
////////////////
عوسج . [ ع َ س َ ] (ع اِ) ج
ِ عوسجة. (منتهی الارب ) (از اقرب الموارد). رجوع به عوسجة شود. || نوعی از خاربن
. (ناظم الاطباء). خاردرخت . (فرهنگ فارسی معین ). || نوعی از علیق باشد، و آن درختی
است که برگ آن را بپزند و در خضاب به کار برند. (برهان قاطع) (آنندراج ). از درختان
خاردار است که آن را میوه ای قرمزرنگ است و غالباً در زمینهای غیرمعمور میروید. یک
دانه ٔ آن را «عوسجة» نامند. (از اقرب
الموارد). چون بزرگ و عظیم گردد غَرقَد خوانده میشود. (از منتهی الارب ) (از اقرب الموارد).
برگ آن عُرام نامیده میشود. (از منتهی الارب ). درختی است قریب به درخت انار و پرخار
و برگش تند و مایل به درازی و با رطوبت چسبنده و ثمرش بقدر نخودی و مایل بطول و سرخ
، و در درخت بسیار میماند و نمیریزد. و قسمتی از عوسج را برگ مایل بسرخی است و خار
او بیشتر و شاخه ها درازتر میباشد و ثمرش عریض و با غلاف . مجموع او در اول و دوم سرد
و در آخر دوم خشک . (از تحفه ٔ حکیم مؤمن ). اشنگور. عِض ّ. عُض ّ. قَصَد. رجوع به اشنگور و عض
و قصد شود. گویند عصای موسی علیه السلام از آن درخت بوده است . (از منتهی الارب : قصد)
: چون نزدیک رسید [ موسی ]آتشی دید بر سر درختی و ایدون گویند که آن درخت عوسج بود،
و عوسج داری بود با خار و خرد بود. (ترجمه ٔ طبری بلعمی ). || سیاه درخت ، که نوعی
درختچه است . (از فرهنگ فارسی معین ). رجوع به سیاه درخت شود. || دیوخار، که نوعی گیاه
است . (از فرهنگ فارسی معین ). رجوع به دیوخار شود. || ولیک ،که نوعی گیاه است . (از
فرهنگ فارسی معین ). رجوع به ولیک شود. || (اِخ ) نام مردی است . || نام اسب طفیل بن
شعیب است . (از منتهی الارب ). دهخدا
/////////////
خوشه انگور-شر-عوسج-شجره الدكن-خرزل-اشنگور-الجاره-كلي
كك و ...
مشخصات ظاهري:
آش انگور، درختچهاي است به ارتفاع
2 تا 3 متر كه به ندرت در شرايط مساعد به ارتفاع 6 تا 8 متر نيز ميرسد. شاخههاي فراوان
و متقابل آن، وضع بسيار نامنظم و كج و معوج، از بهترين وسيله تشخيص گياه به شمار ميآيد.
شاخههاي آش انگور خار دار است.
برگهاي آن متقابل، دندانهدار،
كرك، به طول 3 تا 6 سانتيمتر و حتي 13 سانتيمتر، به عرض 2 تا 5 سانتيمتر و داراي
3 تا 4 زوج رگبرگ كماني درا طراف رگبرگ مياني است. گلهايي كوچك به رنگ زرد مايل به
سبز، دوپايه، مجتمع به تعداد نسبتا زياد وبه حالت فشرده در كناره برگها دارد. ميوهي
آن به بزرگي يك نخود و به رنگ سياه، پس از رسيدن كامل است. در داخل ميوهي آن، درون
شيرهاي به رنگ قرمز مايل به سبز يا مايل به بنفش، 2 تا 4 دانه جاي دارد.
خواص: از شيره آش انگور بيشتر
در موارد: يبوست،( پرخوني)،زياد كردن ادرار، آب آوردن انساج و استفاده درماني به عمل
ميآيد.
محل رويش: جنگلهاي حسن بگلو آذربايجان-لاهيجان-خلخال-در
ارتفاعات 2400 متري كلاردشت مازندران- پل زنگوله و ...
////////////
سولان
شیخ الرئیس گوید که دوائی رومی
بود گرم و خشک است تا چهارم چون یک حبه از وی با آب سلق سعوط کنند لقوه را نافع بود.
______________________________
صاحب مخزن الادویه مینویسد: سولان
بفتح سین و سکون واو و فتح لام لغت یونانیست و آن بیخی است سرخرنگ کرم و از سقالبه
و روم خیزد.
////////////////
Rhamnus persicus [ 1 ] is a brakvedsväxtart which
was described by Pierre Edmond Boissier . Rhamnus
persicus included in the genus Rhamnus ,
and family Buckthorn . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] No
subspecies are listed in theCatalogue
of Life . [ 2 ]
Sources [ edit | edit source ]
- ^ Boiss.,
1843 In: Diagn. looks. 1, 2: 4
- ^ [ A b ] Roskov
Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N.,
Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., The Wever A., Didžiulis
V. (ed) (2014). "Species
2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist." . Species
2000: Reading, UK . Reading 26 May 2014 .
- ^ World Plants: Synonymic
Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World
//////////////
Juice of buckhorn
Hippophae, the sea buckthorns, are deciduous shrubs in the
family Elaeagnaceae. The name sea buckthorn may be hyphenated[1] to
avoid confusion with the buckthorns (Rhamnus, family Rhamnaceae).
It is also referred to assandthorn, sallowthorn,[2] or seaberry.[3]
Taxonomy[edit]
In ancient times, leaves and young branches from sea buckthorn were
supposedly fed as a remedy to horses to support weight gain and appearance of
the coat, thus leading to the name of the genus, Hippophae derived
fromhippo (horse), and phaos (shining).[4]
Distribution[edit]
Seven species are recognized, two of them probably of hybrid origin,[5] native
over a wide area of Europe and Asia.
Hippophae rhamnoides, the common sea buckthorn,
is by far the most widespread of the species in the genus, with the ranges of
its eight subspecies extending from the Atlantic coasts
of Europe across to northwestern Mongolia and northwestern China. In western
Europe, it is largely confined to sea coasts where salt spray off the sea
prevents other larger plants from outcompeting it, but in central Asia, it is
more widespread in dry semidesert sites where other plants cannot survive the
dry conditions. In central Europe and Asia, it also occurs as a subalpine shrub
abovetree
line in mountains, and other sunny areas such as river banks. They are
tolerant of salt in the air and soil, but demand full
sunlight for good growth and do not tolerate shady conditions near larger
trees. They typically grow in dry, sandy areas.
More than 90% or about 1,500,000 ha (5,800 sq mi) of the
world's natural sea buckthorn habitat is
found in China,Mongolia, Russia, northern
Europe and Canada where the plant is used for soil, water and
wildlife conservation, anti-desertification purposes
and for consumer products.[6]
Sea buckthorn hardiness
zones are approximately 3 through 7.[6]
Description[edit]
The shrubs reach 0.5–6 metres (1.6–19.7 ft) tall, rarely up to 10
metres (33 ft) in central Asia. The leaf arrangement can be alternate, or
opposite.[7]
Common sea buckthorn has branches that are dense and stiff, and very
thorny. The leaves are
a distinct pale silvery-green, lanceolate, 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in)
long and less than 7 millimetres (0.28 in) broad. It isdioecious,
with separate male and female plants. The male produces brownish flowers which
produce wind-distributed pollen. The female plants produce orange berries 6–9
millimetres (0.24–0.35 in) in diameter, soft, juicy and rich in oils. The
roots distribute rapidly and extensively, providing a non-leguminous nitrogen
fixation role in surrounding soils.
Hippophae salicifolia (willow-leaved sea buckthorn) is restricted
to the Himalayas,
to the south of the common sea buckthorn, growing at high altitudes in dry
valleys; it differs from H. rhamnoides in having broader (to
10 millimetres (0.39 in)) and greener (less silvery) leaves, and yellow
berries. A wild variant occurs in the same area, but at even higher altitudes
in the alpine zone.[citation needed] It is a
low shrub not growing taller than 1 metre (3.3 ft) with small leaves 1–3
centimetres (0.39–1.18 in) long.
Species[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve
this article by adding citations
to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and
removed. (June 2015)
|
- Hippophae goniocarpa
- Hippophae gyantsensis
- Hippophae litangensis
- Hippophae neurocarpa
- Hippophae rhamnoides – common sea
buckthorn
- Hippophae salicifolia
- Hippophae tibetana
A study of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequence
data[8] showed
that the genus can be divided into three monophyletic clades:
- H. tibetana
- H. rhamnoides with the
exception of H. rhamnoides ssp. gyantsensis (=H. gyantsensis)
- remaining species
A study using chloroplast sequences and morphology,[5] however,
recovered only two clades:
- H. tibetana, H. gyantsensis, H. salicifolia, H. neurocarpa
- H. rhamnoides
Natural history[edit]
The fruit is an important winter food resource for some birds,
notably fieldfares.[citation needed]
Leaves are eaten by the larva of the
coastal race of the ash pug moth and by larvae of other Lepidoptera including brown-tail, dun-bar, emperor
moth,mottled umber and Coleophora
elaeagnisella.
Uses[edit]
Fruit harvesting[edit]
Harvesting is difficult because of the dense thorn arrangement among the
berries on each branch. A common harvesting technique is to remove an entire
branch, though this is destructive to the shrub and reduces future harvests. A
branch removed in this way is then frozen, allowing the berries to be easily
shaken off.
Common sea buckthorn
The worker then crushes the berries to remove up to 95% of the leaves
and other debris.[clarification needed] This
causes the berries to melt slightly from the surface as the work takes place at
ambient temperature (about 20 °C). Berries or the crushed pulp are later
frozen for storage.
The most effective way to harvest berries and not damage branches is by
using a berry-shaker. Mechanical harvesting[clarification needed] leaves
up to 50% in the field and the berries can be harvested only once in two years.
They only get about 25% of the yield that could be harvested with this
relatively new machinery.[clarification needed]
During the Cold War, Russian and East German horticulturists
developed new varieties with greater nutritional value, larger berries,
different ripening months and a branch that is easier to harvest. Over the past
20 years, experimental crops have been grown in the United
States, one in Nevada and one in Arizona, and in
several provinces of Canada.[9]
Products[edit]
Sea buckthorn berries are edible and nutritious, though astringent, sour and oily,
unpleasant to eat raw,[10] unless
'bletted' (frosted to
reduce the astringency) and/or mixed as a drink with sweeter substances such
as apple or grape juice.
Additionally, malolactic fermentation of sea
buckthorn juice reduces sourness and thus in general enhances sensory
properties. Mechanism behind this change is transformation of malic acid into
lactic acid in microbial metabolism.[11]
When the berries are pressed, the resulting sea buckthorn juice
separates into three layers: on top is a thick, orange cream; in the middle, a
layer containing sea buckthorn's characteristic high content of saturated
and polyunsaturated fats; and the bottom layer
is sediment and
juice.[12][13] Containing
fat sources applicable for cosmetic purposes, the upper two layers can be
processed for skin creams and liniments,
whereas the bottom layer can be used for edible products like syrup.[12]
Besides juice, sea buckthorn fruit can be used to make pies, jams, lotions, teas, fruit wines and liquors. The juice
or pulp has other potential applications in foods, beverages or cosmetics
products. Fruit drinks were among the earliest sea buckthorn products developed
in China.
Sea buckthorn-based juice is popular in Germany and
Scandinavian countries. It provides a nutritious beverage, rich in vitamin C and carotenoids.[citation needed]
For its troops confronting extremely low temperatures (see Siachen),
India's Defence Research Development
Organization established a factory in Leh to manufacture
a multi-vitamin herbal beverage based on sea buckthorn juice.[14]
The seed and pulp oils have nutritional properties that vary under
different processing methods.[15] Sea
buckthorn oils are used as a source for ingredients in several
commercially available cosmetic products and nutritional supplements.
Landscape uses[edit]
Sea buckthorn is a popular garden and landscaping shrub
with an aggressive basal shoot system used for barrier hedges and
windbreaks, and to stabilize riverbanks and steep slopes. They have value in
northern climates for their landscape qualities, as the colorful berry clusters
are retained through winter.[16]Branches
may be used by florists for designing ornaments.
In northwestern China, sea buckthorn shrubs have been planted on the
bottoms of dry riverbeds to increase water retention of the soil and thus
decrease sediment loss. Because of increased moisture conservation of the soil
and nitrogen-fixing capabilities of sea buckthorn, vegetation levels have
increased in areas where sea buckthorn have been planted.[17][18] Sea
buckthorn was once distributed free of charge to Canadian prairie farmers
by PFRA to be used inshelterbelts.[19]
Chemical composition[edit]
Fruit[edit]
Sea buckthorn fruit consists of sugars, sugar alcohols, fruit acids,
vitamins (C, E and K), phenolic compounds, carotenoids, fiber, amino acids,
minerals and plant sterols. The fruit contains many of these in high amounts,
and is thus considered highly nutritious.[20] Species
belonging to genus Hippophaeaccumulate oil both in soft parts and
in seed of the fruit. Oil content in soft parts is 1.5–3 % while in seed
this is 11% of the fresh weight. For the compositions of sea buckthorn oils,
see article: sea buckthorn oil.
Major sugars in sea buckthorn fruits are fructose and glucose, with
total sugar content of 2.7-5.3 g/100 ml of juice.[21] Typical
sourness of the fruits is due to high content of malic acid (0.8-3.2
g/100 ml of juice) while astringency is related to quinic
acid (1.2-2.1 g/100 ml of juice).[21] Major
sugar alcohol in fruit is L-quebrachitol (0.15-0.24 g/100 ml of juice).[21]
The fruit of the plant has a high vitamin C content
– in a range of 114 to 1550 mg per 100 grams[13] with
an average content (695 mg per 100 grams), placing sea buckthorn
fruit among the most enriched plant sources of vitamin
C. Additionally, fruits have high concentrations of carotenoids,[22] vitamin E[23]and vitamin K.[24] The
main carotenoids are beta-carotene, zeaxanthin and lycopene[22] while alpha-tocopherol is
the major vitamin E compound.[23]
The most prevalent dietary
minerals in sea buckthorn fruits (in relation to recommended daily intake) are potassium
(300–380 mg/100 g), manganese (0.28–0.32 mg/100 g) and copper
(0.1 mg/100 g).[25]
The fruit is also rich in plant sterols (340–520 mg/kg), β-sitosterol being
the major sterol compound as it constitutes 57–83 % of total sterols.[26]
Flavonols were
found to be the predominating class of phenolic compounds while phenolic
acids and flavan-3-ols (catechins) represent minor
components.[27]
Potential health effects[edit]
Traditional medicine[edit]
Different parts of sea buckthorn have been used as traditional therapies
for diseases.[28] Bark
and leaves have been used for treating diarrhea and
dermatological disorders. Berry oil, either taken orally or applied topically,
is believed to be a skin softener. In Indian, Chinese and Tibetan medicines,
sea buckthorn fruit may be added to medications in belief it affects pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiac, blood
or metabolic disorders.[28]
Research[edit]
Impact of sea buckthorn berries on the risk of cardiovascular disease is currently
under preliminary research, involving studies with fresh and dried berries,
extracts and oil from whole berry, pulp or seeds.[29]
Organizations[edit]
In 2005, the "EAN-Seabuck" network between European
Union states, China, Russia and New Independent States was funded by
the European Commission to promote sustainable
crop and consumer product development. In Mongolia, there is an active National
Association of Seabuckthorn Cultivators and Producers.
The International Seabuckthorn Association, formerly the International
Center for Research and Training on Seabuckthorn (ICRTS), was formed jointly in
1988 by the China Research and Training Center on Seabuckthorn, the
Seabuckthorn Office of the Yellow River Water Commission, and the Shaanxi
Seabuckthorn Development Office. From 1995 to 2000, ICRTS published the
research journal, Hippophae, which appears to be no longer active.
See also[edit]
- Sea buckthorn oil
- Wolfberry,
a native Asian plant occasionally mistaken for sea buckthorn
References[edit]
- Jump up^ "Sea buckthorn".
The Wildlife Trusts. Archived from the original on
2013-07-23. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
- Jump up^ "USDA
GRIN Taxonomy".
- Jump up^ "PLANTS
Profile for Hippophae rhamnoides (seaberry)". United
States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
- Jump up^ Singh,
Virendra (2005). "Seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.) in traditional
medicines". Seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.): A Multipurpose
Wonder Plant, Vol. II. New Delhi, India: Daya Publishing House.
pp. 505–521. ISBN 81-7035-415-3.
- ^ Jump
up to:a b Bartish,
Igor V.; Jeppsson, Niklas; Nybom, Hilde; Swenson, Ulf (2002).
"Phylogeny of Hippophae (Elaeagnaceae) inferred from
parsimony analysis of chloroplast DNA and
morphology". Systematic Botany 27 (1): 41–54.doi:10.1043/0363-6445-27.1.41
(inactive 2015-01-13). JSTOR 3093894.
- ^ Jump up
to:a b Li
TSC (2002). Janick J, Whipkey A, ed. Product
development of sea buckthorn (PDF). Trends in new crops and
new uses (ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA). pp. 393–8.
Retrieved 16 May 2014.
- Jump up^ Swenson,
Ulf; Bartish, Igor V. (2002). "Taxonomic synopsis
of Hippophae(Elaeagnaceae)". Nordic Journal of
Botany 22 (3): 369–374.doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2002.tb01386.x.
- Jump up^ Sun, K.; Chen,
X.; Ma, R.; Li, C.; Wang, Q.; Ge, S. (2002). "Molecular
phylogenetics of Hippophae L. (Elaeagnaceae) based on the internal
transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nrDNA". Plant Systematics
and Evolution 235: 121–134. doi:10.1007/s00606-002-0206-0.
- Jump up^ Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration Center,
Sea-buckthorn: A promising multi-purpose crop for Saskatchewan, January
2008[dead link]
- Jump up^ Tiitinen,
Katja M.; Hakala, Mari A.; Kallio, Heikki P. (March 2005). "Quality components of
sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) varieties". Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53 (5): 1692–1699. doi:10.1021/jf0484125.ISSN 0021-8561.
Retrieved 2015-05-27.
- Jump up^ Tiitinen,
Katja M.; Vahvaselkä, Marjatta; Hakala, Mari; Laakso, Simo; Kallio,
Heikki (December 2005). "Malolactic
fermentation in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) juice
processing". European Food Research and Technology222 (5-6):
686–691. doi:10.1007/s00217-005-0163-2. ISSN 1438-2377.
Retrieved 2015-05-27.
- ^ Jump
up to:a b Seglina
D. et al. The effect of processing on the composition of sea buckthorn
juice, J Fruit Ornamental Plant Res 14 (Suppl 2):257-63,
2006
- ^ Jump up
to:a b Zeb,
A (2004). "Chemical
and nutritional constituents of sea buckthorn juice" (PDF). Pakistan
J Nutr 3 (2): 99–106.
- Jump up^ "Leh
berries to dot Himalayan deserts by 2020". Retrieved 15
Aug 2012.
- Jump up^ Cenkowski S;
et al. (2006). "Quality
of extracted sea buckthorn seed and pulp oil" (PDF). Can
Biosystems Engin 48 (3): 9–16.
- Jump up^ Kam, B.; N.
Bryan (2003). The Prairie Winterscape: Creative Gardening for the
Forgotten Season. Fifth House Ltd. pp. 108–10. ISBN 1-894856-08-2.
- Jump up^ Zhang, Kang;
Xu, Mengzhen; Wang, Zhaoyin (2009). "Study
on reforestation with seabuckthorn in the Pisha Sandstone area". Journal
of Hydro-environment Research 3 (2): 77–84. doi:10.1016/j.jher.2009.06.001.ISSN 1570-6443.
Retrieved 2015-06-11.
- Jump up^ Yang,
Fang-She; Bi, Ci-Fen; Cao, Ming-Ming; Li, Huai-En; Wang, Xin-Hong; Wu,
Wei (2014). "Simulation
of sediment retention effects of the double seabuckthorn plant flexible
dams in the Pisha Sandstone area of China".Ecological
Engineering 71: 21–31. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.07.050.ISSN 0925-8574.
Retrieved 2015-06-11.
- Jump up^ "Prairie
Shelterbelt Program:Application for Trees" (PDF).
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 2008.
- Jump up^ Bal, Lalit
M.; Meda, Venkatesh; Naik, S. N.; Satya, Santosh (2011). "Sea
buckthorn berries: a potential source of valuable nutrients for
nutraceuticals and cosmoceuticals". Food Research
International. Exotic Fruits: their Composition, Nutraceutical and
Agroindustrial Potential 44 (7): 1718–1727.doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.002. ISSN 0963-9969. Retrieved2015-06-02.
- ^ Jump
up to:a b c Zheng,
Jie; Yang, Baoru; Trépanier, Martin; Kallio, Heikki (2012)."Effects of genotype,
latitude, and weather conditions on the composition of sugars, sugar
alcohols, fruit acids, and ascorbic acid in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë
rhamnoides ssp. mongolica) berry juice". Journal
of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60 (12):
3180–3189. doi:10.1021/jf204577g.ISSN 0021-8561.
Retrieved 2015-06-10.
- ^ Jump
up to:a b Andersson,
Staffan C.; Olsson, Marie E.; Johansson, Eva; Rumpunen, Kimmo
(2009). "Carotenoids
in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries during ripening
and use of pheophytin a as a maturity marker".Journal
of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57 (1): 250–258.doi:10.1021/jf802599f. ISSN 0021-8561.
Retrieved 2015-06-01.
- ^ Jump
up to:a b Kallio,
Heikki; Yang, Baoru; Peippo, Pekka; Tahvonen, Raija; Pan, Ruilin
(2002). "Triacylglycerols,
glycerophospholipids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols in berries and seeds
of two subspecies (ssp. sinensis and mongolica) of sea
buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides)". Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 50 (10): 3004–3009. doi:10.1021/jf011556o. ISSN 0021-8561.
Retrieved 2015-06-10.
- Jump up^ Gutzeit, D.;
Baleanu, G.; Winterhalter, P.; Jerz, G. (March 2007)."Determination
of processing effects and of storage stability on vitamin K1
(phylloquinone) in sea buckthorn berries (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.
ssp.rhamnoides) and related products". Journal of Food
Science 72 (9): –491–C497. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00567.x. ISSN 1750-3841.
Retrieved 2015-06-01.
- Jump up^ Gutzeit, D.;
Winterhalter, P.; Jerz, G. (2008). "Nutritional
assessment of processing effects on major and trace element content in
sea buckthorn juice (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.
ssp. rhamnoides)". Journal of Food Science 73(6):
–97–H102. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00817.x. ISSN 1750-3841.
Retrieved 2015-06-01.
- Jump up^ Yang, Baoru;
Karlsson, Riina M.; Oksman, Pentti H.; Kallio, Heikki P. (March
2001). "Phytosterols
in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) berries: identification
and effects of different origins and harvesting times". Journal
of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49 (11): 5620–5629.doi:10.1021/jf010813m. ISSN 0021-8561.
Retrieved 2015-06-10.
- Jump up^ Rösch,
Daniel; Bergmann, Meike; Knorr, Dietrich; Kroh, Lothar W. (2003).
"Structure−antioxidant efficiency relationships of phenolic
compounds and their contribution to the antioxidant activity of sea
buckthorn juice". Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry 51 (15): 4233–9. doi:10.1021/jf0300339.PMID 12848490.
- ^ Jump
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Alam (2004). "Important
therapeutic uses of sea buckthorn (Hippophae): a review" (PDF). Journal
of Biological Sciences 4 (5): 687–693. ISSN 1727-3048.
- Jump
up^ Sayegh, Marietta; Miglio, Cristiana; Ray, Sumantra (2014). "Potential
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Retrieved 2015-06-12.
Further reading[edit]
External identifiers for Hippophae
|
|
Also found in: Wikispecies
|
- Beveridge, Thomas H. J.; Li, Thomas S. C.
(2003). Sea
buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) production and utilization.
Ottawa: NRC Research Press. ISBN 0-660-19007-9.
- Li
TSC, Oliver A. Sea buckthorn factsheet, British Columbia Ministry of
Agriculture, Food and Fisheries, May 2001
- Todd,
J. Introduction to sea-buckthorn, Ontario Ministry of Food, Agriculture
and Rural Affairs, February, 2006
//////////////
به عبری:
היפופיאה (שם מדעי: Hippophae),
המכונה גם אובליפיחה (מרוסית: Облепиха),
הוא סוג של שיח נשיר קוצני בעל גרגירים שמנוניים גדולים בצבע כתום-צהוב מבריק, השייך למשפחת היצהרוניים (Elaeagnaceae).
////////////////////
به آذری شیتیکانی؟:
//////////////////////
به ترکی یالانچی:
Yalancı
iğde, Çıçırgan ya da Yer İğdesi (Lat. Hippophae
rhamnoides) İğdegiller ailesindendir.
10 m. yüksekliğinde, dikenli bir ağaçtır.
Genç dalları gümüş gibi parlak olur; daha sonra pas tutmuş gibi rengi solar;
ucu 7 cm. dikendir. Yaprakları boğumlu, üstü koyu yeşil-gri, altı sarımsı veya
beyaz, gümüş gibi parlaktır.Çiçekleri çift
eşeylidir. Küçük çekirdekli yemişinin rengi kırmızı veya sarımsı, tadı ekşidir.
Yemişi şıralı, yumuşak ve çabuk ezilir. Dağlık bölgelerde, göl ve akarsuların
kıyılarında, kumlu ve taşlı bölgelerde yetişir. Hammadde olarak pişmiş yemişi
toplanır. Yemişi hava soğuyunca (-15C°) çırpılarak toplanır.
Bitkinin
Latince adı, Hippo (at) ve Phaos (parlamak) kelimelerinin birleşmesiyle
oluşturulmuştur çünkü antik kaynaklara göre meyveleri ve narin dalları atların
yemlerine karıştırıldığında atları güçlendirmekte ve postlarını parlak hale
getirmektedir.[1]
Günümüzde Kuzey
Avrupa ve ABD'de alternatif bir tarım ürünü olarak incelenen bitki, Çin Halk
Cumhuriyetinde büyük miktarlarda üretilmektedir.