سنجسفویه. سنگسبوه (م) عين السراطين* . صورتي که از اين کلمه
در منابع آمده سنگسبويه ٬ سنجسبويه و سنجسفويه ( الابنيه ) است. صورت متن در جاي ديگري نيامده
است.
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*اصل: عين الراطين. تصحيح بر اساس برهان قاطع است.
واژگان
فارسي کفايه ي الطب تفليسي
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اعین الراطین . [ اَ ی َ ] (ع اِ مرکب ) اثلق است
و سنکسبویه را نیز نامند. (فهرست مخزن الادویه ). سکسبنوین . سَنجسَبوَه . سنگ سیویه
.اطباع الکلبة. سپستان . (ترجمه ٔ ابن البیطار ص 96).
دهخدا
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سنگسبویه
. [ س َ گ ِ ی َ / ی ِ ] (اِ مرکب ) نام گیاهی است که آنرا پنج انگشت گویند و به عربی
ذوخمسة اصابع و ذوخمسة اوراق و عین السراطین خوانند و تخم آنرا حب الفقد گویند و معرب
آن سنجسبویه است . (برهان ) (آنندراج ). دانه ای است درازتر از دانه ٔ انگور و بغایت صلب شبیه بسنگ
و گویند از فارس خیزد و در تذکره ٔ عبدوس دانه ٔ سپستان است . و در بعضی کتب شفاء الاسقام
اثلق تصریح شده . (از تحفه ٔ حکیم مؤمن ). رجوع به سنجسبویه ، سنکسبویه و سکسنبویه شود.
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اثلق. رثد است و سپستان و سرساد و اعین السراطین و سنکسبویه
و سنجسویه و اغیس و حب الفقد و طاهره و قنطافلون و ذو خمسه اوراق این جمله فنجنجشت
و پنجنکشت نیز گویند بپارسی فلفلی بری خوانند و بشیرازی تخم دلاشوب گویند و در کنار
سیلها روید و تخم آن گرم و خشک است در درجه سیم و چوب وی باید که استعمال نکنند و منفعت
وی در باب ذال در ذو خمسه اوراق گفته شود
صاحب
مخزن الادویه می‌نویسد: اثلق به فتح همزه اسم عربی فنجنکشت است و ذو خمسه اجنجه نیز
نامند و بیونانی اغنیس یعنی طاهر و پاک بجهت آنکه زهاد در هنگام ربیع و در اعیاد فرش
می‌نمایند در معابد خود بجهت آنکه گمان برده‌اند مضعف باه و شکننده شهوت است و بفارسی
پنجنکشت و بهندی سنبهالو و بفرنگی اسکی‌نان‌تو و به لاتینی ویطس و ثمر آن را بعربی
حب الفقد و حب النسل نامند Cinquefoil
اختیارات
بدیعی، ص: 21
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به
ترکی آذری قایتارما:
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Potentilla /ˌpoʊtənˈtɪlə/[1] is
a genus containing
over 300[2] species of annual, biennial and perennial herbaceousflowering
plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. They
are usually called cinquefoils in English. Potentilla are
generally only found throughout the northern continents of the world (holarctic),
though some may even be found inmontane biomes of the New Guinea Highlands. Several other
"cinquefoils" formerly included here are now separated in distinct
genera.
Some species are called tormentils,
though this is often used specifically for common
tormentil (P. erecta). Others are referred to as "barren
strawberries", which may also refer to P. sterilis in particular, or to the
closely related but not congeneric Waldsteinia fragarioides.
Contents
[show]
Description[edit]
Potentilla diversifoliaat 1,636 metres
(5,367 ft) in Olympic National Park
Typical cinquefoils look most similar
to strawberries,
but differ in usually having dry, inedible fruit (hence the name "barren
strawberry" for some species). Many cinquefoil species have palmate
leaves. Some species have just three leaflets, while others have 15 or more
leaflets arranged pinnately. The flowers are usually yellow, but may be white,
pinkish or red. The accessory fruits are usually dry but may be
fleshy and strawberry-like, while the actual seeds – each one technically
a single fruit – are tiny nuts.
Taxonomy[edit]
European cinquefoil (P. reptans),
the type species of Potentilla, was
described by Linnaeus in 1753.
Analysis of internal transcribed spacer DNA
sequence data has yielded valuable information on cinquefoil
relationships, supporting previous hypotheses about their relationships, but
also resulting in a number of changes to the circumscription of Potentilla.[3]
Among the Rosaceae, the
typical cinquefoils are close relatives of such plants as the avens (genus Geum)
and theroses (genus Rosa),
and even closer relatives of the agrimonies (Agrimonia).
Yet more closely related to Potentillaare the lady's mantles (Alchemilla)
and the strawberries (Fragaria).
Genus Dryas is not as closely related as long
believed.
The genera Horkelia (horkelias)
and Ivesia (mousetails)
are sometimes included in Potentilla today. The
mock-strawberries of Duchesnea have been included. Conversely,
the shrubby plants
previously included in this genus are well distinct and now separated in the
genus Dasiphora, while some distinctive and apparentlyprotocarnivorous[4] herbaceous
cinquefoils are placed in Drymocallis.
The marsh cinquefoil is now in the genusComarum, and
the three-toothed cinquefoil makes up the monotypic
genus Sibbaldiopsis. As already proposed byJohn Hill in the 18th century, the silverweeds of
genus Argentina may be distinct, but as the immediate sister
genusof Potentilla, its boundary is still unclear.
Subdivision[edit]
Estimates of the number of valid species in
this large genus depend on the circumscription used, and they recently vary
from "over 300"[2] to
400[5] to
500[6][7][8] to
"several hundred".[9]
Formerly included in Potentilla[edit]
Etymology[edit]
"Cinquefoil" in the Middle
English Dictionary is described as "Pentafilon – from
Greek Pentaphyllon – influenced by foil, a leaf. The European cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans),
often used medicinally."[10] The
word is derived from Old French cinc, Middle English cink and
ultimately Latin quinque – all meaning
"five" –, and feuille and foil/foille which
mean "leaf". Formerly this term referred to five-leaved plants in
general. In medieval times, the word "cinquefoil"
was used almost exclusively in England. In France, the genus was called quintefeuille,
first attested in Normandy and Brittany in the 11th century.
The scientific name seems to have been
influenced by a fusion of ancient names for these plants. Common
tormentil, P. erecta, was known as tormentilla in medieval
Latin, derived from early Spanish – literally "a little torment",
meaning pain that, while not debilitating, is unpleasant and persistent (such
as a stomach ache, against which P. erecta was used). The
change from initial "t" to "p" seems to have been
influenced by terms such aspoterium – Latin for the related burnets (genus Sanguisorba) –
or propedila and similar words used for the European
cinquefoil (P. reptans) in the now-extinct Dacian
language, as attested in Latin herbals.[citation needed]
In another medieval dictionary the French
word potentille is defined as a "wild Tansie, a silver
weed",[11] a
reference to the tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) and similar taxa of the
genus Tanacetum. The related adjective potentiel/potentiells means
"strong", "forcible", or "powerful in operation".
Its origin is the Frenchpotence ("strong",
"powerful", "mighty", or "potent"). The origin of
these words is the Latin potens, with the same meaning.
Distribution and habitat[edit]
Cinquefoils grow wild in most cool and cold
regions of the world. Most species are herbaceous perennials but a few are
erect or creeping shrubs. Some are troublesome weeds. Other types are
grown in gardens.
Ecology[edit]
Cinquefoils are a prominent part of
many ecosystems.
In the United Kingdom alone, common tormentil (P. erecta) together
with purple moor grass (Molinia caerulea)
defines many grassy mires, and grows abundantly in the typical deciduous forest with downy
birch (Betula pubescens), common
wood sorrel(Oxalis acetosella), and sessile
oak (Quercus petraea). In upland pastures on calcareous soil
it typically accompanies common bent (Agrostis capillaris),sheep's
fescue (Festuca ovina), and wild
thyme (Thymus praecox). It is most commonly seen in regions
dominated by common heather (Calluna vulgaris), including
common lowland heaths with bell
heather (Erica cinerea), maritime heaths with spring squill (Scilla
verna), submontane heaths dominated by red peat moss (Sphagnum
capillifolium) and common bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus),
and the mountain heathlands of Scotland with alpine juniper (Juniperus communis ssp. alpina).
The leaves of cinquefoils are eaten by
the caterpillars of many Lepidoptera,
notably the grizzled skippers (genus Pyrgus),
butterflies of the skipper family. Adult butterflies and moths
visit cinquefoil flowers; for example, the endangered Karner
blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) takes nectar fromcommon cinquefoil (P.
simplex). The Polish cochineal (Porphyrophora polonica),
a scale
insect once used to produce red dye, lives on
cinquefoils and other plants in Eurasia. Some, but not all, cinquefoils
are insect-pollinated,
producing nectar that lures bees, hoverflies, muscid flies,
butterflies, true bugs, andants.[2]
Uses[edit]
Horticulture[edit]
Sulphur
cinquefoil (P. recta) growing in a garden
Some cinquefoils are grown as ornamental
plants. These are generally high species with bright, showy flowers, such
as ruby cinquefoil (P.
atrosanguinea), Nepal cinquefoil (P. nepalensis),
and sulphur cinquefoil (P. recta).Horticultural hybrids such
as Hopwood's cinquefoil (Potentilla × hopwoodiana)
and tongue cinquefoil (Potentilla ×tonguei)
have been bred, and there exists a range of cultivars.
Some double-flowered cinquefoils have been bred,
starting with Victor Lemoine's 'Gloire de Nancy' in 1854. Other
taxa and varieties are useful for more specialized gardening purposes, such
as rock
gardens or swamps. Among the former is the hardy spring cinquefoil (P. neumanniana),
the floral emblem of Cromartyshire.
Health[edit]
Some species are used in herbalism. Common
tormentil (P. erecta), for example, has been used as an herbal
remedy for inflammation and gastrointestinal
disorders.[12] Research
continues to determine its safety and usefulness as an alternative medicine for such disorders
as ulcerative colitis.[13] Potentilla discolor[14] and P. multifida[15] are Chinese medicinal herbs used to
treat diabetes.
Culture[edit]
In heraldry,
the cinquefoil emblem or potentilla signified
strength, power, honor, and loyalty. Depiction of the five-petalled flower
appears as early as 1033, in the architecture of the church built in the
village of Reulle-Vergy in Burgundy, France, two years before the
reign of William the Conqueror. The cinquefoil emblem
was used generously in the architecture of numerous churches built in Normandy
and Brittany through the 15th century.
From the 11th to 14th century, the
word potence, related to potentilla, was used mainly in
a military context and to describe the condition of the soul.
At the time of William the Conqueror, the potentilla was used as the device
of Bardolph of Brittany,
who at the time of the Norman conquest of England in 1066–1067
was the master of William's military
engineer corps.
References[edit]
- Jump up^ Sunset
Western Garden Book. 1995. 606–07.
- ^ Jump up
to:a b c Guillén,
A., et al. (2005). Reproductive
biology of the Iberian species ofPotentilla L. (Rosaceae). Anales
del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 1(62) 9–21.
- Jump up^ Eriksson, T.,
et al. (2003). The
phylogeny of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) based on sequences of the internal
transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the TRNL/F region
of chloroplast DNA. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164(2)
197–211. doi:10.1086/346163
- Jump up^ Spoomer, G. G.
(1999). Evidence
of protocarnivorous capabilities inGeranium viscosissimum and Potentilla
arguta and other sticky plants.International Journal of
Plant Sciences 160(1) 98–101. doi:10.1086/314109
- Jump
up^ Potentilla. The
Jepson eFlora 2013.
- Jump
up^ Potentilla. Flora
of China.
- Jump
up^ Eriksen, B. and M. H. Töpel. (2006). Molecular
phylogeography and hybridization in members of the circumpolar Potentilla sect. Niveae(Rosaceae). American
Journal of Botany 93(3), 460–469.
- Jump up^ Castagnaro, A.,
et al. (1998). A
new southern hemisphere species ofPotentilla (Rosaceae). Novon 8(4),
333–336.
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