سرنجی
بفتح سین و ضم را و سکون نون و کسر جیم فارسی و یا لغت هندیست
ماهیت آن
نباتیست هندی تا بیک ذرع و نیم و ساق آن کره دار و بر سر کره ها
شاخها و برکهای سفید و کل ریزه و در بین برکها تخمهای ریزه و سفید اندک پهن و برک نبات
آن شبیه ببرک خرفۀ بزرک و از ان نازکتر و بی طعمی غالب
طبیعت آن
مائل بحرارت و رطوبت
افعال و خواص آن
خوردن برک مطبوخ آن جهت وجع ظهر و مفاصل و سائر اعضا و بیخ آن با
دارفلفل سوده جهت حمیات مرکبه نافع و ضماد برک و نبات آن با کات هندی و اندکی زنجبیل
تر جهت التیام زخمهای عسره الاندمال نافع و داخس را نیز مفید
مخزن الادویه عقیلی خراسانی
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توت هندی، نونی یا توت ساحلی (نام هندی
گجراتی سُرَنجی[۱]: Sorangi[۲])
(نام علمی: Morinda citrifolia) نام یک گونه از تیره روناسیان است. توت هندی در منطقه آسیای جنوب
شرقی و استرالزی رشد می‌کند. این میوه گرمسیری در سال ۱۷۵۳ میلادی توصیف علمی شد. توت
هندی گیاهی رنگزا می‌باشد.
منابع[ویرایش]
پرش به بالا ↑ عقیلی خراسانی. مخزن الادویه.
مرکز تحقیقات رایانه ای قائمیه اصفهان.
پرش به بالا ↑ George Clifford Whitworth، George Clifford. An
Anglo-Indian Dictionary: A Glossary of Indian Terms Used in English, and of
Such English or Other Non-Indian Terms as Have Obtained Special Meanings in
India. Nabu Press (April 1 2012)، 2012. 299. شابک ISBN-۱۰: ۱۲۴۸۹۲۵۶۰۲.
مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا، «Morinda citrifolia»، ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی،
دانشنامه آزاد (بازیابی در ۱۶ دسامبر ۲۰۱۴).
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به دیوهی (مالدیوی):
އަހިވައް
ވިކިޕީޑިއާ އިންވިކިޕީޑިއާ
އަހިވަކުގެ ޢިލްމީ ނަމަކީ މޮރިންޑާ ސިޓްރިފޯލިއާ އެވެ. އަހިވަކަށް ކިޔާ ނަންތަކުގެ ތެރޭގައި 'ގްރޭޓް މޮރިންޑާ'، 'އިންޑިއަން މަލްބެރީ'، އަދި 'ބީޗް މަލްބެރީ' ފަދަ ނަންތައް ހިމެނެއެވެ. ހިންދީ ބަހުން އަހިވަކަށް ކިޔަނީ 'އާޗް' އެވެ. މެލޭޝިޔާ ބަހުން ކިޔަނީ 'މެންގުކުޑޫ' އެވެ. އަދި ހަވާއީ ބަހުން ކިޔަނީ 'ނޮނީ' އެވެ. ޢާންމު ގޮތެއްގައި އަހިވައް ހެދެނީ ދެކުނު އޭޝިޔާގެ ގައުމުތަކުގައި ކަމަށް ވިޔަސް މިއަދު ފްރެންޗް ޕޮލީނީޝިއާ ގެ ރަށްތަކާއި ވެސްޓް އިންޑީޒް ގައި ވެސް އަހިވައް ހައްދައެވެ.
އަހިވައް އަކީ ދުނިޔޭގެ ވަރަށް ގިނަ ގައުމު ތަކުގައި ހެދޭ ކާއެއްޗެކެވެ. ބައެއް ގައުމު ތަކުގައި މޭވާއެއްގެ ގޮތުގައި ބެލެވިފައިވާ އެއްޗެއް ވެސް މެއެވެ. އަހިވައް ހެދެނީ ބޯ ޖަންގަލި ތަކުގައިކަން ފާހަގަ ކުރެވެއެވެ. ހަމަމިހެން އައްސޭރި ފަށުގެ ހިސާބު ތަކާއި ހޫނު ގައުމުތަކުގައި ވެސް އަހިވައް ހެދޭކަން ފާހަގަ ކުރެވެއެވެ.
އަހިވަށް ގަސް ހެދިބޮޑުވެ މޭވާ އެޅުމަށް ނަގަނީ 18 މަސް ދުވަހެވެ. މަހެއްގެ ތެރޭގައި 8-4 ކިލޯގެ އަހިވައް ދޮންވެ ފައްކާވެއެވެ. 9 މީޓަރުގެ އުސްމިނަށް ވެސް އަހިވައް ގަސް ހެދޭކަން ފާހަގަކުރެވެއެވެ. އަހިވައް ގަހުގެ ފަތަކީ ގަދަ ފެހި ކުލައަށް ހުންނަ ފަތެކެވެ. ފަތުގައި ހުންނަ ނާރުތައް ވަރަށް ރީތިކޮށް އެގެން ހުރެއެވެ.
މުޅި އަހަރުގެ ތެރޭގައި މޭވާ އަޅާކަމަށް ފާހަގަ ކުރެވޭ އަހިވައް ގަހުގެ މާ ހުންނަނީ ކުދިކުދިކޮށް ހުދުކުލައިގައެވެ. އަހިވައް ހުންނަނީ ކުކުޅު ބިސް ބައްޓަމަށެވެ. 7-4
ސެންޓިމީޓަރު އާދައިގެ އަހިވަކެއްގެ ބޮޑު މިނުގައި ހުރެއެވެ.
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به باسای اندونزی منگ کودو:
Mengkudu
(Morinda citrifolia) atau keumeudee (Aceh); pace, kemudu, kudu (Jawa); cangkudu
(Sunda); kodhuk (Madura); tibah (Bali) berasal daerah Asia Tenggara, tergolong
dalam famili Rubiaceae. Nama lain untuk tanaman ini adalah noni (Hawaii), nono
(Tahiti), nonu (Tonga), ungcoikan (Myanmar) dan ach (Hindi).
Tanaman
ini tumbuh di dataran rendah hingga pada ketinggian 1500 m. Tinggi pohon
mengkudu mencapai 3–8 m, memiliki bunga bongkol berwarna putih. Buahnya
merupakan buah majemuk, yang masih muda berwarna hijau mengkilap dan memiliki
totol-totol, dan ketika sudah tua berwarna putih dengan bintik-bintik hitam.
Secara
tradisional, masyarakat Aceh menggunakan buah mengkudu sebagai sayur dan rujak.
Daunnya juga digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan nicah peugaga yang sering
muncul sebagai menu wajib buka puasa. Karena itu, mengkudu sering ditanam di
dekat rumah di pedesaan di Aceh. Selain itu mengkudu juga sering digunakan
sebagai bahan obat-obatan.
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به باسای جاوی پاچه:
Pacé kang nduwèni jeneng latin Morinda citrifolia, uga asring
kasebut Indian mulberry utawa awl tree,[1] iku
asalé saka laladan Asia Kidul-wétan. Pacé iku minangka salah sawijiné
tanduran obat kang asring dimupangataké déning masarakat ing Indonésia.[2] Pacé
iku wit kang nduwèni paédah akèh, lan kalébu suku Rubiaceae.[2] Wohé
kang warna putih buthek mbentuk bunder kanthi bunder kaya endhog, lumahané
mbénjol-mbénjol.[2] Wijiné
akèh, dagingé yèn wis mateng gembuk lan akèh banyuné uga kecut rasané.[2] Biasané
didadèkaké obat peluruh pipis lan bisa mudhunaké tekanan getih dhuwur, godhongé
bisa dadi obat lara weteng, oyoté lan batangé utawa pangé iku ngandhut dat
pawarna abang kang digunakaké kanggo mbathik.[2]
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به عبری
מורינדה סיטריפוליקה (שם מדעי: Morinda citrifolia)
הידוע בשמו בהוואית נוני, הוא עץ פרי ממשפחת הפואתיים. נוני אנדמי לדרום מזרח אסיה, אך התפשט משם לתת-היבשת ההודית איים באוקיינוס השקט, פולינזיה הצרפתית, קוסטה ריקה, ברבדוס, פוארטו ריקו ולאחרונה גם לרפובליקה הדומיניקנית. טהיטי היא אזור הגידול המשמעותי ביותר.
//////////
به پشتو سپین توت:
سپين توت د هند له هېواده نورې نړۍ ته مشهوره شوي . دغه توت د سوېلي اسيا په نورو هېوادونو کې لکه سريلانکا ، بنگله دېش او همداسې نورو کې هم موندل شوي . د دغو توتانو
د ونې ځانتيا د ربړ ونې ته ورته ده . پاڼې ېې هم ښويې ، سريښناکه او اومه وي .
///////////////
Morinda citrifolia
From Wikipedia, the
free encyclopedia
"Noni"
redirects here. For other uses, see Noni (disambiguation).
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Morinda citrifolia
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M. citrifolia
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Morinda citrifolia
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Morinda citrifolia is a tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. Its native range extends
through Southeast Asia and Australasia, and the species is now cultivated
throughout the tropics and widely naturalized.[1]
English common names include great
morinda, Indian mulberry, noni, beach
mulberry, and cheese fruit.[2]
Noni in
cross-section
Noni fruit
Contents
[show]
M. citrifolia, also called "noni" grows in shady forests, as well as on open
rocky or sandy shores.[3] It reaches maturity in about 18
months, then yields between 4 and 8 kg (8.8 and 17.6 lb) of fruit
every month throughout the year. It is tolerant of saline soils, drought conditions,
and secondary
soils. It is therefore found in a wide variety of habitats: volcanic terrains, lava-strewn coasts,
and clearings or limestone outcrops,
as well as in coralline atolls.[3] It can grow up to 9 m
(30 ft) tall, and has large, simple, dark green, shiny and deeply veined
leaves.
The plant bears flowers and fruits all year round. The
fruit is a multiple fruit that has
a pungent odour when ripening, and is hence also known as cheese fruit or even
vomit fruit. It is oval in shape and reaches 10–18 centimetres
(3.9–7.1 in) size. At first green, the fruit turns yellow then almost
white as it ripens. It contains many seeds.[3]
M. citrifolia is especially attractive to weaver ants, which make nests from the leaves
of the tree.[3] These ants protect the plant
from some plant-parasitic insects. The smell of the fruit also attracts fruit bats, which aid in dispersing the seeds.
A type of fruit fly, Drosophila sechellia, feeds exclusively on
these fruits.[4]
Noni is sometimes called starvation fruit.[5] Despite its strong smell and
bitter taste, the fruit is nevertheless eaten as a famine food[6] and, in some Pacific islands, even a staple food, either
raw or cooked.[7] Southeast Asians and Australian Aborigines consume
the fruit raw with salt or cook it with curry.
The seeds are edible when roasted.
In Thai cuisine, the leaves (known as bai-yo) are
used as a green vegetable and the fruit (luk-yo) is added as a salad ingredient
to some versions of somtam.
M. citrifolia fruit powder contains carbohydrates and dietary fibre in moderate amounts.[8] These macronutrients evidently
reside in the fruit pulp, as M. citrifolia juice has
sparse nutrient content.[9] The main micronutrients
of M. citrifolia pulp powder include vitamin C, niacin (vitamin B3), iron and potassium.[8] Vitamin A, calcium and sodium are present in moderate amounts.
When M. citrifolia juice alone is analyzed and compared to
pulp powder, only vitamin C is retained[9] in an amount (34 mg per 100
gram juice) that is 64% of the content of a raw navel orange (53 mg per 100 g or 89% of
the Daily Value).[10] Sodium levels in M.
citrifolia juice (about 3% of Dietary Reference
Intake, DRI)[8] are high compared to an orange,
and potassium content is moderate.[10]
M. citrifolia fruit contains a number of phytochemicals, including lignans, oligo- and polysaccharides, flavonoids, iridoids, fatty acids, scopoletin, catechin, beta-sitosterol, damnacanthal, and alkaloids.[11] Although these substances have
been studied for bioactivity, current
research is insufficient to conclude anything about their effects on human
health.[1] These phytochemicals are not
unique to M. citrifolia, as they exist in various plants.[12]
Green fruit, leaves, and root/rhizomes
might have been used in Polynesian cultures
as a general tonic, in addition to its traditional place in Polynesian culture
as a famine food.[5]
In traditional
Chinese medicine, the roots, known as ba ji tian, have been used
for abdominal pain, impotence, and menstrual disorders.[13] Although Morinda is
considered to have biological properties in traditional medicine, there is no
confirmed evidence of clinical efficacy for any intended use.[14]
Morinda bark produces a
brownish-purplish dye that may be used for making batik.
In Hawaii, yellowish dye is extracted from its
roots to dye cloth.[12] A variety of beverages (juice
drinks), powders (from dried ripe or unripe fruits), cosmetic products
(lotions, soaps), oil (from seeds), leaf powders (for encapsulation or pills)
have been introduced into the consumer market.[5]
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M. citrifolia flower
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Young noni
growing on Oahu, Hawaii
1.
^ Jump up to:a b Nelson, SC
(2006-04-01). "Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry: Morinda citrifolia (noni)". Traditional
Tree Initiative.
2.
Jump up^ "Some worldwide names for Morinda citrifolia L.".
The noni website, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, College of Tropical
Agriculture and Human Resources. 2006. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
3.
^ Jump up to:a b c d Nelson, Scot C (March
2001). "Noni cultivation in Hawaii" (PDF).
The noni website, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, College of Tropical
Agriculture and Human Resources. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
4.
Jump up^ Jones,
C.D. (1998). "The Genetic Basis of Drosophila
sechellia's Resistance to a Host Plant Toxin". Genetics. 149 (4):
1899–1908.
5.
^ Jump up to:a b c Nelson, Scot C (8
October 2003). "Morinda citrifoliaL." (PDF).
Permanent Agriculture Resource, University of Hawaii. Retrieved 12
November 2016.
6.
Jump up^ Krauss,
BH (1993). Plants in Hawaiian Culture. Honolulu: University of Hawaii
Press.[page needed]
7.
Jump up^ Morton,
Julia F. (1992). "The ocean-going noni, or Indian Mulberry (Morinda
citrifolia, Rubiaceae) and some of its "colorful"
relatives". Economic Botany. 46 (3): 241–56. doi:10.1007/BF02866623.
8.
^ Jump up to:a b c Nelson, Scot C. (2006)
"Nutritional Analysis of Hawaiian Noni (Noni Fruit Powder)"
The Noni Website. Retrieved 15-06-2009.
9.
^ Jump up to:a b Nelson, Scot C. (2006)
"Nutritional Analysis of Hawaiian Noni (Pure Noni Fruit
Juice)" The Noni Website. Retrieved 15-06-2009.
10.
^ Jump up to:a b "Nutrition data for raw oranges, all commercial
varieties, per 100 gram amount". Nutritiondata.com. Conde
Nast for the USDA National Nutrient Database, Release SR-21. 2014.
Retrieved 12 November 2016.
11.
Jump up^ Levand,
Oscar; Larson, Harold (2009). "Some Chemical Constituents of Morinda
citrifolia". Planta Medica. 36 (06): 186–7. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1097264.
12.
^ Jump up to:a b Thompson, RH
(1971). Naturally Occurring Anthraquinones. New York: Academic Press.[page needed]
14.
Jump up^ Potterat
O, Hamburger M (2007). "Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit--phytochemistry,
pharmacology, safety". Planta Med. 73 (3):
191–9. doi:10.1055/s-2007-967115. PMID 17286240.
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