Ariana; history of Iranian, Iranic, Persian and Persianate civilization.
Darius A. Kamali ·2d ·
Glass making
--the ancient Persian Version
Before so called 'Venetian' glass there was Persian glass.
"The first Persian glass comes in the form of beads dating to the late Bronze Age (1600 BC), and was discovered during the explorations of Dinkhah Tepe in Iran by Charles Burney.
Glass tubes were discovered by French archaeologists at Chogha Zanbil, belonging to the middle Elamite period. Mosaic glass cups have also been found at Teppe Hasanlu and Marlik Tepe in northern Iran, dating to the Iron Age. These cups resembls ones from Mesopotamia, as do cups found in Susa during the late Elamite period.
Glass tubes containing kohl have also been found in Iran, belonging to the Achaemenid period. During this time, glass vessels were usually plain and colorless. During the Sasanian period, glass vessels were decorated with local motifs.
Sasanian Dynasty Persian glass developed the available arts to a high degree of mastery. In fact, their expertise in glassworking set the ‘foundation for virtually all the methods used to produce glass in the Islamic world’ (Goldstein 2005, 11).
Islamic glass continued the achievements of pre-Islamic cultures, especially the Sasanian glass of Persia. The Arab poet al-Buhturi (820–897) described the clarity of such glass: "Its color hides the glass as if it is standing in it without a container." In the 8th century, the Persian-Arab chemist Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber) described 46 recipes for producing colored glass in Kitab al-Durra al-Maknuna (The Book of the Hidden Pearl), in addition to 12 recipes inserted by al-Marrakishi in a later edition of the book.
By the 11th century, clear glass mirrors were being produced in Islamic Spain."
