نارقیصر ناکسیر هندی و قطعا درخت است نه گیاهی که برخی پارسی زبانان حدس زده اند

نار قیصر

بفتح نون و الف و کسر راء مهمله و فتح قاف و سکون یاء مثناه تحتانیه و فتح صاد و راء مهملتین بهندی ناکیسر کجراتی نامند در ماهیت آن اختلاف عظیم است انطاکی کفته نباتی است با یک ساق باریک سرخ مائل بزردی و کل آن نیز مائل بزردی و خوش بو و از روم آورند و در مصر آن را ساق الحمام کویند و کویند شقایق النعمان است

طبیعت آن

کرم و خشک در دوم

افعال و خواص آن

مفرح و آشامیدن آن جهت تقویت معدۀ بارد و تحلیل ریاح و مغص و تفتیح سدد و ادرار بول و حیض و طلای آن جهت تحلیل صلابات و اوجاع مفاصل نافع مقدار شربت آن یک مثقال است

مخزن الادویه عقیلی خراسانی

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ساق الحمام . [ قُل ْ ح َ] (ع اِ مرکب ) گیاهی است داروئی . (اقرب الموارد). خروه . (تذکره  ضریر انطاکی ). بلغت مصری رعی الحمام است ، و انطاکی نار قیصر گفته . (فهرست مخزن الادویه ).

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نار قیصر. [ رِ ق َ ص َ ] (ترکیب اضافی ، اِ مرکب ) ساق الحمام . شقایق النعمان . (مخزن الادویه ). اختلاف عظیم در او واقع است و انطاکی گوید نباتیست باریک ساق و بسیار سرخ و گلش مایل به رزردی و خوشبوئی و از روم آرند و در مصر او را ساق الحمام نامند... و ظاهر آن است که معرب از ناکیسر هندی باشد و به جهت سرخی ساق نار قیصر و در مصر ساق الحمام گویند. (تحفه  حکیم مومن ص 253). نبات نازک سرخ رنگ اندکی متمایل به زردی است . آن را از روم آرند. و در مصر آن را ساق الحمام گویند. نباتی خوشبو و معطر و گرم و یابس و مدر است . (از تذکره  ضریر انطاکی ). و نیز رجوع به ناکیسر* شود.

* ناکیسر. [ س َ ] (هندی ، اِ) به لغت هندی قسمتی از هوفاریقون است . (تحفه  حکیم مومن ). ابن بیطار آرد: ناکیسر و ناک کیسر به دو کاف دیده شده که می نویسند لغت هندی است ، ماهیت آن درختی عظیم که در بنگاله میشود بقدر درخت گردکان و برگ آن پهن بقدر برگ امرود و گل آن بسیار خوشبو و در پورینه و رنگ پور و دیگر نواحی بنگاله کثیرالوجود و عطر گل آن ، خصوص زردی که در میان گل می باشد، میگیرند. بسیار تندبو می باشد و در صندوق عطری که آن باشد عطرهای دیگر رافاسد و [ به ] بوی خود میگرداند از حدت بوئی که دارد طبیعت آن گرم و خشک است . (از مخزن الادویه ص 556).

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http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/naga-kesar-mesua-ferrea

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Home » Indian medicinal plants & herbs » Nagkesar plant (Mesua ferrea) health benefits, uses & images

Nagkesar Plant (Mesua Ferrea) Health Benefits, Uses & Images

January 8, 2017 Shyama Sharma Comment(0)

Nagkesar, i.e., Mesua ferrea is a tree with ash colored bark. It grows to approximately 98 feet height. The diameter of this tree can be almost six and a half feet wide. The bark tends to peel off. In older trees, the bark acquires a darker shade of gray with the brownish red blaze. The wood is hard as well as heavy.

Its leaves are dark green to grey-blue in colour. They are simple narrow oblong leaves linked to central rachis on either side by petioles. The average size of these leaves may be anywhere between three inches to five inches. The upper side of these leaves is smooth and dark green. The lower side, however, is blue-gray.  New leaves, however, are reddish.

The flowers of this tree have four heart shaped petals. They also have numerous stamens, which are yellow in colour, arranged within a square at the centre. These flowers are white in colour with a diameter of about four to seven and a half cm. They can be terminal or axillary flowers.

The fruits of this tree are about 2.5 cm to 5 cm in length. They have a persistent calyx and are oblong shaped.

Each fruit may have one to four dark brown seeds the cotyledons of which are oily as well as fleshy. These seeds are angular.

Flowers, fruits, stamens, and seeds of this tree are used in Ayurvedic medicinal preparations as well as treatments.

Phytochemicals found in Nagkesar tree include:

1.      Mesuol;

2.      Mammeisin;

3.      Mesuagin;

4.      Mammeigin;

5.      Mesuabixanthone A (R=H);

6.      Mesuabixanthone B (R=Me);

7.      Mesuaferrol;

8.      Mesuaxanthone A (R 1= HandR2 = OMe)

9.      Euxanthone(R=OH)

10.  Mesuaxanthone B (R1 = OH and R2 = H)

11.  Messianic acid

12.  Mesuaferrone A

13.  Mesuaferrone B

Common name

The name, literally, translates to Cobra’s saffron. But it is also known as “Indian Rose Chestnut” or “Sri Lankan Ironwood” in different parts of the world. “Ironwood of Assam” or “Ceylon ironwood” are other names for this tree in English.

Also Read: Giloy plant health benefits

Also Read: Amla health benefits

Nagkesar tree has different names in different Indian languages.

Hindi: it is known as Naghas or Nagkesar.

Marathi: it is Nagachampa.

Kannada: it is Kanchana or Nagasampinge.

Bengali : Nagesar.

Assamese: Naboor.

Biharis: Nagkeshur.

Malayalam: This tree is known as Naga chempakam or Veluttachempakam in Malayalam.

Oriya: it is known as Nagesvar.

Telugu: it is Nagkesarlu.

Tamil: it is Karunangu or Irul.

Botanical name and family

Botanical name of Nagkesar is Mesua ferrea.  It belongs to Callophyllaceae family under Malpighiales order.

Geological areas where Mesua ferrea plant grow

In India, this tree is found in Assam, Bengal, Eastern Himalayas, Andaman island, and both Eastern as well as the Western Ghats. Outside India, it grows in Sri Lanka, Burma, Nepal, Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines, and Indochina. It requires altitudes of approximately 3300 ft. to 4900 ft. above sea levels.

Maharshi Leucoplex Tablet – 60 Tablet (Pack of 2)

Maharshi Arthritiex Syrup – 200 ml

SHP Mesua ferrea Powder – 100 g

Nagkesar medicinal uses

In Ayurveda, the various parts of this tree are used to treat blood-related disorders, though there are other medical benefits as well. Following medical benefits are attributable to this tree.

Circulatory system

Extracts from this tree are used for treating blood disorders such as Epistaxis, Menorrhagia, Piles, and Metrorrhagia.

Basically, the tree offers compounds which are haemostatic and anti-inflammatory in nature. Therefore, extracts from this tree are able to stop bleeding by affecting relevant blood capillaries. It also has soothing as well as astringent like effect. Some of the phytochemicals found in it have an antiseptic effect and there are other phytochemicals that can be used as cardiotonic agents.

Fresh flowers of this tree are used for treating piles. These flowers not only reduce the piles swelling but also restore normalcy by shrinking them. The bleeding associated with piles is also controlled with the extracts from Nagkesar.

When women bleed excessively during their regular menstruation, they become weak and tired. This condition is known as Menorrhagia. Products containing Nagkesar are used to prevent excessive loss of blood during such period. Such products are also used to prevent a white discharge (vaginal moniliasis) in women. When there is any abnormal uterine bleeding, the condition is referred to as Metrorrhagia. This condition can also be treated by using specific extracts from Nagkesar parts.

Apart from blood disorders, extracts from this plant are also used to treat cardiac conditions.

Also read: Piles treatment at home

Nervous system

Extracts from this tree and its parts are used to treat hysteria and debility of the brain.

Reproductive system

So far, the reproductive system is concerned, it exhibits some aphrodisiac properties.

Urinary system

Extracts from this tree are effective diuretics. Therefore, it increases the production and expulsion of urine from the system. In general, it helps to gain better control over urination.

Respiratory system

Extracts from this tree are used to treat cold & cough, asthma, etc., as they work as an expectorant.

Digestive system

Extracts from this tree can be used to reduce flatulence, i.e., such extracts are carminative.

Also Read: Shatavari plant benefits and side effects

Skin Health

Extracts from this tree are used in Ayurveda to treat ailments such as leprosy.

In general, extracts from this tree can be used in many ways to treat patients arriving with different complaints.  These extracts also exhibit other properties such as these can be used to control fever.

There are different ways of using the extracts from this tree be it as antiseptic or as antipyretic. But the primary benefit associated with Mesua ferrea tree is the reduction in bleeding. It is also combined with the other Ayurvedic treatments and extracts, for more versatile usage. Contemporary researchers have from time to time studied the properties of extracts from this tree and confirmed the benefits mentioned in Ayurveda, to a great extent.

Even though extracts are from nagkesar tree, they can be quite potent. The exact potency of any such medication needs to be taken to prevent adverse reactions. But such potency requirement differs from person to person as patients differ in their constitutions. Therefore, consulting an Ayurvedic physician is necessary before resorting to self-medication.

Mesua ferrea ayurvedic qualities

Rasa – Kashaya Tikta – Astringent, bitter
Guna (qualities) – Rooksha (dryness), Teekshna (piercing), Laghu (light to digest)
Vipaka – taste conversion after digestion – Katu – pungent
Veerya – Ushna – Hot
Effect on Tridosha – Balances Kapha and Pitta Dosha.

How to use Nagkesar

Take 5 Gm Nagkesar Powder with water 1-2 hrs after meals 2 times a day. Take first dose after breakfast. If you are mixing it with other herbs, consult your healthcare provider first.

Pregnant or Lactating women, children or any with Known pre-existing condition should take under the advice of health care provider. Keep away from the reach of children.

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Nagkesar seed oil

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tree

Flower

fertiled flower

Further information: Mesua ferrea

Raw fruit

seeds

Nagkesar oil is extracted from seeds of the nagkesar tree (Mesua ferrea, Hindi: नागकेसर). It belongs to the Calophyllaceae family. It is an East Indian evergreen tree and is often planted as an ornamental for its fragrant white flowers that yield a perfume. It is the source of hardwood used for railroad ties.^[1] It is Sri Lanka's national tree.^[2]

Contents

  [show] 

Etymology[edit]

The generic name is after J. Mesue (777-857) and the specific epithet is from Latin meaning ‘belonging to iron’, in reference to its famed and very hard, durable timber.^[3]

Common name in Indian languages^[2][4][edit]

·         commonly known as: Ceylon ironwood, cobra's saffron, Indian rose chestnut, ironwood tree, mesua, poached egg tree

·         Hindi− नाग चम्पा (Nag champa, नागकेसर( Nagkesar )

·         Urdu− नर्मिश्क, Narmishka

·         Tamil− Tadinangu, நாகப்பூ( nagappu), நாகேசுரம் (nakecuram)

·         Marathi− Thorlachampa, नागचंपा (nagchampa), नागकेशर (nagakeshara)

·         Malayalam− (Vainavu, ചുരുളി (churuli

·         Assam− নোক্তে (Nokte ), নাহৰ (Nahor), নাগেশ্বৰ (Nageshwar)

·         Meitei− নাগেসৰ (Nageshor )

·         Telugu−నాగకేసరము (nagakesaramu)

·         Sanskrit नागकेशर (nagakesarah), नागपुष्प( nagapuspah)

·         Kannada− ನಾಗ ಕೇಸರಿ( nagakesari), ನಾಗ ಸಮ್ಪಿಗೆ (nagasampige)

·         Bengali− নাগকেশর (nagkesar, পুন্নাগ (punnaga)

·         Gujarati− નાગચંપા( nagachampa)

·         Kashmiri− नागकेसर (nagkesarah)

Common name in other countries^[5][edit]

·         English− Ceylon ironwood, Cobra's saffron, Indian rose-chestnut, Iron-wood tree, Sembawang tree (Singapore).

·         Italian− Croco di cobra.

·         German− Nagassamen.

·         Arabic− Narae-kaisar.

·         Russian− Indiiskoe zheleznoe derevo, Mezua zheleznaia, Mezuia zheleznaia, Nagakeshara (from Hindi), Zheleznoe derevo.

·         Burmese− Gungen, Kenga

·         Chinese- : Tie li mu, (Taiwan).

·         Japanese− Tagayasan.

·         Thai- : Bhra na kaw, Bunnak (Boon naak), Ka ko (Karen), Gaa gaaw, Gam gaaw, Kam ko (Shan), Saan phee daawy, Saraphi doi (Chiang Mai).

Habitat[edit]

M. ferrea reaches up to 100 feet (30 m) height.The tree is native to Sri Lanka, India, southern Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, the Philippines, Malaysia and Sumatra, where it grows in evergreen forests, especially in river valleys. In the Himalayas and India the tree can grow at altitudes up to 1500 meters and in Sri Lanka up to 1000 meters.^[6] It is the only ironwood forest in the dry zone with wet zone vegetation.

Morphology[edit]

Tree[edit]

M. ferrea is a small to medium-size evergreen It grows up to 13 m tall, often buttressed at the base with a trunk up to 90 cm in diameter. It has simple, narrow, oblong, dark green leaves 7–15 cm long, with a whitish underside. The emerging young leaves are red to yellowish pinkand droop.^[2] The wood is hard, heavy and strong. at about 72 pounds per cubic foot (1.15 g/cm³) . Its density is 1.12 ton/m3.^[7] The root of the tree is used as an antidote for snake venom.^[8]

Flowers[edit]

Its flowers are terminal or axillary, bisexual, solitary or in an up to 9-flowered open panicle, pedicel with small paired bracts. It has 4 decussate sepals sub-orbicular, persistent and variously enlarged and thickened in fruit. Stamens are numerous, free or connate only at the base, ovary superior (1-2 celled) each cell with 1-2 axillary ovules. They are slender with a peltate to 4-lobed stigma. The flowers are 4-7.5 cm diameter, with four white petals.^[3] The flowers are used to make an incense and to stuff pillows.^[2] The flowers are acrid, anodyne, digestive, constipating, and used to treat stomachache. They are useful for conditions such as asthma, leprosy, cough, fever, vomiting and impotence. The seed oil is considered to be useful for vata and skin diseases. Dried flowers are used for bleeding hemorrhoids and dysentery with mucus. Fresh flowers are useful remedy for itching, nausea, erysipelas, bleeding piles, metrorrhagea, menorrhagea, excessive thirst, and sweating.^[9]

Fruits[edit]

The fruit is a capsule, usually globule, often beaked, thinly woody, usually dehiscing with 2(-4) valves before falling, often exuding resinous droplets. One fruit contains 1-4 seeds. Fruits are reddish, conical hard and ovoid. The fruit diameter is 3.0" and nearly woody. Fruits are ovoid, 2.5 -5.0 cm long with persistent calyx. The seed 1-4, dark brown, cotyledons fleshy and oily.^[10] Fruits weigh from 50-60 grams each^[11]

Seeds[edit]

The fruit contains one round or three conical brown, shiny, seeds consisting of the kernel (cotyledons, 36.6%) within a fibrous outer cover (50% seed) and brittle shell (13.4%). M. ferrea seeds contained lipids (66.91-70.23 g %), moisture (4.02-5.05 g %), ash (1.46-1.50 g %), total protein (6.99-7.19 g %), water-soluble protein (2.98-3.11 g %), starch (5.51-5.85 g %), crude fiber (1.22-1.98 g %), carbohydrate (15.88-18.68 g %). The energy value is 700.55-724.15 kcal/100 g.^[12]

Physical properties and composition[edit]

The major fatty acids in nagkesar oil are oleic acid, linoleic acid stearic acid and palmitic acid. Polyphenols and volatiles can contribute an unpleasant odour. These include the 4-phenyl coumarins mesuol, mammeisin, mesuagin and mammeigin.^[13]

Fatty acid composition[11][12]
Fatty acid	percentage
Myristic acid (C14:0)	0.0-2.8
Palmitic acid (C16:0)	8.0-16.5
Stearic acid (C18:0)	10.0-15.8
Oleic acid (C18:1)	55-66
Linoleic acid (C20:0)	0-1.0

Physical properties[12][14]
Character	Range/limit
Refractive Indexat, 400C	1.465-1.475
Iodine value	65-95
Saponification value	195-205
Moisture	1.0-1.5
Color 1/4" cell(Y+5R)	25-35
Unsaponifiable matter %	2.0-2.5

Applications[edit]

Oil from the seeds has been used in the treatment of sores, scabies, wounds and rheumatism. It has been credited with benefits as a digestant, and to have antivenom, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and anti-helmintic activity. It has also been used in the treatment of fevers, itching, nausea, leprosy, skin disorders, erysipelas, bleeding piles, metrorrhagia, menorrhagia, excessive thirst, and sweating.^[9]

See also[edit]

·         Mesua ferrea

·         Nagkesar

·         Trees of India

References[edit]

1.     Jump up^ "ironwood tree - definition of ironwood tree by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia". Thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 2013-11-21.

2.     ^ Jump up to:^a b c d "Mesua ferrea - Nag Kesar". Flowersofindia.net. Retrieved 2013-11-21.

3.     ^ Jump up to:^a b "Species Information". Worldagroforestry.org. Retrieved 2013-11-21.

4.     Jump up^ "Nagakeshara (Sanskrit: नागकेशर) | Flickr - Photo Sharing!". Flickr. 2008-01-20. Retrieved 2013-11-21.

5.     Jump up^ "Nagkesar, abortifacient herb, herb inducing abortion, Mesua Ferrea, bitter herb, poisonous herb, making railway lines, hard timber". Spicesmedicinalherbs.com. Retrieved 2013-11-21.

6.     Jump up^ [1]^{[dead link]}

7.     Jump up^ [2]^{[dead link]}

8.     Jump up^ "Herb Therapy - Ironwood Tree or Nagkesar". Yousigma.com. 2007-11-09. Retrieved 2013-11-21.

9.     ^ Jump up to:^a b Chakrapani Ayurveda. "Nagkesar, Mesua, Mesua ferrea, Clusiaceae". Nagkesar.com. Retrieved 2013-11-21.

10.  Jump up^ Chakrapani Ayurveda. "Nagkesar, Mesua, Mesua ferrea, Clusiaceae". Nagkesar.com. Retrieved 2013-11-21.

11.  ^ Jump up to:^a b SEA HandBook-2009,By The Solvent Extractors' Association of India

12.  ^ Jump up to:^a b c "Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia". Ajol.info. Retrieved 2013-11-21.

13.  Jump up^ BALA, K.R.; T.R. SESHADRI (1971). "ISOLATION AND SYNTHESIS OF SOME COUMARIN COMPONENTS OF MESUA FERREA SEED OIL". Phytochemistry. 10: 1131–1134. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)89951-3.

14.  Jump up^ PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MESUA FERREA SEED OIL AND NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF ITS SEED AND LEAVES.M. Abu Sayeed, M. Abbas Ali, F.I. Sohel, G.R.M. Astaq Mohal Khan and Mst. Sarmina Yeasmin

External links[edit]

·         Satveda.com

·         Purnaturals.in