دود قرمز. کرم قرمز. مرقون القرمز. (ع اِ مرکب ) دود القرمز
است . (کتاب قراباذین قانون ابوعلی چ تهران ص 41 سطر آخر).
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الدوده الحمراء (بالإنجليزية: Eisenia fetida) يبلغ طولها من 4 إلى 14
سم لونها احمر أو اصفر ذات حلقات. تحتاج لتعيش تربه فيها مواد عضويه بالتالي يحولها
إلى تربه خصبه توجد حوالي 2000 نوع منها يستعمل اليوم لتحويل فضلات الطعام إلى سماد
طبيعي للتربه. فبدل من أن ترمي نفايات البيت من طعام كقشرة البطاطا أو ورق الشاي ترسبات
القهوة قشرة البيض فهي تقوم باكلها وتحويلها إلى سماد طبيعي للتربه.
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Eisenia fetida (older spelling: foetida), known under various common
names such as redworm, brandling worm, panfish worm, trout worm, tiger worm,
red wiggler worm, red californian earth worm, etc., is a species of earthworm
adapted to decaying organic material. These worms thrive in rotting vegetation,
compost, and manure. They are epigean, rarely found in soil. In this trait they
resemble Lumbricus rubellus.
They have groups of bristles (called setae) on each segment that move in
and out to grip nearby surfaces as the worms stretch and contract their muscles
to push themselves forward or backward.
Eisenia fetida worms are used for vermicomposting. They are native to
Europe, but have been introduced (both intentionally and unintentionally) to
every other continent except Antarctica.
Odor
When roughly handled, an Eisenia fetida exudes a pungent liquid, thus
the specific name foetida meaning foul-smelling. This is presumably an
antipredator adaptation.
Close-up of Eisenia fetida with visible bristles
Related species
Eisenia fetida is closely related to Eisenia andrei, also referred to as
E. foetida andrei. The only simple way of distinguishing the two species is
that E. foetida is sometimes lighter in colour. Molecular analyses have
confirmed their identity as separate species and breeding experiments have
shown that they do not produce hybrids.
Reproduction
As with other earthworm species, Eisenia fetida is hermaphroditic.
However, two worms are still required for reproduction. The two worms join
clitella, the large lighter-colored bands which contain the worms' reproductive
organs, and which are only prominent during the reproduction process. The two
worms exchange sperm. Both worms then secrete cocoons which contain several
eggs each. These cocoons are lemon-shaped and are pale yellow at first,
becoming more brownish as the worms inside become mature. These cocoons are
clearly visible to the naked eye.
References
Jump up ^ "Eisenia foetida". Fauna Europaea. 2004.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Class: Clitellata
Order: Haplotaxida
Family: Lumbricidae
Genus: Eisenia
Species: E.
foetida
Binomial name
Eisenia foetida
(Savigny, 1826) [1]
